THE STATUS OF THE COMMON CRANE (\u3ci\u3eGRUS GRUS\u3c/i\u3e) IN EUROPE - BREEDING, RESTING, MIGRATION, WINTERING, AND PROTECTION

At present, about 160,000 and 100,000 cranes are migrating on the West-European and on the Baltic-Hungarian routes, respectively, from the northern, middle, and northeastern parts of Europe. On both routes, the resting maxima, simultaneously determined since the 1980’s, has increased three-fold. This increase in migratory cranes is the result of shorter migration routes with higher return rates, a growing passage from the northwestern part of Russia beginning in the 1990’s, and a protected status in the European Union at breeding as well as at many resting and wintering sites. Hence, the cranes learn to find and use new breeding and resting locations. Further changes in the migratory behaviour are a 2 to 4 weeks earlier return of the brood-birds in spring and a likewise delayed departure of the last crane groups in autumn. Wintering locations in Western Europe have been shifted to the north: in 1980/81 some 100 cranes wintered in France, whereas in 2000/2001 there were about 68,000 birds doing so. In several European countries there are working groups for the protection of cranes. Every year, the German group organizes an internal meeting to co-ordinate activities. Its mostly honorary members supervise the protection of the breeding and resting places over the whole country. About 50 autumn resting places with 200 up to 50,000 cranes at maximum, are systematically watched by the experts. The state co-ordinator enters the data obtained into an annual synopsis. A survey of crane resting in Germany over 25 years is available. The European Crane Working Group co-ordinates the protective strategies, data acquisition, and ringing of birds. It supports public relations, the exchange of information, scientific research, and European Crane Workshops. The positive development of the crane population in Europe is the result of the cooperation of all parties concerned. It convincingly shows that intense cultivation of the land can be consistent with successful execution of essential protective measures

An Investigation of a Teacher Education Program and the Hiring of Newly Certified Teachers in At-Risk and Non-At-Risk Schools

Research has shown teachers are the most important factor when determining student success, even with the field of education in a constant state of uncertainty. Schools all over the nation are struggling to acquire quality teachers into their buildings, and teacher preparation programs are having a difficult time producing enough teacher candidates. This study investigated what initial jobs students choose to take in their first year after completing an educational degree from one study university’s teacher preparation program, through numerous secondary data points and a participant survey. The quantitative data suggests that recent graduates are just as likely to go to an at-risk or failing school as they are to go to a non-at-risk school, which did not necessarily align with qualitative results. The qualitative data conveyed that decisions on employment were made using a myriad of factors, and there were no data suggesting that one specific idea or factor was more important than another. Recommendations include more collaboration between teacher preparation programs and school districts, as well as varied and increased student teaching experiences for teacher candidates

Musculoskeletal Imaging Education in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program

Title: Musculoskeletal Imaging Education in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program Authors: Rebecca Lancaster, SPT1; Chaz Sak-Ocbina, SPT1; Travis Muraoka, SPT1; Robert Boyles, PT, DSc, OCS, FAAOMPT1 Affiliation: 1. The School of Physical Therapy, University of Puget Sound Purpose: Physical Therapists (PTs) are commonly referred to as the musculoskeletal experts in the medical field. As direct access laws have passed, PTs now must demonstrate appropriate clinical decision making and select suitable patients to refer for imaging services. Evidence suggests that, with adequate imaging education, PTs decrease imaging and overall health care costs compared to other primary care providers. In certain settings, research has shown PTs to be comparable to orthopedic surgeons in the area of appropriate imaging referrals for patients. The APTA’s goal is for entry level DPT programs to partake in enough imaging education to provide PTs with imaging privileges. The purpose of this study is to survey the amount and type of imaging education received in one entry-level DPT program. Subjects: 70 Materials/Methods: From Jan. 2015 to May 2016, students from a DPT program participated in this survey. The survey measured the amount of imaging content students were exposed to during their didactic and clinical experiences. The modalities of focus included X-Ray, CT, MRI, Bone Scan, and Ultrasound. The categories were further broken down into body regions. Results: The study showed that the majority of imaging hours were experienced during the clinical internships. Total averages for on-site clinical experiences were 2.5 hours, and for off-site clinical internships were 41 hours. The totals average for the didactic portion included 34 hours over 5 academic semesters. Conclusion: In the DPT program surveyed, each student must complete 2 on-site clinical experiences and 3 full-time off-site clinical internship experiences, averaging up to 77.13 hours of imaging content exposure (32.60 spine and 44.53 extremity). Some students had no imaging exposure in their clinical experiences, but each student received a minimum of 27.75 hours (12.75 spine and 20 extremity) of imaging exposure during the didactic portion of the program. The fifth semester of the didactic portion includes elective courses which can affect the number of imaging exposure hours. The clinical experiences were variable depending on the clinical placement and the number of respondents to the survey. The survey reflects the responses of students in one DPT program only. Clinical Relevance: This is the first study to examine the actual contact hours related to musculoskeletal imaging within an entry-level DPT program. Educational programs can use this information, in combination with the APTA’s imaging education guidelines, when assessing their imaging education in order to better prepare students for the responsibility of appropriate imaging referral as future direct access healthcare providers. This survey is one of the first steps towards greater efficiency with imaging curriculum and improved patient outcomes in all physical therapy settings. References: 1. American Physical Therapy Association. Imaging education manual for doctorate of physical therapy professional degree programs. Alexandria, VA: APTA; 2015. 2. Boissonnault WG, White DM, Carney S, Malin B, Smith W. Diagnostic and procedural imaging curricula in physical therapist professional degree programs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(8):579-B12. 3. Boyles RE, Gorman I, Pinto D, Ross MD. Physical therapist practice and the role of diagnostic imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41(11):829-837. 4. Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Diagnostic and procedural imaging in physical therapist practice. May, 2016. Keywords: imaging, MRI, X-ray, ultrasound, education, direct access, imaging exposure, DPT curriculu

Comparative dimensions of social housing in Arhus and Newcastle, 1890s-1979 : the problem of the political culture of two social housing systems

Denmark, being a much smaller country than Britain, has, in absolute terms, a smaller housing problem. Nevertheless, there are surely lessons to be learned from the highly successful system which the Danish people and Government have worked out for themselves. A housing society, or some equivalent organization, provided for each separate region or sub-region in Great Britain might offer a solution to the difficult [sic.] that design for our working-class housing is under the controls of councils of very varying degrees of technical knowledge, which then have to be prodded and supervised to some extent by various Government departments. The housing society seems an admirable compromise, provided that it can be kept on the completely non-profit making basis that is successfully secured in Denmark. Ian Bowen, Housing Policy in Denmark, The Architects' Journal, August 4, 1949, p.133 A generation of competent technicians and fearless, idealistic politicians [in Britain] have been able to make a contribution which will persist as a good example of the capabilities of the present and as an incomparable field of study for others who are working in planning. Aage Jedich, Report from Holme-Tranbjerg Council Committee's visit to England, 12.07.19631 A comparison of the housing provided by two cities within separate nation states may encourage a mutually admiring gaze from each position. Comparisons have provided a tool in learning about new housing practices, understanding one's own position from a different vantage point and throwing light on areas that may have remained unquestioned until a visit abroad revealed different approaches to a similar problem. As the quotes above suggest, professional groups involved in the provision of housing and urban planning in post-war Denmark and Britain held each other's national strategies in high regard as they contemplated their local problems of creating spaces for effective urban communities. It will become clear for the cities studied in this thesis that local councillors, public officials and social housing providers at times sought to explore the wider areas of learning that practices abroad could offer. Yet the main approach adopted in this thesis is the comparative historical approach: the thesis studies the origins and history of social housing systems in Arhus, Denmark, and Newcastle, Britain. The comparison creates contrasts and similarities between the two cities through an urban social history approach. The key theme explored in the work is the notions of local democratic culture arising within the social housing systems of the two cities covering most of the twentieth century, but with an emphasis on the period 1945-1979. The introduction will discuss themes running through the work and will consider how the structure of the thesis allows for the comparison to illuminate aspects of the local political culture of the two cities that was directly affected by and affected in turn the local provision of social housing. Like most Western European cities in the twentieth century Arhus and Newcastle faced the problems of providing adequate housing for large groups of working people as the cities grew or older housing types became outdated. The study examines the options and strategies that were explored and adopted by the housing authorities in the two cities to recover from slumps in housing provision. It is clear that each city approached housing provision through different groups of facilitators: in Arhus, as in Denmark in general, the housing association was the primary generator of social housing, while Newcastle followed the British pattern — providing social housing through the municipality. Thus the agency of provision was different in the two cases from the outset. How the mediating influence of housing associations between the Arhusian Council and residents in social housing contrasted with the direct provision of council housing in Newcastle is a key issue for the the...EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceNorthumbria UniversityGBUnited Kingdo

Folk on Tyne : Tyneside culture and the second folk revival, 1950-1975

This thesis explores the nature of the second folk revival in the North East of England. While there have been several major studies of the various national folk revivals during the 1950s, '60s and '70s, there is a paucity of scholarly accounts viewed through a regional lens. This study therefore builds on a common perception of North Eastern regional particularity to establish the ways in which the folk revival as experienced by its members within the region was distinct from that detailed in the literature on the wider (inter-)national folk scene. Using comparative examples drawn from the regional and international folk movements, the thesis contextualizes and differentiates the general trends within the second revival as a whole and its North Eastern manifestation. There are some evident discrepancies relating, for example, to levels of political involvement in the respective folk scenes but also broad similarities in chronological developments. These trends are explored through a number of themes, beginning with the weaving of a constructed regional folk-cultural identity out of a diversity of ethnic, local and occupational strands. Secondly, the common assumption that the North East is a region with a rare continuity of traditions is interrogated, alongside an acknowledgement that this was a time of rapid social change, mobility and dislocation from older cultural practices. The basic dichotomy of 'mediator' and `mediated' is questioned and found wanting, particularly in a region where young revivalists were rarely far — temporally, geographically or socially - from the source of their tradition. The ways in which the media represented and altered folk traditions, and how these representations were used to build regional consciousness is considered, as are the 1960s developments in heritage and tourism which saw vernacular culture taking on a much greater significance in the region's economy. Further, celebratory imagery is shown to have a long history in musical representations of the region, but with a contemporary focus on stoicism in the face of decline. Finally, the reasons behind the folklorists' imperative to locate the `authentic' are sought in relative degrees of alienation from contemporary society, resulting in a dissolution of the barriers between 'genuine' and 'invented' tradition.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

DigitalCommons Report: 2010-2021

This report represents a summary of activity from November 2010 thru November 2021

Effect of Process Parameters and Build Orientation on Microstructure and Impact Energy of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fused Ti-6Al-4V

To fully exploit the benefits of additive manufacturing (AM), an understanding of its processing, microstructural, and mechanical aspects, and their interdependent characteristics, is necessary. In certain instances, AM materials may be desired for applications where impact toughness is a key property, such as in gas turbine fan blades, where foreign or direct object damage may occur. In this research, the impact energy of a series of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced via electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF) was established via Charpy impact testing. Specimens were produced with five different processing parameter sets, in both the vertical and horizontal build orientation, with microstructural characteristics of prior β grain area, prior β grain width, and α lath width determined in the build direction. The results reveal that horizontally oriented specimens have a lower impact energy compared to those built in the vertical orientation, due to the influence of epitaxial grain growth in the build direction. Relationships between process parameters, microstructural characteristics, and impact energy results were evaluated, with beam velocity displaying the strongest trend in terms of impact energy results, and normalised energy density exhibiting the most significant influence across all microstructural measurement