Användande av produkt- och produktionsstrategier bland industriella bostadsbyggare

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utreda begreppen produktstrategi och produktionsstrategi samt hur begreppen appliceras inom det industriella byggandet. Syftet är också att den framtagna informationen ska öka kunskapen kring produkt- och produktionsstrategier bland de industriella byggarna samt utreda vikten av integration mellan de båda. Problemställning: Vad innebär begreppen produktstrategi och produktionsstrategi inom det industriella byggandet? Hur arbetar industriella byggare i branschen med produkt- och produktionsstrategier? Hur ser integrationen mellan produkt- och produktionsstrategi ut för industriella byggkoncept idag? Metod: Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie där fyra olika industriella byggkoncept har undersökts. Kvalitativ data till fallstudien inhämtades genom företagsbesök, fördjupande samtal och observationer. En litteraturstudie genomfördes också för att få ökad kunskap i ämnet och en bra grund att bygga analysen på

A Phase II Trial of AZD6244 (Selumetinib, ARRY-142886), an Oral MEK1/2 Inhibitor, in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

AZD6244 is a MEK1/2 inhibitor with significant preclinical activity in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. This phase 2 study used a two-stage Simon design to determine the AZD6244 response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory MM

Tillämpningen av armlängdsprincipen : En studie om hur tillämpningen av armlängdsprincipen påverkas av Skatteverkets ökade fokus på internprissättning

The arm’s length principle has existed in Swedish law since 1928 but has previously been given little attention. In 2007, documentation requirements were introduced, and the government began to do tax audits regarding transfer pricing. This thesis examines how the documentation requirements and tax audits affect the application of the arm's length principle.   The research consists of nine interviews with a total of ten people at the tax authority (Skatteverket) and audit- and consulting agencies. The results of the interviews are analyzed using the agency theory.   Many companies are risk averse and prefer having correct transfer pricing instead of taking on challenging strategies that can be risky in case of an investigation by Skatteverket. There can be a conflict between following the arm’s length principle and designing transfer prices in a way that best suits the business. The fact that, in the past, tax has often not been taken into account when designing transfer pricing strategies means that big adjustments may be needed to ensure that prices are at market value. The cost for necessary adjustments can be larger than the cost for the tax surcharge a tax audit would lead to. In that case most companies choose not to adjust their transfer prices. Armlängdsprincipen, som innebär att internprissättning måste vara marknadsmässig, har funnits i svensk lag sedan 1928 men har tidigare ägnats begränsad uppmärksamhet och vaknat till liv först nu. I denna uppsats undersöks hur armlängdsprincipens tillämpning påverkas av dokumentationskravet för internprissättning som infördes 2007 och Skatteverkets ökade fokus på internprissättning.   En kvalitativ undersökning har genomförts bestående av nio intervjuer med totalt tio personer hos Skatteverket och rådgivare som arbetar med internprissättning. Resultatet av intervjuerna analyseras med stöd av agentteorin.   En stor del av företagen vill undvika risk och hellre göra rätt för sig från början än att ha en mer utmanande strategi som innebär en risk för att Skatteverket inte kan godkänna internprissättningen vid en eventuell granskning. Affärsmässiga skäl kan dock stå i vägen för en internprissättning utformad i enlighet med armlängdsprincipen. Det faktum att skatt sällan tagits i beaktning tidigare, vid utformandet av internprissättning, gör att det kan röra sig om mycket stora justeringar som skulle behöva göras. Kostnaderna för nödvändiga justeringar kan överstiga kostnaden som ett eventuellt skattetillägg skulle medföra. De flesta företag väljer i dessa fall bort att tillämpa armlängdsprincipen

"It's not wrong for a girl to play with dolls or a boy to play with cars” : A qualitative study on how preschool teachers construct gender in the choice of play materials

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur förskollärare konstruerar genus utifrån val av lekmaterial inom den fria leken i förskolans inomhusmiljö. Studien har utgått från det socialkonstruktionistiska perspektivet och den kvalitativa metoden där semistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer använts som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet visar att förskollärares konstruktion av genus utifrån val av lekmaterial sker utifrån styrdokument och lagar samt en kombination av könsneutralt, könskodat och könsöverskridande arbetssätt, med en följsamhet för barns intresse och att de ska uppleva leken som meningsfullt. Studien visar på hur konstruktion av genus kan formas när inte förskollärarnas egna erfarenheter och värderingar om genus står i fokus, utan utifrån ett samspel med de normer och värden som styrdokument och lagar framhåller samt ett medvetet pedagogiskt arbetssätt.

The daily life after stroke : Experiences from adults younger than 65 years

Background: Every year the number of young and middle-aged persons who receive stroke are increasing. Stroke is often considered as a disease of old people. A stroke often leads to changes in life. The consequences can be cognitive impairments and movement disabilities. These consequences can have a high impact of the person's life. Aim: The aim was to describe experiences of daily life after a stroke from the perspective of adults younger than 65 years old. Method: To analyze data, Friberg's (2012) method aimed to contribute to evidence-based care based on analyzing qualitative research, was used. Ten scientific articles were chosen and analyzed. Results: The result showed that adults younger than 65 who suffered from a stroke experiences a lot of difficulties in life afterwards. The analyze process generated four categories and nine subcategories. The four categories are "an altered work situation", "lack in rehabilitation", "to loose myself", "difficulties in social meetings". Conclusion: The study showed that rehabilitation is very important for adults younger than 65 who suffered from a stroke. Their experiences showed a lack in rehabilitation when it comes to their age category. To go back to work, live family life and participate in other social events is important. It's different to suffer from a stroke at younger age when it comes to their needs. Health staff should be aware of these needs

The daily life after stroke : Experiences from adults younger than 65 years

Background: Every year the number of young and middle-aged persons who receive stroke are increasing. Stroke is often considered as a disease of old people. A stroke often leads to changes in life. The consequences can be cognitive impairments and movement disabilities. These consequences can have a high impact of the person's life. Aim: The aim was to describe experiences of daily life after a stroke from the perspective of adults younger than 65 years old. Method: To analyze data, Friberg's (2012) method aimed to contribute to evidence-based care based on analyzing qualitative research, was used. Ten scientific articles were chosen and analyzed. Results: The result showed that adults younger than 65 who suffered from a stroke experiences a lot of difficulties in life afterwards. The analyze process generated four categories and nine subcategories. The four categories are "an altered work situation", "lack in rehabilitation", "to loose myself", "difficulties in social meetings". Conclusion: The study showed that rehabilitation is very important for adults younger than 65 who suffered from a stroke. Their experiences showed a lack in rehabilitation when it comes to their age category. To go back to work, live family life and participate in other social events is important. It's different to suffer from a stroke at younger age when it comes to their needs. Health staff should be aware of these needs

Patients' Perceptions of Person-Centered Care in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Qualitative Study

ObjectiveMost research on patient experiences of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care is performed with patients who have established RA and less often with patients with early RA. Experiences of and expectations about health care may change over time, which is why the aim was to explore patients’ perceptions of person-centered care (PCC) early in the RA disease course.MethodsThirty-one patients with early RA were interviewed in this qualitative study. An abductive qualitative content analysis was conducted based on the framework of McCormack and McCance (1,2). The four constructs, prerequisites, care environment, person-centered processes, and person-centered outcomes, constituted the four categories in the deductive part of the study. An inductive analysis generated 11 subcategories exploring the content of PCC.ResultsFor patients with early RA, PCC was described in terms of 1) prerequisites including being treated with respect, meeting dedicated health care professionals, and meeting professional competence; 2) care environment including having access to a multidisciplinary team, having access to health care, and encountering a supportive organization; 3) person-centered processes including being listened to, being supported, and being involved in decision-making; and 4) person-centered outcomes including being satisfied with received health care and achieving optimal health.ConclusionGenuine PCC is important for patients early in the RA disease course, supporting the implementation of a person-centered approach during all stages in the health care system. This study contributes to information about how to further develop person-centeredness in rheumatology care