THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF NEW DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

Membrane filtration technologies are capable of creating entirely new, more functional food products. In this regard, potential new dairy products include high-protein, low-lactose fluid milk, high-protein, low-lactose ice cream, and non-far yogurt made with fewer stabilizers. An initial survey of membrane manufacturing companies determined the added cost to produce such functional food products to be two to six percent of the existing retail price for similar standard dairy products. A subsequent survey of milk processors found that the most likely adopters of such membrane technologies were yogurt manufacturers.Agribusiness,

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

The Economics of Replanting Generic Wine Grape Varieties in New York

R.B. 97-05There has been an interest in replanting generic wine grape varieties; however, the prices of these grapes have been in the range of $200-250 per ton in recent years, low by historical standards. There is a need to identify varieties which are useful and profitable to the winery, consistent in production, and which can be efficiently produced in New York vineyards so that the value of the grapes to the winery better matches the cost of grape production. Elvira may be one variety which meets these criteria. This research was undertaken to (1) evaluate the yields, costs, and practices associated with replanting and growing Elvira grapes using the soil and managerial resources of New York growers; and (2) to evaluate the profitability and financial feasibility for these growers to convert their existing vineyards to the Elvira variety. Mail questionnaires were sent to 50 of Elvira growers to assess the size of operation, land use, Elvira acreage and yields, training system, pruning practices, cash expenses and farm debt. Removal and replanting costs for site preparation, year of planting, and second and third year of development were estimated at$4,606 per acre. This results in an annual cost of capital recovery of $488 per year for the 22 years remaining life of the vineyard. Average debt per acre of grapes for the 23 farms who responded on the survey was$848 per acre. Five year average yields (1991-1995) for the respondents was 7.5 tons per acre for the Elvira acreage. At an average price of $202 per ton, returns to management were -$143 per acre. At an average yield of 7.5 tons per acre, a price of $221 per ton would be necessary to break even. Conversely, at an average price of$202 per ton, the break even yield was 8.4 tons per acre. Growers should consider the risk that is involved in replanting a vineyard. For example, prices may decline over time, or yields may not average those projected at the time of planting. Also, Elvira has limited marketing alternatives. Other varieties (e.g. Aurore, Cayuga White, or Melody) are also adaptable to high yielding, labor efficient technology, but have more potential alternative markets than Elvira

THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF NEW DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

Membrane filtration technologies are capable of creating entirely new, more functional food products. In this regard, potential new dairy products include high-protein, low-lactose fluid milk, high-protein, low-lactose ice cream, and non-far yogurt made with fewer stabilizers. An initial survey of membrane manufacturing companies determined the added cost to produce such functional food products to be two to six percent of the existing retail price for similar standard dairy products. A subsequent survey of milk processors found that the most likely adopters of such membrane technologies were yogurt manufacturers

The Economics of Replanting Generic Wine Grape Varieties in New York

There has been an interest in replanting generic wine grape varieties; however, the prices of these grapes have been in the range of $200-250 per ton in recent years, low by historical standards. There is a need to identify varieties which are useful and profitable to the winery, consistent in production, and which can be efficiently produced in New York vineyards so that the value of the grapes to the winery better matches the cost of grape production. Elvira may be one variety which meets these criteria. This research was undertaken to (1) evaluate the yields, costs, and practices associated with replanting and growing Elvira grapes using the soil and managerial resources of New York growers; and (2) to evaluate the profitability and financial feasibility for these growers to convert their existing vineyards to the Elvira variety. Mail questionnaires were sent to 50 of Elvira growers to assess the size of operation, land use, Elvira acreage and yields, training system, pruning practices, cash expenses and farm debt. Removal and replanting costs for site preparation, year of planting, and second and third year of development were estimated at$4,606 per acre. This results in an annual cost of capital recovery of $488 per year for the 22 years remaining life of the vineyard. Average debt per acre of grapes for the 23 farms who responded on the survey was$848 per acre. Five year average yields (1991-1995) for the respondents was 7.5 tons per acre for the Elvira acreage. At an average price of $202 per ton, returns to management were -$143 per acre. At an average yield of 7.5 tons per acre, a price of $221 per ton would be necessary to break even. Conversely, at an average price of$202 per ton, the break even yield was 8.4 tons per acre. Growers should consider the risk that is involved in replanting a vineyard. For example, prices may decline over time, or yields may not average those projected at the time of planting. Also, Elvira has limited marketing alternatives. Other varieties (e.g. Aurore, Cayuga White, or Melody) are also adaptable to high yielding, labor efficient technology, but have more potential alternative markets than Elvira

Students' participation in collaborative research should be recognised

Letter to the editor

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat