A Measurement of Interference from D-mixing in D0→Kπππ events at LHCb during Run 2 of the LHC

The time dependent ratio of wrong-sign D0 → K+π−π−π+to right-sign D0 →K−π+π+π−decay rates is measured using 3.8fb−1of proton-proton collision datataken in 2017 and 2018 during Run 2 of the LHC at a centre of mass energyof 13TeV. The D∗ → (D0 → Kπππ) π decay channels are used as the charge ofthe bachelor pion tags the type of decay. The ratio of the wrong- to right-signamplitudes is measured to berD = (5.41 ± 0.07(stat.) ± 0.13(sys.)) × 102which is consistent with the world average value of (5.50 ± 0.06) × 102 at the1σ level. The interference between the wrong-sign and right-sign D0 → Kπππamplitudes is also measured, as this is a necessary input for future measurements ofthe CKM angle γ using the related B → (D → Kπππ)K family of decay channels.This interference has previously been measured in phase space bins at the CLEO-cand BES-III experiments; using this same binning scheme, a method is presentedhere where the constraints obtained at CLEO-c and BES-III are combined withthe result from D-mixing at LHCb. This constraint is improved using the resultfrom LHCb data. The dimensionless, complex charm interference parameter ZΩ isused to parameterise the interference; in the four phase space bins the value of thisparameter are measured to be:0.24+0.05−0.04 ± 0.04+ (−0.58 ± 0.10 ± 0.10) i(0.67 ± 0.06 ± 0.03) +−0.56+0.13−0.14 ± 0.14i(0.75 ± 0.05 ± 0.016) +−0.015+0.13−0.12 ± 0.12i(0.03 ± 0.05 ± 0.02) +0.63+0.11−0.10 ± 0.12iwhere the first uncertainty presented is statistical and the second systematic.The dominant source of systematic error is associated with correcting forthe detector efficiency; a novel method has been developed to evaluate this andsuggestions for reducing the associated uncertainty are presented. Using thistechnique on the full LHCb dataset will enable an even more precise measurementof the interference between the amplitudes. This can then be used for a precise measurement of the CKM angle γ, an important parameter that is often used asa benchmark for the Standard Model and that also enables searches for physicsbeyond the Standard Model

Optical constants of uranium plasma Final report

Thermodynamic and optical properties of uranium plasma in proposed gaseous core nuclear rocket

A Search for New Physics with the BEACON Mission

The primary objective of the Beyond Einstein Advanced Coherent Optical Network (BEACON) mission is a search for new physics beyond general relativity by measuring the curvature of relativistic space-time around Earth. This curvature is characterized by the Eddington parameter \gamma -- the most fundamental relativistic gravity parameter and a direct measure for the presence of new physical interactions. BEACON will achieve an accuracy of 1 x 10^{-9} in measuring the parameter \gamma, thereby going a factor of 30,000 beyond the present best result involving the Cassini spacecraft. Secondary mission objectives include: (i) a direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" and geodetic precessions in the Earth's rotational gravitomagnetic field, to 0.05% and 0.03% accuracy correspondingly, (ii) first measurement of gravity's non-linear effects on light and corresponding 2nd order spatial metric's effects to 0.01% accuracy. BEACON will lead to robust advances in tests of fundamental physics -- this mission could discover a violation or extension of general relativity and/or reveal the presence of an additional long range interaction in physics. BEACON will provide crucial information to separate modern scalar-tensor theories of gravity from general relativity, probe possible ways for gravity quantization, and test modern theories of cosmological evolution.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Entropic Origin of Pseudogap Physics and a Mott-Slater Transition in Cuprates

We propose a new approach to understand the origin of the pseudogap in the cuprates, in terms of bosonic entropy. The near-simultaneous softening of a large number of different $q$-bosons yields an extended range of short-range order, wherein the growth of magnetic correlations with decreasing temperature $T$ is anomalously slow. These entropic effects cause the spectral weight associated with the Van Hove singularity (VHS) to shift rapidly and nearly linearly toward half filling at higher $T$, consistent with a picture of the VHS driving the pseudogap transition at a temperature $\sim T^*$. As a byproduct, we develop an order-parameter classification scheme that predicts supertransitions between families of order parameters. As one example, we find that by tuning the hopping parameters, it is possible to drive the cuprates across a {\it transition between Mott and Slater physics}, where a spin-frustrated state emerges at the crossover.Comment: 24 pgs, 15 figs + Supp. Material [6pgs, 3 figs]. Major revision of arXiv:1505.0477

What impact did a Paediatric Early Warning system have on emergency admissions to the paediatric intensive care unit? An observational cohort study

Summary The ideology underpinning Paediatric Early Warning systems (PEWs) is that earlier recognition of deteriorating in-patients would improve clinical outcomes. Objective To explore how the introduction of PEWs at a tertiary children's hospital affects emergency admissions to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and the impact on service delivery. To compare ‘in-house’ emergency admissions to PICU with ‘external’ admissions transferred from District General Hospitals (without PEWs). Method A before-and-after observational study August 2005–July 2006 (pre), August 2006–July 2007 (post) implementation of PEWs at the tertiary children's hospital. Results The median Paediatric Index of Mortality (PIM2) reduced; 0.44 vs 0.60 (p < 0.001). Fewer admissions required invasive ventilation 62.7% vs 75.2% (p = 0.015) for a shorter median duration; four to two days. The median length of PICU stay reduced; five to three days (p = 0.002). There was a non-significant reduction in mortality (p = 0.47). There was no comparable improvement in outcome seen in external emergency admissions to PICU. A 39% reduction in emergency admission total beds days reduced cancellation of major elective surgical cases and refusal of external PICU referrals. Conclusions Following introduction of PEWs at a tertiary children's hospital PIM2 was reduced, patients required less PICU interventions and had a shorter length of stay. PICU service delivery improved

Pseudo-Goldstone Boson Effects in Top-Antitop Productions at High Energy Hadron Colliders and Testing Technicolor Models

We study the top quark pair production process p+p(anti-p)-->top+antitop in various kinds of technicolor (TC) models at the Fermilab Tevatron Run II and the CERN LHC. The s-channel neutral pseudo-Goldstone bosons (PGB's) contribute dominately to the production amplitudes from its coupling to the gluons through the triangle loops of techniquarks and the top quark. Cross sections in different TC models with s-channel PGB contributions are calculated. It is shown that the PGB effects can be experimentally tested and different TC models under consideration can be distinguished at the LHC. Therefore, the p+p-->top+antitop process at the LHC provides feasible tests of the TC models.Comment: 10 pages in RevTex and 4 PS-files for the figures. Paramemter range is changed, and some references are added. Version for publication in Phys. Rev.

Algebras for parameterised monads

Parameterised monads have the same relationship to adjunctions with parameters as monads do to adjunctions. In this paper, we investigate algebras for parameterised monads. We identify the Eilenberg-Moore category of algebras for parameterised monads and prove a generalisation of Beck’s theorem characterising this category. We demonstrate an application of this theory to the semantics of type and effect systems

The Collider Phenomenology of Technihadrons in the Technicolor Straw Man Model

We discuss the phenomenology of the lightest SU(3)_C singlet and non-singlet technihadrons in the Straw Man Model of low-scale technicolor (TCSM). The technihadrons are assumed to be those arising in topcolor--assisted technicolor models in which topcolor is broken by technifermion condensates. We improve upon the description of the color--singlet sector presented in our earlier paper introducing the TCSM (hep-ph/9903369). These improvements are most important for subprocess energies well below the masses of the technirho and techniomega, and, therefore, apply especially to e+e- colliders such as LEP and a low--energy linear collider. In the color--octet sector, we consider mixing of the gluon, the coloron V_8 from topcolor breaking, and four isosinglet color--octet technirho mesons. We assume, as expected in walking technicolor, that these technirhos decay into qbar-q, gg, and g-technipion final states, but not into technipion pairs. All the TCSM production and decay processes discussed here are included in the event generator Pythia. We present several simulations appropriate for the Tevatron Collider, and suggest benchmark model lines for further experimental investigation.Comment: 42 pages, 7 figure

Abstract Tensor Systems as Monoidal Categories

The primary contribution of this paper is to give a formal, categorical treatment to Penrose's abstract tensor notation, in the context of traced symmetric monoidal categories. To do so, we introduce a typed, sum-free version of an abstract tensor system and demonstrate the construction of its associated category. We then show that the associated category of the free abstract tensor system is in fact the free traced symmetric monoidal category on a monoidal signature. A notable consequence of this result is a simple proof for the soundness and completeness of the diagrammatic language for traced symmetric monoidal categories.Comment: Dedicated to Joachim Lambek on the occasion of his 90th birthda