Angiotensin {II}-induced redox-sensitive {SGLT}1 and 2 expression promotes high glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence

High glucose (HG)-induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Empagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose co-transporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients but the protective mechanism remains unclear. This study examines the role of SGLT2 in HG-induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Porcine coronary artery cultured endothelial cells (ECs) or segments were exposed to HG (25 mmol/L) before determination of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, protein level by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, mRNA by RT-PCR, nitric oxide (NO) by electron paramagnetic resonance, oxidative stress using dihydroethidium and glucose uptake using 2-NBD-glucose. HG increased ECs senescence markers and oxidative stress, down-regulated eNOS expression and NO formation, and induced the expression of VCAM-1, tissue factor, and the local angiotensin system, all these effects were prevented by empagliflozin. Empagliflozin and LX-4211 (dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor) reduced glucose uptake stimulated by HG and H2O2 in ECs. HG increased SGLT1 and 2 protein levels in cultured ECs and native endothelium. Inhibition of the angiotensin system prevented HG-induced ECs senescence and SGLT1 and 2 expression. Thus, HG-induced ECs ageing is driven by the local angiotensin system via the redox-sensitive up-regulation of SGLT1 and 2, and, in turn, enhanced glucotoxicity

Caractérisation des microvésicules comme biomarqueurs de suivi de la greffe d'îlots pancréatiques et de l'efficacité thérapeutique dans l'athérosclérose en pathologies humaines

Microvesicles (MVs) are circulating markers that reflect cellular activation during graft dysfunction and atherothrombosis. Data on graft tissue MVs or vessel are scarce. The longitudinal follow-up of 19 patients with pancreatic islets transplants showed that circulating MV-PSA-NCAM+ typifying the early graft loss of islet graft prior its detection using the clinical and biological markers of graft loss. In addition, the kinetics release of leukocyte, endothelial and hepatic MV suggest their interest in identifying the cause of graft loss and in monitoring of immunosuppression. Using a new tissular MV mild extraction process validated with arteriosclerotic plaques, we evidenced an accumulation of pro-senescent MVs in the aorta of old rats that was significantly reduced by EPA: DHA (6 :1) intake as well as their pro-senescent properties on coronary artery endothelial cell cultures. Altogether, the pharmacological control of the release of noxious MVs using vessel cytoprotectors would limit the consequences of endothelial senescence.Les Microvésicules (MVs) sont des marqueurs circulants de l’activation cellulaire au cours de la dysfonction du greffon et l’athérothrombose. Les MVs de la cellule bêta ou intratissulaires vasculaires, sont peu connues. Le suivi longitudinal de 19 patients transplantés d’îlots pancréatiques par les MV- PSA-NCAM+ sanguines témoigne d’une altération précoce du greffon avant l’identification des marqueurs clinique et biologique de la perte du greffon. La cinétique de libération des MVs leucocytaires, endothéliales et hépatiques suggère leur intérêt pour l’identification de la cause de la perte du greffon et pour la surveillance de l'immunosuppression. Après validation d’une méthode d’extraction douce des MVs tissulaires sur des plaques d’athérome, nous avons mesuré l’accumulation de MVs pro-sénescentes dans l’aorte de rats âgés, qui étaient réduite par l’ingestion d’EPA : DHA (6 :1), avec une baisse des propriétés pro-sénescentes identifiée sur les cellules endothéliales d’artères coronaires en culture. Le contrôle des MV nocives par cytoprotecteur du vaisseau réduirait la sénescence endothéliale

Characterization of microvesicles as biomarkers to monitor pancreatic islets graft dysfunction and therapeutic efficacy in atherosclerosis on human pathologies

Les Microvésicules (MVs) sont des marqueurs circulants de l’activation cellulaire au cours de la dysfonction du greffon et l’athérothrombose. Les MVs de la cellule bêta ou intratissulaires vasculaires, sont peu connues. Le suivi longitudinal de 19 patients transplantés d’îlots pancréatiques par les MV- PSA-NCAM+ sanguines témoigne d’une altération précoce du greffon avant l’identification des marqueurs clinique et biologique de la perte du greffon. La cinétique de libération des MVs leucocytaires, endothéliales et hépatiques suggère leur intérêt pour l’identification de la cause de la perte du greffon et pour la surveillance de l'immunosuppression. Après validation d’une méthode d’extraction douce des MVs tissulaires sur des plaques d’athérome, nous avons mesuré l’accumulation de MVs pro-sénescentes dans l’aorte de rats âgés, qui étaient réduite par l’ingestion d’EPA : DHA (6 :1), avec une baisse des propriétés pro-sénescentes identifiée sur les cellules endothéliales d’artères coronaires en culture. Le contrôle des MV nocives par cytoprotecteur du vaisseau réduirait la sénescence endothéliale.Microvesicles (MVs) are circulating markers that reflect cellular activation during graft dysfunction and atherothrombosis. Data on graft tissue MVs or vessel are scarce. The longitudinal follow-up of 19 patients with pancreatic islets transplants showed that circulating MV-PSA-NCAM+ typifying the early graft loss of islet graft prior its detection using the clinical and biological markers of graft loss. In addition, the kinetics release of leukocyte, endothelial and hepatic MV suggest their interest in identifying the cause of graft loss and in monitoring of immunosuppression. Using a new tissular MV mild extraction process validated with arteriosclerotic plaques, we evidenced an accumulation of pro-senescent MVs in the aorta of old rats that was significantly reduced by EPA: DHA (6 :1) intake as well as their pro-senescent properties on coronary artery endothelial cell cultures. Altogether, the pharmacological control of the release of noxious MVs using vessel cytoprotectors would limit the consequences of endothelial senescence

Characterization of microvesicles as biomarkers to monitor pancreatic islets graft dysfunction and therapeutic efficacy in atherosclerosis on human pathologies

Les Microvésicules (MVs) sont des marqueurs circulants de l’activation cellulaire au cours de la dysfonction du greffon et l’athérothrombose. Les MVs de la cellule bêta ou intratissulaires vasculaires, sont peu connues. Le suivi longitudinal de 19 patients transplantés d’îlots pancréatiques par les MV- PSA-NCAM+ sanguines témoigne d’une altération précoce du greffon avant l’identification des marqueurs clinique et biologique de la perte du greffon. La cinétique de libération des MVs leucocytaires, endothéliales et hépatiques suggère leur intérêt pour l’identification de la cause de la perte du greffon et pour la surveillance de l'immunosuppression. Après validation d’une méthode d’extraction douce des MVs tissulaires sur des plaques d’athérome, nous avons mesuré l’accumulation de MVs pro-sénescentes dans l’aorte de rats âgés, qui étaient réduite par l’ingestion d’EPA : DHA (6 :1), avec une baisse des propriétés pro-sénescentes identifiée sur les cellules endothéliales d’artères coronaires en culture. Le contrôle des MV nocives par cytoprotecteur du vaisseau réduirait la sénescence endothéliale.Microvesicles (MVs) are circulating markers that reflect cellular activation during graft dysfunction and atherothrombosis. Data on graft tissue MVs or vessel are scarce. The longitudinal follow-up of 19 patients with pancreatic islets transplants showed that circulating MV-PSA-NCAM+ typifying the early graft loss of islet graft prior its detection using the clinical and biological markers of graft loss. In addition, the kinetics release of leukocyte, endothelial and hepatic MV suggest their interest in identifying the cause of graft loss and in monitoring of immunosuppression. Using a new tissular MV mild extraction process validated with arteriosclerotic plaques, we evidenced an accumulation of pro-senescent MVs in the aorta of old rats that was significantly reduced by EPA: DHA (6 :1) intake as well as their pro-senescent properties on coronary artery endothelial cell cultures. Altogether, the pharmacological control of the release of noxious MVs using vessel cytoprotectors would limit the consequences of endothelial senescence

Feasibility of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Telemetry System in an Inpatient Diabetes Unit: A Pilot Study

International audienceBACKGROUND: Hospitalization of persons with diabetes in an inpatient diabetes unit is challenging, notably for patients having different profiles. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and the benefit of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) telemetry system to control glucose excursions in hospitalized patients with diabetes, according to their diabetes type and the reasons for their hospitalization. METHOD: A prospective pilot study was conducted in 53 insulin-requiring diabetes patients hospitalized in the general ward. Glucose was monitored using Guardian Connect (GC, Medtronic) to adopt insulin therapy. The time in range (TIR, target 70-180 mg/dL), the time below range (TBR), and the time above range (TAR) were recorded by GC between the start of hospitalization (SH) and end of hospitalization (EH), and analyzed according to the diabetes type (type 1 diabetes n = 28, type 2 diabetes n = 25) and the reasons for hospitalization (acute complications n = 35, therapeutic education n = 18). Patient and caregiver satisfaction was also assessed. RESULTS: In patients with type 2 diabetes and those hospitalized for acute complications, TIR significantly increased between the SH and EH, from 75.7% (95%CI 48.5-84.6) to 82.2% (95%CI 63.2-91.8) P = 0.043 and from 58.3% (95%CI 46.3-69.7) to 66.4% (95%CI 55.6-75.5) P = 0.031, respectively, and TAR significantly decreased, with no change in TBR. In patients with diabetes hospitalized for therapeutic education, TBR significantly decreased from 3.4% (95%CI 0-9.4) to 0% (95%CI 0-3.8) P = 0.037. Finally, 94% of patients and caregivers deemed the GC system useful. CONCLUSIONS: CGM telemetry system use is feasible and well accepted in patients hospitalized in diabetes care unit and could be useful to improve therapeutic education and metabolic control, especially for specific homogenous populations with diabetes

Intake of omega-3 formulation EPA:DHA 6:1 by old rats for 2 weeks improved endothelium-dependent relaxations and normalized the expression level of ACE/AT1R/NADPH oxidase and the formation of ROS in the mesenteric artery

International audienceOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to protect the cardiovascular system, in part, by stimulating the endothelial formation of nitric oxide (NO). EPA:DHA 6:1 has been identified as a potent omega 3 PUFA formulation to induce endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This study examined whether intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 (500 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks improves an established endothelial dysfunction in old rats (20 months old), and, if so, the underlying mechanism was subsequently determined. In the main mesenteric artery rings, an endothelial dysfunction characterized by a blunted NO component, an abolished endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization component, and increased endothelium-dependent contractile responses (EDCFs) are observed in old rats compared to young rats. Age-related endothelial dysfunction was associated with increased vascular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of eNOS, components of the local angiotensin system, senescence markers, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the downregulation of COX-1. The EPA:DHA 6:1 treatment improved the NO-mediated relaxation, reduced the EDCF-dependent contractile response and the vascular formation of ROS, and normalized the expression level of all target proteins in the old arterial wall. Thus, the present findings indicate that a 2-week intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 by old rats restored endotheliumdependent NO-mediated relaxations, most likely, by preventing the upregulation of the local angiotensin system and the subsequent formation of ROS

In Vitro Impact of Pro-Senescent Endothelial Microvesicles on Isolated Pancreatic Rat Islets Function

Background: Ischemia-driven islet isolation procedure is one of the limiting causes of pancreatic islet transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion process is associated with endothelium dysfunction and the release of pro-senescent microvesicles. We investigated whether pro-senescent endothelial microvesicles prompt islet senescence and dysfunction in vitro.Material and methods: Pancreatic islets were isolated from male young rats. Replicative endothelial senescence was induced by serial passaging of primary porcine coronary artery endothelial cells, and microvesicles were isolated either from young passage 1 (P1) or senescent passage 3 (P3) endothelial cells. Islet viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and Western blot. Function was assessed by insulin secretion and islet senescence markers p53, p21, and p16 by Western blot. Microvesicles were stained by the PKH26 lipid fluorescent probe and their islet integration assessed by microscopy and flow cytometry.Results: Regardless of the passage, half microvesicles were integrated in target islets after 24 hours incubation. Insulin secretion significantly decreased after treatment by senescent microvesicles (P3: 1.7 ± 0.2 vs untreated islet: 2.7 ± 0.2, P < .05) without altering the islet viability (89.47% ± 1.69 vs 93.15% ± 0.97) and with no significant apoptosis. Senescent microvesicles significantly doubled the expression of p53, p21, and p16 (P < .05), whereas young microvesicles had no significant effect.Conclusion: Pro-senescent endothelial microvesicles specifically accelerate the senescence of islets and alter their function. These data suggest that islet isolation contributes to endothelial driven islet senescence

Assessment of plasma microvesicles to monitor pancreatic islet graft dysfunction: Beta cell‐ and leukocyte‐derived microvesicles as specific features in a pilot longitudinal study

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Ageing enhances the shedding of splenocyte microvesicles with endothelial pro-senescent effect that is prevented by a short-term intake of omega-3 PUFA EPA:DHA 6:1

International audienceAgeing enhances the shedding of splenocyte microvesicles with endothelial pro-senescent effect that is prevented by a short-term intake of omega-3 PUFA EPA:DHA 6:1