The Freedom of Association Mess: How We Got into It and How We Can Get out of It

Canadian constitutional law regarding freedom of association for workers is a mess. The jurisprudence to date has taken an approach to state action and positive obligations to legislate which is inconsistent with section 15, and has failed to articulate the relationship between the abstract statement of basic rights or freedoms and the detailed statutes and regulations that instantiate and enforce them. This paper focuses on the impact of the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in BC Health. The author argues that this case misunderstood Canada’s labour law history, international labour law obligations, “Charter values”, and the distinction between “freedoms” and “rights”.This paper argues that by using labour relations statutes as a starting point and applying the constitutional idea of equality, courts can protect freedom of association for workers and find a way out of the mess we are in.Le droit constitutionnel canadien relatif à la liberté d’association des travailleurs est un fouillis. Jusqu’à présent, la jurisprudence a traité de l’action étatique et des obligations positives de légiférer de manière incohérente avec l’article 15. Elle n’a pas réussi à articuler la relation entre l’énonciation abstraite des droits et libertés fondamentaux et les lois et règlements détaillés qui leur donnent vie et les mettent en oeuvre. Cet article se concentre sur l’impact de la décision récente BC Health de la Cour suprême du Canada. L’auteur affirme que plutôt que de clarifier le fouillis de la liberté d’association, cette affaire a mal saisi l’histoire du droit du travail au Canada, les obligations internationales en droit du travail du pays, les valeurs de la Charte, la nature des droits du travail et la distinction entre «libertés» et «droits».Cet article affirme qu’en s’appuyant sur les lois relatives aux relations de travail et en appliquant l’idée constitutionnelle d’égalité, les tribunaux peuvent protéger la liberté d’association des travailleurs et trouver une solution au fouillis actuel

Influence of Social Group Membership on Experiences of Prejudice at a Private Christian University

Prejudice is a powerful and invasive social phenomenon that can produce discrimination, harassment, and unfair treatment. Due to the religious affiliation of a private Christian institution, the student body was of interest to examine the experiences of prejudice encountered while attending the school. The constructs of unfair treatment, discrimination, and harassment were examined through a survey taken by 183 participants. Statistical tests were run to expose which social group was associated with a larger number of reported incidences of prejudicial actions. Results indicated that gender and age were associated with increased experiences of discrimination and unfair treatment. Findings fell in line with current research on the relationship between the faith professed by the student body and reported acts of prejudice

It’s “Instant Custom”: How the Bush Doctrine Became Law After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001

Historically, courts have recognized a customary international law only upon finding evidence of uniform state practice over a protracted period of time. In today\u27s rapidly evolving global society, however, instant custom theorists contend that new customary international laws may form in much less time than the decades upon decades of consistent practice traditionally required. This Note considers the instant custom theory and argues that the Bush Doctrine became a new customary international law in the immediate aftermath ofthe terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

Factors Related to Community Mobilization and Continued Involvement in a Community-Based Effort To Enhance Adolescents\u27 Sexual Behaviour

Purpose: This article describes and proposes a model of the factors that influenced community members\u27 initial mobilization, continuing effort, or lack of involvement in a community based-intervention on adolescents\u27 sexual health in Nova Scotia, Canada. Design: This study was conducted within the constructivist paradigm and guided by the principles of grounded theory. Methods: Factors related to community members\u27 initial and continued involvement were explored using analyses of the contents of in-depth interviews and written documentation through pattern identification, clustering of conceptual groupings, identification of relationships between variables, constant comparisons, and theoretical memos. Subjects: Respondents included 14 participants, the 12 members of the Board of Directors and two paid staff (i.e., the project coordinator and the health centre nurse). Results: Specific personal, community-related, and organizational factors have influenced community members\u27 involvement in the project. These factors were grouped into an explanatory model

Federal reserve chairs in the news: in-depth interviews with financial reporters on their coverage of Janet Yellen and Ben Bernanke

Professional project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Journalism from the School of Journalism, University of Missouri--Columbia.This project examines how Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen and Chairman Ben Bernanke were covered in the news. This was analyzed and is relevant because of the historical significance of Chair Yellen's nomination and subsequent confirmation to lead one of the most powerful financial institutions in the world. Interviews were conducted with eight prominent financial journalists based in Washington, D.C. and New York City who work in print, television, radio and digital spaces. Most of the interviews were done in person, two over the phone and one on email. Results show that gender plays little to no role in coverage of Yellen. Economic conditions, the evolution in communication and transparency of the Fed, politics and technology were strong driving factors of news coverage. Journalists drive the narrative of stories by highlighting or excluding certain information. The fact that a bias was not prominent in how reporters cover the chairs of the Fed is a striking outcome in itself. The results could indicate that in some cases, women are gaining ground on the equality front

Crustal Thickening, Partial Melting, and Strain Localization: Insights from the Leo Pargil dome, NW India

Abstract HKT-ISTP 2013 A

Rebus Community Reports : Insights from OER Project Leads

1. Becoming a Ringmaster of Philosophy2. String Theory (and Practice!)3. Proudly Publishing4. Minding the Gaps5. An Innovative Approach to OER6. Making Marking7. The Collective Work of Collected Works8. When Making OER Makes E More O9. Found in Translation10. A Man, a Plan, and Lots of FansThis collection of short narratives provides insight into the process of creating open textbooks and other open educational resources (OER). Over the first months of 2019, Donna Langille (Rebus’s then practicum student) interviewed project leads who have used the Rebus Community publishing platform since 2017. Her write-ups of these interviews focus on the benefits, challenges, and vision of publishing openly. The projects range broadly—from conducting literature reviews for nursing students to building a student-driven anthology of Spanish literature, from opening up LGTBQ+ studies to an international readership to designing a multimedia guide for learning sight reading for guitar. Unifying these diverse publications is the common practice of making publishing into a community-driven act, and throughout, readers will discover that open publishing comes with many different rewards. Indeed, what becomes clear is that making books also makes community—a community that is in the process of reinventing how knowledge is made, shared, and reimagined

Cross-sectional evaluation of a longitudinal consultation skills course at a new UK medical school

Background: Good communication is a crucial element of good clinical care, and it is important to provide appropriate consultation skills teaching in undergraduate medical training to ensure that doctors have the necessary skills to communicate effectively with patients and other key stakeholders. This article aims to provide research evidence of the acceptability of a longitudinal consultation skills strand in an undergraduate medical course, as assessed by a cross-sectional evaluation of students' perceptions of their teaching and learning experiences. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect student views. The questionnaire comprised two parts: 16 closed questions to evaluate content and process of teaching and 5 open-ended questions. Questionnaires were completed at the end of each consultation skills session across all year groups during the 2006-7 academic year (5 sessions in Year 1, 3 in Year 2, 3 in Year 3, 10 in Year 4 and 10 in Year 5). 2519 questionnaires were returned in total. Results: Students rated Tutor Facilitation most favourably, followed by Teaching, then Practice & Feedback, with suitability of the Rooms being most poorly rated. All years listed the following as important aspects they had learnt during the session: • how to structure the consultation • importance of patient-centredness • aspects of professionalism (including recognising own limits, being prepared, generally acting professionally). All years also noted that the sessions had increased their confidence, particularly through practice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a longitudinal and integrated approach to teaching consultation skills using a well structured model such as Calgary-Cambridge, facilitates and consolidates learning of desired process skills, increases student confidence, encourages integration of process and content, and reinforces appreciation of patient-centredness and professionalism

Interpreting 16S metagenomic data without clustering to achieve sub-OTU resolution

The standard approach to analyzing 16S tag sequence data, which relies on clustering reads by sequence similarity into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), underexploits the accuracy of modern sequencing technology. We present a clustering-free approach to multi-sample Illumina datasets that can identify independent bacterial subpopulations regardless of the similarity of their 16S tag sequences. Using published data from a longitudinal time-series study of human tongue microbiota, we are able to resolve within standard 97% similarity OTUs up to 20 distinct subpopulations, all ecologically distinct but with 16S tags differing by as little as 1 nucleotide (99.2% similarity). A comparative analysis of oral communities of two cohabiting individuals reveals that most such subpopulations are shared between the two communities at 100% sequence identity, and that dynamical similarity between subpopulations in one host is strongly predictive of dynamical similarity between the same subpopulations in the other host. Our method can also be applied to samples collected in cross-sectional studies and can be used with the 454 sequencing platform. We discuss how the sub-OTU resolution of our approach can provide new insight into factors shaping community assembly.Comment: Updated to match the published version. 12 pages, 5 figures + supplement. Significantly revised for clarity, references added, results not change