Plastic surgery 整容

The idea of the ‘plastic surgery’ project comes from the notion of change in dress and appearance. Just as human beings can change their faces through plastic surgery, likewise their outfits can be changed by using design ideas that involve change, puzzle and technology... 這個名為「整容」的項目，理念源自衣着與外表恆常變化的概念。正如整容能改變人類的容貌，在設計中引入變化、拼貼和科技的概念，也能令服裝煥然一新... Award: Silver奬項: 銀

A scoping review of literature on labour market integration of newly arrived refugees in Norway. Report from a systematic literature search

This systematic scoping review explores and summarizes the body of literature in both English and Norwegian published between 2015 to August 2019 on the topic of labour market integration of refugees in Norway. The review is centred upon the research question “What research have been done about labour market integration of recently arrived refugees in Norway?” During the process, a protocol was designed and followed. Over two hundred articles were initially identified through systematic searches on databases using specific keywords strings, then screened by two different reviewers. Based on a set of inclusion criteria to assess their relevance to the research topic, 87 of them are subsequently selected in this scoping review, which comprises a collection of 51 articles from 28 English and Norwegian academic journals, 17 postgraduate theses from 11 Norwegian universities, and 16 other books and reports from municipalities, reputable publishers and research institutions. This review offers a descriptive analysis of this identified body of literature, including the distribution of articles in Norwegian and English, their topics, research methods, data sources, and types of publication to show the current trend observed in this defined field in the Norwegian context. The report also includes an introduction to the method of systematic literature review and documents the process of conducting this scoping review. The major findings about the patterns in most recent research on the labour market integration of refugees in Norway are as follows: • Only one-fifth of the articles are written in English, the rest are in Norwegian • Most of the included literature are about the introduction programme at the national level or in international comparisons; about one-fifth are studies at municipal level. • There is strong and sustained interest in studies about the outcomes of measures or the administration of the introduction programme, but only about a quarter of them involves interviews with refugees. • Other themes that interest researchers include the roles of civil society and personal networks in integration processes, and the experience and outcomes of female refugees and other immigrants.publishedVersio

Children born prematurely: Cognitive outcomes and preliminary findings for subsequent intervention

Well-established evidence shows that children born preterm/low birth weight (LBW) are at increased risk of academic difficulties (Lee, Yeatman, Luna, & Feldman, 2011; Pritchard et al., 2009) and, despite global IQ scores within the normal range, nonetheless display lower academic performance than their same age peers (Bhutta, Cleves, Casey, Cradock, & Anand, 2002; Kerr-Wilson, Mackay, Smith, & Pell, 2011). This is not fully understood and previous attempts to improve these circumstances through means of cognitive intervention have met with little success. Therefore, the current thesis investigates possible underlying mechanisms of this intellectual disparity and tests the effectiveness of one potential intervention. In doing so, the studies presented focus specifically on fluid intelligence (Taub, 2002). The investigation through fluid intelligence is relatively novel in the current literature and therefore worthy of further exploration. Normal individual differences in fluid intelligence have been explained with reference to information processing parameters. Previous studies have shown that children born preterm/LBW have impairments in basic processes identified with executive function (Aarnoudse-Moens, Smidts, Oosterlaan, Duivenvoorden, & Weisglas-Kuperus, 2009; Mulder, Pitchford, Hagger, & Marlow, 2009). However, the current study is the first to test whether differences in fluid intelligence, as measured by the Cattell Culture Fair Tests, between preterm (n = 217) and typically developing children (n = 145) could be accounted for by differences in working memory and cognitive flexibility, as measured by the digit span tasks and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test respectively. Results indicate that the seven to nine years old preterm cohort performed less well on measures of fluid intelligence than their peers across all age groups and their differences were partially mediated by both working memory and cognitive flexibility in a multiple mediation analysis. It also identified at least one year of developmental delay in fluid intelligence between the clinical group and their peers. Provided with evidence from Study 1 and parallel research suggesting that computerized working memory training may enhance working memory and fluid intelligence in non-clinical groups (Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Jonides, & Perrig, 2008; Klingberg, Forssberg, & Westerberg, 2002; Studer et al., 2009), the second goal of this thesis was to conduct a preliminary study to investigate the feasibility of cognitive training for children born preterm/LBW. Therefore, in the second study, the utility of a brief adaptive working memory span training program (Buschkuehl, Jaeggi, Kobel, & Perrig, 2008) was tested in typically developing children. Sixty-three children, aged seven to nine years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Intervention, active control and passive control. The intervention group was trained in the adaptive version of the working memory span task and the active control group was trained in the nonadaptive version. Both groups trained for 15 minutes each day for a duration of 20 days. Participants in the passive control group participated only in pre and post assessments. All participants were assessed using the digit span and spatial span tasks for measuring working memory, the Stroop task for measuring executive control, a reaction time task for measuring processing speed and the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices for measuring fluid intelligence. Results indicate that children in the intervention group improved on their trained task and demonstrated significant far transfer effects on the assessment of fluid intelligence compared to both control groups. However, no near transfer to other measures was found. The reason behind the occurrence of far transfer effect without evidence of near transfer effects was unclear. However, given that the adaptive complex working memory training task was not in any way similar to the fluid intelligence measure, significant differences in fluid intelligence gains were unlikely to have been a consequence of practice or general familiarity effects but, rather, a consequence of the training. Although Study 1 identified that working memory and cognitive flexibility partially mediate birth status-related differences in Gf, the impact of these variables on academic performance in children born preterm is still unknown. Nonetheless, current evidence of far transfer to fluid intelligence after adaptive complex working memory span training provides support for the utility of WM training and modifiability in Gf. This in turn provides a preliminary evidence-base approach for psychologists to work toward providing neuro-remediation treatment options to targeted clinical groups, such as those born preterm with fluid intelligence deficiencies. In combination, the outcomes of these two studies provide both a theoretical contribution to our understanding of the deficits observed in children born preterm and an applied contribution to beginning the process of developing appropriate intervention programmes suitable for this clinical group in the future, with hopeful prospects for improving cognitive outcomes

Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods for Power System Security Assessment with Limited Dataset

This thesis concerns the relationship between the load, load model, and power system stability. It investigates the possibility of developing a dynamic load model to represent the power system load characteristic during system faults when the power system operates at a high percentage of the power generation from wind farms, solar power, and vehicle-to-grid technology. Additionally, with artificial intelligence supporting the seamless integration of an increasingly distributed and multi-directional power system to unlock the vast potential of renewables, new approaches are proposed to improve the training performance for the applications of artificial neural networks in non-intrusive load monitoring and dynamic security assessment. An improved hybrid load model is proposed to represent the load characteristics in the above power system operation. Genetic algorithms and the multi-curve identification method are applied to determine the parameters of the load model, aiming to minimize the error between the estimated and measured values. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid load model has a reasonably low fitting error to represent the load dynamics. In addition, new approaches are proposed to tackle the challenges posed by limited data when training artificial neural networks (ANNs) for their application in power systems. The knowledge transfer approach is utilized to support the ANN training to generate synthetic data for non-intrusive load monitoring. The results indicate that this approach improves the issue of mode collapse and reduces the need for lengthy training iterations, making the ANN effective for generating synthetic data from limited data. Moreover, the knowledge transfer approach also supports ANN training with limited data for dynamic security assessment. Kernel principal component analysis is employed to eliminate the dimensionality reduction step. The results indicate an improvement in the training performance

Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods for Power System Security Assessment with Limited Dataset

This thesis concerns the relationship between the load, load model, and power system stability. It investigates the possibility of developing a dynamic load model to represent the power system load characteristic during system faults when the power system operates at a high percentage of the power generation from wind farms, solar power, and vehicle-to-grid technology. Additionally, with artificial intelligence supporting the seamless integration of an increasingly distributed and multi-directional power system to unlock the vast potential of renewables, new approaches are proposed to improve the training performance for the applications of artificial neural networks in non-intrusive load monitoring and dynamic security assessment. An improved hybrid load model is proposed to represent the load characteristics in the above power system operation. Genetic algorithms and the multi-curve identification method are applied to determine the parameters of the load model, aiming to minimize the error between the estimated and measured values. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid load model has a reasonably low fitting error to represent the load dynamics. In addition, new approaches are proposed to tackle the challenges posed by limited data when training artificial neural networks (ANNs) for their application in power systems. The knowledge transfer approach is utilized to support the ANN training to generate synthetic data for non-intrusive load monitoring. The results indicate that this approach improves the issue of mode collapse and reduces the need for lengthy training iterations, making the ANN effective for generating synthetic data from limited data. Moreover, the knowledge transfer approach also supports ANN training with limited data for dynamic security assessment. Kernel principal component analysis is employed to eliminate the dimensionality reduction step. The results indicate an improvement in the training performance

《現代》雜誌研究 : 翻譯與創作

《現代》雜誌於一九三二年五月創刊，共出版三十四期，其間曾刊登一百 四十二篇翻譯詩、小說及散文，當中以詩和小說為主。《現代》雜誌普通被認為 是現代主義刊物，但通過翻譯小說，亦可見其現實主義的一面。另一方面，雜 誌所刊登的翻譯詩，與現代詩關係密切，更可視為現代詩的濫觴。 本文以翻譯作品為軸心，討論《現代》雜誌對西方文學的接受和介紹。第 一章導言，先簡述研究概況及現代主義與現實主義的概念，釐清本文方向，繼 而按章討論《現代》雜誌的翻譯與創作之關係。第一章通過翻譯詩及小說的題 材及表現手法，討論雜誌對現代主義和現實主義的接受，以及編者對詩與小說 的不同取向。第二章比較《現代》發表的中文作品與翻譯作品，分析兩者於風 格上的異同。第三章比較《現代》雜誌和其他三十年代的雜誌，就其異同討論 《現代》對西洋文學接受和介紹的特點及影響。結論部份《現代》雜誌於翻譯 及創作的特點，帶出其影響，並以雜誌對傳播西方文學的貢獻作結

Low Vision Service Provision by Optometrist: A Nationwide Survey

Purpose: The prevalence of age-related visual impairment is projected to increase as the Canadian population ages. As a result, the demand for low vision service is also projected to increase. However, there is a lack of healthcare planning regarding vision rehabilitation in Canada. The current study is the first study that describes optometric low vision services across Canada. The primary purposes of this study were to determine the provision of low vision services by optometrists in Canada, the barriers to providing low vision services and the pattern and perception of referrals to specialised low vision services. The secondary purposes of this study were to examine regional differences in low vision practice and referral patterns, and to identify predictive factors associated with the extent of optometric low vision care. Methods: Practising optometrists across Canada (n=1839 or 40.5% of the Canadian optometric population) were randomly sampled so as to obtain approximately equal responses from the Western Provinces, Ontario, Quebec and the Eastern provinces. Between October 2010 to January 2011, optometrists were invited to participate in a 30-item questionnaire that included questions on personal profile, primary practice profile, types of patients seen, levels of low vision services offered, patterns of referral and barriers to provision of low vision care. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the current landscape of optometric low vision care. Chi-square analyses were used to identify any regional differences in pattern of low vision provision and/or referrals. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictive factors associated with the extent of optometric low vision care. Written comments on low vision education and provision of low vision services were first coded to represent relevant categories of information emerging from the written data. Then the patterns of coding were grouped into common themes. Results: A total of 459 optometrists responded (24.8%). Optometrists estimated that 1% (range 0-100%) of their patients were patients with low vision, yet also estimated that 10% of their patients had a best corrected visual acuity of ≤6/12. Almost three-quarters of respondents would manage a hypothetical patient with minimal visual disabilities and simple visual goals with high-powered additions and lighting; however, the proportion of those who would manage with the same patient with magnifiers and filter lenses dropped to 43%. The most frequently cited barriers to providing more extensive low vision services were found to be related to financial non-viability, lack of affordability by the patient and the time-consuming nature of conducting a low vision assessment. The percentage of respondents who cited no interest in low vision was 33.5%. Many respondents would like to see more continuing education on low vision, preferably through a hands-on approach. The most frequent site of referral was CNIB (81.9%), although most of the respondents (57.1%) rarely (0-5% of the time) or almost never (0-25% of the time) received a written report from the low vision service providers. Chi-square analyses revealed that optometrists in Quebec tended to refer eligible patients to government-sponsored vision rehabilitation centres, while optometrists in Eastern provinces tended to manage patients on their own. The predictive factors associated with the extent of optometric low vision care were advanced years of practice (16+ years), having local low vision optometrists/ophthalmologists within one-day’s travel, working in a practice within a population of less than 50,000 and working in a non-solo practice. Conclusions: This study documents that optometrists may be undertaking more low vision (LV) in patients with relatively good vision than they tend to label as LV. Vision rehabilitation is of interest to a large portion of optometrists across Canada. To translate the interest into practice, barriers identified by the current study must be addressed

A genomics-led approach to deciphering heterocyclic natural product biosynthesis

Heterocycles play an important role in many biological processes and are widespread among natural products. Oxazole-containing natural products possess a broad range of bioactivities and are of great interest in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Herein, the biosynthetic routes to the oxazole-containing phthoxazolins and the bis(benzoxaozle) AJI9561, were investigated. Phthoxazolins A-D are a group of oxazole trienes produced by a polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) pathway in Streptomyces sp. KO-7888 and Streptomyces sp. OM-5714. The phthoxazolin pathway was used as a model to study 5-oxazole and primary amide formation in PKS-NRPS pathways. An unusually large gene cluster for phthoxazolin biosynthesis was identified from the complete genome sequence of the producer strains and various gene deletions were performed to define the minimal gene cluster. PhoxP was proposed to encode an ATP-dependent cyclodehydratase for 5-oxazole formation on an enzyme-bound N-formylglycylacyl-intermediate, and its deletion abolished phthoxazolin production. In vitro reconstitution of the early steps of phthoxazolin biosynthesis was attempted to validate the role of PhoxP, but was unsuccessful. Furthermore, Orf3515, a putative flavin-dependent monooxygenase coded by a remote gene, was proposed to hydroxylate glycine-extended polyketide-peptide chain(s) at the α-position to yield phthoxazolins with the primary amide moiety. On the other hand, an in vitro approach was employed to establish the enzymatic logic of the biosynthesis of AJI9561, a bis(benzoxazole) antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces sp. AJ9561. The AJI9561 pathway was reconstituted using the precursors 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 6-methylsalicylic acid and five purified enzymes previously identified from the pathway as key enzymes for benzoxazole formation, including two adenylation enzymes for precursor activation, an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase and an amidohydrolase-like cyclase. Intermediates and shunt products isolated from enzymatic reactions containing different enzyme and precursor combinations were assessed for their competence for various steps of AJI9561 biosynthesis. Further bioinformatic analysis and in silico modelling of the amidohydrolase-like cyclase shed light on the oxazole cyclisation that represents a novel catalytic function of the amidohydrolase superfamily.Henry Lester Trust, Herchel Smith Foundatio

Magnetophonon Resonance in Quantum Wells with Parabolic Potential

The linear dc magnetoconductivity in the$(x,y)$ plane of a parabolic quantum well, with a magnetic field$\vec B = B\vec e_z$ applied, is evaluated for electron - opticalphonon interaction. For nonpolar optical and polar optical phonons,the magneto-conductivity oscillates as a function of the magneticfield with resonances occurring when $P\omega_c=\omega_0$, where$\omega_c$ and $\omega_0$ are cyclotron frequency and optical phononfrequency, respectively, and where $P$ is an integer. The analyticresults are numerically evaluated to show explicitly the dependenceof magneto-conductivity on the magnetic field, the confinementfrequency in $z$ direction, and the temperature of the system