Brecht, Bertolt. Más de cien poemas.

Sin resume

Friedrich II. von Preussens De la littérature allemande. Zum historischen Standort des Aufsatzes und zu seiner Übersetzung im Spanischen. Literarische und kulturhistorische Aspekte

Se reexamina el concepto de literatura que está en la base del ensayo sobre la literatura alemana (1780) de Federico II, que es un concepto tradicional y mucho más amplio que el que ahora utilizamos, pues se refiere a las letras en general y no a la literatura como ‘bellas letras’: se propone como posible instigador del ensayo a F. M. von Grimm que había publicado en 1750 dos Cartas sobre la literatura alemana en París. Ello conduce a concluir que las susceptibilidades que el ensayo generó entre los autores alemanes de la época y que repercute todavía en las discusiones del siglo XX se basa en un malentendido de las intenciones del autor. Este malentendido no se extiende a España, donde la sólida fama del monarca por un lado y el interés iluminista por el otro llevó a que se privilegiaran los aspectos pedagógicos y las intenciones formativas del breve libro. Se discute también la fecha de una reseña editada en 1781 en el Correo Literario y su incidencia en la traducción, publicada bajo siglas hasta ahora no comprendidas en 1787.The concept of literature used by Frederick II, King of Prussia, in his essay on German Literature is reexamined in this paper. We propose as one of the instigators for writing the original essay Friedrich Melchior von Grimm, who wrote two articles on German Literature in 1750, years before his famous Correspondence Littéraire. The concept of literature as used in the essay is a traditional concept, much broader than we use it nowadays, for it refers to all written products, not to literature as “belles lettres”. This means that some suspicacies which came about among the German authors of the time and which have still been discussed during the XXth Century are based on a faulty understanding of the author’s meaning. This misunderstanding does not extend to Spain, since the Prussian monarchs solid fame abroad and the illuminist interests in Spain led to reception, in the first instance, of the essays pedagogical aspects and formative intentions. W discuss also a review which was published in the Correo Literario in 1781 and its incidence in the Spanish translation, which was published anonymously in 1787

Colaboradores de Brecht.

Sin resume

Witte, Bernd (ed.), Goethe-Handbuch.

Sin resume

Movilización de información en el Ordenamiento Territorial de Bosques Nativos de Argentina.: La heterogeneidad de los mapeos provinciales y la institucionalización de la problemática ambiental

In this paper we propose a geographical analysis highlighting the social and political role of environmental information in the implementation of complex legal systems aimed at regulating the advance of the agricultural frontier in South America; we present a case-study focusing on the Argentine Law on Forests ("Ley de Bosques") of 2007. In order to curb deforestation, this law requires every Argentine province to draw a native forest land planning map ("OTBN") classifying forests according to their conservation priority and sets up a scheme of financial incentives for landowners, within the constitutional framework of "minimum common environmental standards" ("presupuestos mínimos de protección"). By exploring the heterogeneity of the mapping processes across provinces we try to shed some light on their political implications. A geographical description of the patterns followed by the classification of forests in the different provinces, of the kinds of information mobilized by the actors, and of the methods employed to draw the land planning maps reveals that very little ecological information was actually used, that no new information was created specifically for the OTBN, and that no explicit mapping methods were applied, which resulted in extremely different ways of producing the maps. These results show that the implementation of the Ley de Bosques is backed by a feeble information basis and is far from responding to scientific quality standards. This may be read, first, as a sign of the inability of the public powers to initiate a serious public discussion regarding the ecological aspects of land planning. Second, we argue that environmental information functions as an asset in the negotiations between the federal and provincial powers. Third, we suggest that, in spite of the weak capacities of state agencies we detected, the process shows an emerging capacity of the federal environmental authorities to place themselves as an arbiter of the management of natural resources in Argentina, in the face of an adverse context marked by strong opposition to the regulation of activities affecting these resources.En este artículo, proponemos un análisis geográfico del papel social y político que juega la información ambiental en la implementación de sistemas legales complejos de regulación de los avances de la frontera agropecuaria en América del Sur, tomando como caso de estudio la "Ley de Bosques" argentina (2007). En el marco de esta ley, cada provincia argentina tuvo que elaborar un mapa de Ordenamiento Territorial de Bosques Nativos (OTBN), tendiente a reducir la tasa de deforestación mediante una jerarquización de sus bosques, el establecimiento de mecanismos de incitación financiera destinados a los productores rurales, dentro del marco constitucional de las "normas de presupuestos mínimos de protección" ambiental. Este artículo explora la heterogeneidad de estos procesos de mapeo, con el objetivo de analizar su significado político. Mediante una descripción geográfica de las lógicas de clasificación de bosques en varias provincias, del tipo de información movilizada por los actores, y de los métodos de mapeo, se pone en evidencia que la escasez de información ecológica movilizada, la ausencia de creación de información específica para los OTBN, así como la ausencia de explicitación de métodos de mapeo habilitaron formas muy dispares de elaboración. Estos resultados demuestran que la implementación de la Ley de Bosques está respaldada en una información fragmentaria y muy lejos de responder a cánones de calidad científica. Esta situación puede ser interpretada primero como el signo de una incapacidad de los poderes públicos para dar espacio político a una discusión de fondo sobre la dimensión ecológica del ordenamiento territorial. Segundo, como el signo de que la información ambiental sirve como variable de negociación entre los poderes federales y las provincias. Tercero, y no obstante lo dicho anteriormente, demostraría una incipiente capacidad de instancias del Estado federal para ubicarse como árbitro en la gestión de recursos naturales en Argentina, a pesar de un contexto desfavorable de fuerte oposición a la regulación de las actividades que los afectan

Object Manipulation in Virtual Reality Under Increasing Levels of Translational Gain

Room-scale Virtual Reality (VR) has become an affordable consumer reality, with applications ranging from entertainment to productivity. However, the limited physical space available for room-scale VR in the typical home or office environment poses a significant problem. To solve this, physical spaces can be extended by amplifying the mapping of physical to virtual movement (translational gain). Although amplified movement has been used since the earliest days of VR, little is known about how it influences reach-based interactions with virtual objects, now a standard feature of consumer VR. Consequently, this paper explores the picking and placing of virtual objects in VR for the first time, with translational gains of between 1x (a one-to-one mapping of a 3.5m*3.5m virtual space to the same sized physical space) and 3x (10.5m*10.5m virtual mapped to 3.5m*3.5m physical). Results show that reaching accuracy is maintained for up to 2x gain, however going beyond this diminishes accuracy and increases simulator sickness and perceived workload. We suggest gain levels of 1.5x to 1.75x can be utilized without compromising the usability of a VR task, significantly expanding the bounds of interactive room-scale VR

Quantification of mutant huntingtin protein in cerebrospinal fluid from Huntington's disease patients.

Quantification of disease-associated proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been critical for the study and treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders; however, mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT), the cause of Huntington's disease (HD), is at very low levels in CSF and, to our knowledge, has never been measured previously

Publisher Correction: Coherent diffractive imaging of single helium nanodroplets with a high harmonic generation source

In the original version of this Article, the affiliation for Luca Poletto was incorrectly given as ‘European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Hamburg, Germany’, instead of the correct ‘CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Padova, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy’. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article

Three-Dimensional Shapes of Spinning Helium Nanodroplets

A significant fraction of superfluid helium nanodroplets produced in a free-jet expansion have been observed to gain high angular momentum resulting in large centrifugal deformation. We measured single-shot diffraction patterns of individual rotating helium nanodroplets up to large scattering angles using intense extreme ultraviolet light pulses from the FERMI free-electron laser. Distinct asymmetric features in the wide-angle diffraction patterns enable the unique and systematic identification of the three-dimensional droplet shapes. The analysis of a large dataset allows us to follow the evolution from axisymmetric oblate to triaxial prolate and two-lobed droplets. We find that the shapes of spinning superfluid helium droplets exhibit the same stages as classical rotating droplets while the previously reported metastable, oblate shapes of quantum droplets are not observed. Our three-dimensional analysis represents a valuable landmark for clarifying the interrelation between morphology and superfluidity on the nanometer scale