Role of Jaloukavacharana in acute pain management of Amavata with respect to Rheumatoid Arthritis : A pilot study

Amavata is one of the most challenging diseases caused by Ama combining with vitiated Vata Dosha. The disease Amavata manifests where patient cries out of pain, severe stiffness, loss of appetite, vague body ache and crippling deformity of joints, which make them bed ridden. Having several features similar to Rheumatoid arthritis, Amavata is generally compared with it. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used in contemporary science, to treat the disease. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate, are also used to slow the progression of disease but these have their own side effects. Jaloukavacharana described in Ayurveda plays a major role in reducing pain and swelling. Hence an effort has been made in this present study to evaluate the efficacy of Jaloukavacharana in the acute management of pain in Amavata. 10 subjects between 20-60yrs with classical symptoms of Amavata were selected from IP section of SJIIM Hospital, Bengaluru. The assessment was done before the day of initiation of treatment, after the treatment and on 8th day. Clinically patients found significant relief in pain, swelling and range of movements after one sitting of Jaloukavacharana, hence it can be concluded that Jaloukavacharana is effective in management of pain in acute phase of Amavata

The metastasis associated protein S100A4: role in tumour progression and metastasis

The metastasis associated protein S100A4 is a small calcium binding protein that is associated with metastatic tumors and appears to be a molecular marker for clinical prognosis. Below we discuss its biochemical properties and possible cellular functions in metastasis including cell motility, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis and differentiation

The metastasis-associated protein S100A4 exists in several charged variants suggesting the presence of posttranslational modifications

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>S100A4 is a metastasis-associated protein which has been linked to multiple cellular events, and has been identified extracellularly, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of tumor cells; however, the biological implications of subcellular location are unknown. Associations between a variety of posttranslational protein modifications and altered biological functions of proteins are becoming increasingly evident. Identification and characterization of posttranslationally modified S100A4 variants could thus contribute to elucidating the mechanisms for the many cellular functions that have been reported for this protein, and might eventually lead to the identification of novel drugable targets.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>S100A4 was immuoprecipitated from a panel of <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo </it>sources using a monoclonal antibody and the samples were separated by 2D-PAGE. Gels were analyzed by western blot and silver staining, and subsequently, several of the observed spots were identified as S100A4 by the use of MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A characteristic pattern of spots was observed when S100A4 was separated by 2D-PAGE suggesting the presence of at least three charge variants. These charge variants were verified as S100A4 both by western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, and almost identical patterns were observed in samples from different tissues and subcellular compartments. Interestingly, recombinant S100A4 displayed a similar pattern on 2D-PAGE, but with different quantitative distribution between the observed spots.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Endogenously expressed S100A4 were shown to exist in several charge variants, which indicates the presence of posttranslational modifications altering the net charge of the protein. The different variants were present in all subcellular compartments and tissues/cell lines examined, suggesting that the described charge variants is a universal phenomenon, and cannot explain the localization of S100A4 in different subcellular compartments. However, the identity of the specific posttranslational modification and its potential contribution to the many reported biological events induced by S100A4, are subject to further studies.</p

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

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Not AvailablePurpose In the present study, gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) prevalence in sheep and goats from India was estimated by scientometrics. Methods The GIP prevalence studies (86) reported during 1998–2021 was obtained from online databases, and offline literatures, meta-analysis was undertaken by using “meta” package in R-Software. Results The pooled GIP prevalence in India was 65% (95% level CI 56–74%, PI 12–96%) in sheep, 74% (95% level CI 66–80%, PI 14–98%) in goats and 68% (95% level CI 62–73%, PI 15–96%) in sheep and goats. Period-wise analysis revealed a higher GIP prevalence during 1998–2010 than the recent periods. Among the zones, GIP prevalence was higher in the Central zone (79%) in sheep, North zone (82%) in goats, and Central zone (78%) in sheep and goats. Based on the state-wise analysis, a higher GIP prevalence was observed in Haryana for sheep, Himachal Pradesh for goats, and Uttarakhand for sheep and goats. In India, a higher prevalence was reported by nematodes than other parasite classes. Based on climatic regions, a higher GIP prevalence was observed in semi-arid Steppe type region (84%). Conclusion The high prevalence zones, states, species, sample types, parasite classes, parasite species and climate regions of GIP will be useful in decision-making and resource use efficiency by policymakers and stake holders. There is an urgent need to prevent the occurrence of GIP infections in sheep and goats by adopting scientific management practices, effective therapeutic measures, and hygienic practices on farms to augment the economic benefits to sheep and goat farmers in India.NICRA Projec

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Not AvailableIn this study, prevalence of the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in pigs from India was estimated by employing scientometrics. The prevalence studies on the GI parasites of pigs (n=21) were acquired from online and offline databases (timeline: 2010-2021) and meta-analysis was performed using meta package in R-software. The prevalence of GI parasites in pigs was 54% (95% level: CI 39-69%, PI 5-96% of 8,921 samples tested) in India. A higher prevalence of 81% was reported in 2010 than the recent years (2016-21). The highest prevalence in South zone (78%), and least in West zone (35%) was observed. The prevalence of GI parasites was highest in Tamil Nadu (96%) and lowest in Maharashtra (28%). The higher prevalence was observed in protozoa (30%) than other parasite classes and lower in cestodes (4%) in pigs. More number of studies have been reported on nematode parasites indicating its importance in pigs. A higher prevalence was observed in the studies conducted on samples (84%) collected from slaughterhouse than the faecal samples (46%) in pigs. Among the parasite species, coccidia (29%) were most commonly reported whereas Globocephalus urosubulatus (0.7%) was observed sporadically low. Amongst nematodes and trematodes, a higher prevalence in Ascaris spp. (27%) and Amphistomes (12%), correspondingly was observed. The high GI parasites prevalence zones, states, parasite classes, sample types and parasite species recognized will assist the stakeholders and decision makers, in control and preventive approaches. Further, this study provides the baseline information on GI parasites prevalence in pigs of India for devising effective deworming strategies which ultimately lead to beneficial piggery in India.National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agricultur