1,518 research outputs found
DDSL: Efficient Subgraph Listing on Distributed and Dynamic Graphs
Subgraph listing is a fundamental problem in graph theory and has wide
applications in areas like sociology, chemistry, and social networks. Modern
graphs can usually be large-scale as well as highly dynamic, which challenges
the efficiency of existing subgraph listing algorithms. Recent works have shown
the benefits of partitioning and processing big graphs in a distributed system,
however, there is only few work targets subgraph listing on dynamic graphs in a
distributed environment. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach,
called Distributed and Dynamic Subgraph Listing (DDSL), which can incrementally
update the results instead of running from scratch. DDSL follows a general
distributed join framework. In this framework, we use a Neighbor-Preserved
storage for data graphs, which takes bounded extra space and supports dynamic
updating. After that, we propose a comprehensive cost model to estimate the I/O
cost of listing subgraphs. Then based on this cost model, we develop an
algorithm to find the optimal join tree for a given pattern. To handle dynamic
graphs, we propose an efficient left-deep join algorithm to incrementally
update the join results. Extensive experiments are conducted on real-world
datasets. The results show that DDSL outperforms existing methods in dealing
with both static dynamic graphs in terms of the responding time
Properties of Light Flavour Baryons in Hypercentral quark model
The light flavour baryons are studied within the quark model using the hyper
central description of the three-body system. The confinement potential is
assumed as hypercentral coulomb plus power potential () with power
index . The masses and magnetic moments of light flavour baryons are
computed for different power index, starting from 0.5 to 1.5. The
predicted masses and magnetic moments are found to attain a saturated value
with respect to variation in beyond the power index 1.0. Further
we computed transition magnetic moments and radiative decay width of light
flavour baryons. The results are in good agreement with known experimental as
well as other theoretical models.Comment: Accepted in Pramana J. of Physic
Solutions of Several Coupled Discrete Models in terms of Lame Polynomials of Order One and Two
Coupled discrete models abound in several areas of physics. Here we provide
an extensive set of exact quasiperiodic solutions of a number of coupled
discrete models in terms of Lame polynomials of order one and two. Some of the
models discussed are (i) coupled Salerno model, (ii) coupled Ablowitz-Ladik
model, (iii) coupled saturated discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation, (iv)
coupled phi4 model, and (v) coupled phi6 model. Furthermore, we show that most
of these coupled models in fact also possess an even broader class of exact
solutions.Comment: 31 pages, to appear in Pramana (Journal of Physics) 201
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Redox-triggered buoyancy and size modulation of a dynamic covalent gel
The development of stimuli-responsive materials capable of transducing external stimuli into mechanical and physical changes has always been an intriguing challenge and an inspiration for scientists. Several stimuli-responsive gels have been developed and applied to biomimetic actuators or artificial muscles. Redox active actuators in which the mechanical motion is driven chemically or electrochemically have attracted much interest and their actuation mechanism is based on the change in electrostatic repulsion and the loss or gain of counterions to balance newly formed charges. Actuation can also be promoted by changing the hydration state of the material leading to the release/adsorption of water molecules from the network, inducing a direct shrinking/swelling of the material respectively. A cationic crystalline dynamic covalent gel was obtained via the formation of imine bonds between 2,6-diformyl pyridine and triamino guanidinium chloride. The gel exhibits a reversible contraction/expansion behavior in response to base (oxidation, –H+, –e–) and acid (reduction +H+, +e–) respectively. The oxidation induces a color change and contraction of the gel with a concomitant increase in its strength. As synthesized, the cationic gel is denser than water and sinks when placed in water. Upon oxidation, the radical cationic gel expels water molecules rendering it less dense than water and the gel is propelled to the surface without any loss of its structural integrity. These results demonstrate that a careful choice of amine and aldehyde linkers can give rise to imine-linked materials capable of tolerating and resisting extreme acidic and basic conditions while performing work
Evolution of Landau Levels into Edge States at an Atomically Sharp Edge in Graphene
The quantum-Hall-effect (QHE) occurs in topologically-ordered states of
two-dimensional (2d) electron-systems in which an insulating bulk-state
coexists with protected 1d conducting edge-states. Owing to a unique
topologically imposed edge-bulk correspondence these edge-states are endowed
with universal properties such as fractionally-charged quasiparticles and
interference-patterns, which make them indispensable components for QH-based
quantum-computation and other applications. The precise edge-bulk
correspondence, conjectured theoretically in the limit of sharp edges, is
difficult to realize in conventional semiconductor-based electron systems where
soft boundaries lead to edge-state reconstruction. Using scanning-tunneling
microscopy and spectroscopy to follow the spatial evolution of bulk
Landau-levels towards a zigzag edge of graphene supported above a graphite
substrate we demonstrate that in this system it is possible to realize
atomically sharp edges with no edge-state reconstruction. Our results single
out graphene as a system where the edge-state structure can be controlled and
the universal properties directly probed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
A Rab20-dependent membrane trafficking pathway controls M. tuberculosis replication by regulating phagosome spaciousness and integrity
The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lives within phagosomes and also disrupts these organelles to access the cytosol. The host pathways and mechanisms that contribute to maintaining Mtb phagosome integrity have not been investigated. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of Mtb-containing phagosomes and identified an interferon-gamma-stimulated and Rab20-dependent membrane trafficking pathway in macrophages that maintains Mtb in spacious proteolytic phagolysosomes. This pathway functions to promote endosomal membrane influx in infected macrophages, and is required to preserve Mtb phagosome integrity and control Mtb replication. Rab20 is specifically and significantly upregulated in the sputum of human patients with active tuberculosis. Altogether, we uncover an immune-regulated cellular pathway of defense that promotes maintenance of Mtb within intact membrane-bound compartments for efficient elimination
Tetraspanin (TSP-17) Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against 6-OHDA-Induced Neurodegeneration in <i>C. elegans</i>
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, is linked to the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Disease loci causing hereditary forms of PD are known, but most cases are attributable to a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. Increased incidence of PD is associated with rural living and pesticide exposure, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration can be triggered by neurotoxins such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In C. elegans, this drug is taken up by the presynaptic dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT-1) and causes selective death of the eight dopaminergic neurons of the adult hermaphrodite. Using a forward genetic approach to find genes that protect against 6-OHDA-mediated neurodegeneration, we identified tsp-17, which encodes a member of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins. We show that TSP-17 is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and provide genetic, pharmacological and biochemical evidence that it inhibits DAT-1, thus leading to increased 6-OHDA uptake in tsp-17 loss-of-function mutants. TSP-17 also protects against toxicity conferred by excessive intracellular dopamine. We provide genetic and biochemical evidence that TSP-17 acts partly via the DOP-2 dopamine receptor to negatively regulate DAT-1. tsp-17 mutants also have subtle behavioral phenotypes, some of which are conferred by aberrant dopamine signaling. Incubating mutant worms in liquid medium leads to swimming-induced paralysis. In the L1 larval stage, this phenotype is linked to lethality and cannot be rescued by a dop-3 null mutant. In contrast, mild paralysis occurring in the L4 larval stage is suppressed by dop-3, suggesting defects in dopaminergic signaling. In summary, we show that TSP-17 protects against neurodegeneration and has a role in modulating behaviors linked to dopamine signaling
Solutions of Several Coupled Discrete Models in terms of Lame Polynomials of Arbitrary Order
Coupled discrete models abound in several areas of physics. Here we provide
an extensive set of exact quasiperiodic solutions of a number of coupled
discrete models in terms of Lam\'e polynomials of arbitrary order. The models
discussed are (i) coupled Salerno model, (ii) coupled Ablowitz-Ladik model,
(iii) coupled model, and (iv) coupled model. In all these
cases we show that the coefficients of the Lam\'e polynomials are such that the
Lam\'e polynomials can be reexpressed in terms of Chebyshev polynomials of the
relevant Jacobi elliptic function
Gender effect on clinical features of achalasia: a prospective study
BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a well-characterized esophageal motor disorder but the rarity of the disease limits performing large studies on its demographic and clinical features. METHODS: Prospectively, 213 achalasia patients (110 men and 103 women) were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis established by clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic as well as manometry criteria. All patients underwent a pre-designed clinical evaluation before and within 6 months after the treatment. RESULTS: Solid dysphagia was the most common clinical symptom in men and women. Chest pain was the only symptom which was significantly different between two groups and was more complained by women than men (70.9% vs. 54.5% P value= 0.03). Although the occurrence of chest pain significantly reduced after treatment in both groups (P < 0.001), it was still higher among women (32% vs. 20.9% P value= 0.04). In both sexes, chest pain did not relate to the symptom duration, LES pressure and type of treatment patients received. Also no significant relation was found between chest pain and other symptoms expressed by men and women before and after treatment. Chest pain was less frequently reported by patients over 56 yrs of age in comparison to those less than 56 yrs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that chest pain is the distinct symptom of achalasia which is affected by sex as well as age and does not relate to the duration of illness, LESP and the type of treatment achalasia patients receive
The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in Exoplanet Research
The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect occurs during a planet's transit. It provides
the main means of measuring the sky-projected spin-orbit angle between a
planet's orbital plane, and its host star's equatorial plane. Observing the
Rossiter-McLaughlin effect is now a near routine procedure. It is an important
element in the orbital characterisation of transiting exoplanets. Measurements
of the spin-orbit angle have revealed a surprising diversity, far from the
placid, Kantian and Laplacian ideals, whereby planets form, and remain, on
orbital planes coincident with their star's equator. This chapter will review a
short history of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, how it is modelled, and will
summarise the current state of the field before describing other uses for a
spectroscopic transit, and alternative methods of measuring the spin-orbit
angle.Comment: Review to appear as a chapter in the "Handbook of Exoplanets", ed. H.
Deeg & J.A. Belmont
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