The formative research process in developing and designing tuberculosis prevention and treatment display cards aimed at a community with a low level of literacy

This paper reports on the formative research process in the development of a series of tuberculosis prevention and treatment display cards, aimed at a community with a low level of literacy. The aim of the project was to evaluate existing posters and to develop a new series of display cards that health workers could use to discuss tuberculosis symptoms and treatment with their patients. Fifty two patients from eight tuberculosis clinics participated in the evaluative process of existing posters and the formative design process of display cards during a structured interview with a qualitative approach. The results indicated that the subjects had difficulty in understanding some of the Western-oriented graphic conventions, and the symbolic and latent messages in the existing posters. Only one of the existing posters obtained an acceptable comprehension level. The comprehension rating of the twelve new display cards improved when they were developed during a formative process with tuberculosis patients. A realistic photographic approach proved to be more effective in communicating the prevention and treatment messages to an audience with a low level of literacy, than did a simplified-illustrative approach. This paper compares the results of this project with those of others and suggests guidelines that graphic designers can use when designing for developing communities. The paper is illustrated with examples of both the existing and the new display cards

Leeftijd, het psychologisch contract en werkattitudes: Een meta-analyse

Contains fulltext : 90222.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The meta-analysis investigated the relations between age and psychological contracts. It was expected that age would be positively related to the employer obligations, and that age would moderate the relations between contract breach and job attitudes. The hypotheses were tested by means of a meta-analysis of 76 studies with in total 28,773 respondents. It was found that age is related negatively but marginally to the psychological contract, and that age moderated the relations between psychological contract breach and job attitudes. The relations between contract breach on the one hand and trust and affective commitment on the other hand were stronger for older workers, whereas the relation between contract breach and job satisfaction was stronger among younger workers. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed

An Old Dog Learns Some New Tricks: Ready to Embrace Online Learning with Collaborate

https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/weeklyreader/1058/thumbnail.jp

Werk en motivatie om te leren: Zijn er verschillen tussen jongere en oudere werknemers?

Contains fulltext : 54521.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

A terceirização trabalhista e as responsabilidades do fornecedor e do tomador dos serviços : um enfoque multidisciplinar

Examina a questão do trabalho humano e o local de seu exercício. Aponta as causas da terceirização e discute os aspectos referentes a sua legalidade e ilegalidade. Examina a responsabilidade na terceirização lícita, bem como a terceirização trabalhista e a relação processual

Chorioamnionitis induces hepatic inflammation and time-dependent changes of the enterohepatic circulation in the ovine fetus

Chorioamnionitis, inflammation of fetal membranes, is an important cause of preterm birth and a risk factor for the development of adverse neonatal outcomes including sepsis and intestinal pathologies. Intestinal bile acids (BAs) accumulation and hepatic cytokine production are involved in adverse intestinal outcomes. These findings triggered us to study the liver and enterohepatic circulation (EHC) following intra-amniotic (IA) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. An ovine chorioamnionitis model was used in which circulatory cytokines and outcomes of the liver and EHC of preterm lambs were longitudinally assessed following IA administration of 10 mg LPS at 5, 12 or 24h or 2, 4, 8 or 15d before preterm birth. Hepatic inflammation was observed, characterized by increased hepatic cytokine mRNA levels (5h – 2d post IA LPS exposure) and increased erythropoietic clusters (at 8 and 15 days post IA LPS exposure). Besides, 12h after IA LPS exposure, plasma BA levels were increased, whereas gene expression levels of several hepatic BA transporters were decreased. Initial EHC alterations normalized over time. Concluding, IA LPS exposure induces significant time-dependent changes in the fetal liver and EHC. These chorioamnionitis induced changes have potential postnatal consequences and the duration of IA LPS exposure might be essential herein

Chorioamnionitis induces enteric nervous system injury: Effects of timing and inflammation in the ovine fetus

Background Chorioamnionitis, inflammation of the chorion and amnion, which often results from intrauterine infection, is associated with premature birth and contributes to significant neonatal morbidity and mortality, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Recently, we have shown that chronic chorioamnionitis is associated with significant structural enteric nervous system (ENS) abnormalities that may predispose to later NEC development. Understanding time point specific effects of an intra-amniotic (IA) infection on the ENS is important for further understanding the pathophysiological processes and for finding a window for optimal therapeutic strategies for an individual patient. The aim of this study was therefore to gain insight in the longitudinal effects of intrauterine LPS exposure (ranging from 5 h to 15 days before premature delivery) on the intestinal mucosa, submucosa, and ENS in fetal lambs by use of a well-established translational ovine chorioamnionitis model. Methods We used an ovine chorioamnionitis model to assess outcomes of the fetal ileal mucosa, submucosa and ENS following IA exposure to one dose of 10 mg LPS for 5, 12 or 24 h or 2, 4, 8 or 15 days. Results Four days of IA LPS exposure causes a decreased PGP9.5- and S100β-positive surface area in the myenteric plexus along with submucosal and mucosal intestinal inflammation that coincided with systemic inflammation. These changes were preceded by a glial cell reaction with early systemic and local gut inflammation. ENS changes and inflammation recovered 15 days after the IA LPS exposure. Conclusions The pattern of mucosal and submucosal inflammation, and ENS alterations in the fetus changed over time following IA LPS exposure. Although ENS damage seemed to recover after prolonged IA LPS exposure, additional postnatal inflammatory exposure, which a premature is likely to encounter, may further harm the ENS and influence functional outcome. In this context, 4 to 8 days of IA LPS exposure may form a period of increased ENS vulnerability and a potential window for optimal therapeutic strategies