Bacterial computing: A form of natural computing and its applications

The capability to establish adaptive relationships with the environment is an essential characteristic of living cells. Both bacterial computing and bacterial intelligence are two general traits manifested along adaptive behaviors that respond to surrounding environmental conditions. These two traits have generated a variety of theoretical and applied approaches. Since the different systems of bacterial signaling and the different ways of genetic change are better known and more carefully explored, the whole adaptive possibilities of bacteria may be studied under new angles. For instance, there appear instances of molecular "learning" along the mechanisms of evolution. More in concrete, and looking specifically at the time dimension, the bacterial mechanisms of learning and evolution appear as two different and related mechanisms for adaptation to the environment; in somatic time the former and in evolutionary time the latter. In the present chapter it will be reviewed the possible application of both kinds of mechanisms to prokaryotic molecular computing schemes as well as to the solution of real world problems

Eye evolution simulation with a genetic algorithm based on the hypothesis of Nilsson and Pelger

The present work addresses for the first time the simulation of the evolution of an elemental eye by means of a simple genetic algorithm. The problem of the gradual evolution of a structure as complex as the eye was raised by Darwin, being still at the beginning of the 21st century a source of controversy between creationists and evolutionists. Taking as a starting point the paper of Nilsson and Pelger and their hypothesis that the evolution of the eye can be studied if we limit ourselves to its optical geometry, we show how eye evolution could take place gradually applying the principle of natural selection. Our model is limited to studying how an array of photosensitive epithelial cells is bent gradually to achieve a camera obscura

Plausibility of a Neural Network Classifier-Based Neuroprosthesis for Depression Detection via Laughter Records

The present work explores the diagnostic performance for depression of neural network classifiers analyzing the sound structures of laughter as registered from clinical patients and healthy controls. The main methodological novelty of this work is that simple sound variables of laughter are used as inputs, instead of electrophysiological signals or local field potentials (LFPs) or spoken language utterances, which are the usual protocols up-to-date. In the present study, involving 934 laughs from 30 patients and 20 controls, four different neural networks models were tested for sensitivity analysis, and were additionally trained for depression detection. Some elementary sound variables were extracted from the records: timing, fundamental frequency mean, first three formants, average power, and the Shannon-Wiener entropy. In the results obtained, two of the neural networks show a diagnostic discrimination capability of 93.02 and 91.15% respectively, while the third and fourth ones have an 87.96 and 82.40% percentage of success. Remarkably, entropy turns out to be a fundamental variable to distinguish between patients and controls, and this is a significant factor which becomes essential to understand the deep neurocognitive relationships between laughter and depression. In biomedical terms, our neural network classifier-based neuroprosthesis opens up the possibility of applying the same methodology to other mental-health and neuropsychiatric pathologies. Indeed, exploring the application of laughter in the early detection and prognosis of Alzheimer and Parkinson would represent an enticing possibility, both from the biomedical and the computational points of view

Press media impact of the Cumbre Vieja volcano activity in the island of La Palma (Canary Islands): A machine learning and sentiment analysis of the news published during the volcanic eruption of 2021

In this work we have used as a source of information a large sample of the press articles published during 2021 about the eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano in the island of La Palma (Canary Islands). In contraposition, the scientific papers evaluating different facets of natural disasters have preferentially used social networks as a source of information. Herein we have shown how the emotions and sentiments expressed in press media can be efficiently analyzed via AI techniques to better assess the social impact of a disaster at the time it takes place. We have also gauged the usefulness of different classifiers combining sentiment analysis with multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning techniques. By applying this methodology, we were able to classify a newspaper article within a certain time frame of the eruption, and we observed significant differences between local news published in Spanish and those of foreign newspapers written in English. We also found different emotional trajectories of articles by applying the Fourier transform onto the inner “valence” progress along each article narrative time. In addition, there appeared a significant relationship between the surface area occupied by lava and the emotions and sentiments expressed in the articles—many other correlations and causalities could be explored too. The main findings of this research may constitute a helpful resource for a better understanding of the way press media react to volcanic activity, and may guide in public decisionmaking under different temporal horizons, including the design of improved strategies in the risk reduction domain

Cellular automata modelling of slime mould actin network signalling

© 2016, The Author(s). Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which forms dense, highly interconnected networks within eukaryotic cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that actin-mediated intra- and extracellular signalling is instrumental in facilitating organism-level emergent behaviour patterns which, crucially, may be characterised as natural expressions of computation. We use excitable cellular automata modelling to simulate signal transmission through cell arrays whose topology was extracted from images of Watershed transformation-derived actin network reconstructions; the actin networks sampled were from laboratory experimental observations of a model organism, slime mould Physarum polycephalum. Our results indicate that actin networks support directional transmission of generalised energetic phenomena, the amplification and trans-network speed of which of which is proportional to network density (whose primary determinant is the anatomical location of the network sampled). Furthermore, this model also suggests the ability of such networks for supporting signal-signal interactions which may be characterised as Boolean logical operations, thus indicating that a cell’s actin network may function as a nanoscale data transmission and processing network. We conclude by discussing the role of the cytoskeleton in facilitating intracellular computing, how computation can be implemented in such a network and practical considerations for designing ‘useful’ actin circuitry

La realización del videoclip científico y educativo orientado a entornos multimedia y de e-learning

En este trabajo hemos realizado un estudio metodológico sobre el vídeo científico y educativo, aportando pautas para su realización, edición y montaje. El estudio fue realizado con cuarenta y cinco videoclips seleccionados de YouTube. Los clips fueron clasificados en una de diez categorías definidas arbitrariamente en este trabajo, realizándose un estudio semiótico a partir del análisis del lenguaje cinematográfico. Los elementos del análisis fueron gráficamente representados mediante un mapa conceptual. El mapa obtenido ilustra la estructura con la que el vídeo fue concebido por su autor o autores. Los videoclips fueron seleccionados como posibles candidatos a ser incluidos en entornos mulimedia o de e-learning. Los resultados obtenidos describen la tipologia de los videoclips según se trate de un documental, narración, biografía, lección monoconceptual o temática, simulación, animación, científico, entrevista o mesa redonda

Cellular computing: towards an artificial cell

Abstract: At present most point of views are in agreement with the idea that the similarity between cells and computers is a useful metaphor from which to obtain powerful predictions about life. In this paper we suggest that the analogy between computers and cells should be carefully reviewed when creating a silico artificial cell or whole-cell simulation, avoiding some common misconceptions derived from Cybernetics and the study of biological information processing based on a 'hardware + software' dualism

SGA: Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) in Python

<p>Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) is a 'vanilla' GA that can be used for the purposes of education and research. SGA is applied in a simple optimization problem:</p> <p>Let f(x)=abs(x-5/2+sin(x)) be a function that takes values in the range 0<=x<=15. Within this range f(x) has a maximum value at x=11 (binary value is equal to 1011).</p