CULTIVATION OF ROSE (ROSA INDICA L.)

Rose, locally called Gulab-Jo-Gul (In Sindhi) belongs to family Rosaceae.  Its botanicalname is Rosa indica L. in the order Rosales. Rosaceae is a larger plant family which have hundreds (100) of generas and over thousands of species which contains shrubs, herbs and trees etc. Rose is very much important plant from various aspects. It is widely used throughout the world including love movements, medical purposes, cosmetic uses, happy events, celebrations, welcome parties, ornamentallyas well as food tonic supplement, so, they have value but same time they are cultivated at small area in the country due to several reason. However they are climatically well adopted and tolerates adverse environmental conditions. Lack of improved production technology plus awareness about cultivation are major issues in every part of the globe. Unfortunately in agricultural research life, rose cultivation sector is most ignored around the world, less work and less promotion of its cultivation causing reduced availability. Therefore introduction of climatically well adopted production technology is essential which provides briefly guide to formers from scope of rose along with cultivation processes.Â

Accumulation of phenolics in natural and micropropagated plantlets of Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov & Des.-Shost. with their antioxidant potentials

WOS: 000414903800007Thymus pseudopulegioides plantlets were propagated in vitro via direct organogenesis by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing kinetin, thidiazuron, and 6-benzyladenine (BA) individually. Methanol extracts obtained both from plantlets and wild plants were analyzed for their total phenolics and flavonoid contents, then quantified by HPLC. The highest total phenolic (8.83 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent) and total flavonoid (0.92 mg/mL as rutin equivalent) values were from the MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 0.5 mg/L BA, respectively. The plantlets grown in those media also showed remarkable antioxidant activities with an IC50 value of 4.77 mu g/mL in DPPH and 100% inhibition in beta-carotene assays, respectively. HPLC analysis proved the production of protocatechuic, caffeic, vanillic, rosmarinic, ferulic, and o-coumaric acids and rutin. Rosmarinic acid production was predominant in natural samples (115.2 mg/100 g dry weight), while the aforesaid phenolic acids were prevalent in plantlets grown on MS media supplemented with KIN or BA at various concentrations. Rutin production was the highest (50.74 mg/100 g dry weight) in the plantlets grown on MS medium containing kinetin (1.0 mg/L). As an economically important chemical, rosmarinic acid was selected as the target chemical and a novel method was introduced to achieve its selective isolation.Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK-2216]; King Saud UniversityDeanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityWe would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-2216 Program) for financial support of this work. The authors are also thankful to King Saud University for financial support via the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program

Antioxidant phenolic constituents, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of Stachys annua L. from both natural resources and micropropagated plantlets

An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed to produce Stachys annua plantlets and the extracts obtained from both micropropagated and naturally growing individuals were evaluated for their possible antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Mean number of shoot (4.5 +/- 0.54 per explant) and node number (4.56 +/- 0.5 per explant) as well as biomass yield based on fresh (0.29 +/- 0.02 gm per explant) and dry weight (0.029 +/- 0.003 gm per explant) were found to be the highest on MS medium with 6-BA, whilst the highest mean shoot length (36.65 +/- 1.58 mm) was obtained from MS medium containing 2iP. Hexane extracts from both sources showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus whilst methanol extracts of micropropagated plantlets exerted activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In antioxidant activity assays, the best antioxidant activity was up to IC50 9.41 mg/mL in DPPH and 1409.5 (mg/100 gm trolox equivalent) was found in FRAP. Extracts from natural plantlets showed higher cytotoxic activity micropropagated ones, with IC50 of 0.099 mu g/mL and IC(50)of 0.211 mu g/mL on HeLa cells, respectively. Total phenolics ranged from 87.47 to 605.12 in micropropagated samples while 771.46 (mg/100 gm gallic acid equivalent) in natural resources

Phenolic Profiles, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties of Both Micropropagated and Naturally Growing Plantlets of Calamintha sylvatica subsp. sylvatica Bromf.

UCAR, Evren ONAY/0000-0003-1152-4881WOS: 000508003800016A rapid micropropagation protocol was designed to produce Calamintha sylvatica plantlets by using nodal segments as explants for the shoot formation. 6-BA favored the highest shoot formation and biomass yield, whilst kinetin was found superior for the highest shoot length (38.97 +/- 2.85 mm) and node numbers (2.89 +/- 0.63). Rosmarinic acid was detected as major phenolic acid, ranging from 7.59 mg/100 g to 81.44 mg/100 g. Hexane extracts from natural and in vitro propagated plantlets showed activity only against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC values at 6.25 and 3.33 m/mL, respectively while in the latter case, extracts from natural plantlets exerted higher cytotoxic activity than those of micropropagated ones (IC50 values were 83 mu g/mL and 98 mu g/mL on HeLa cells, respectively). C. sylvatica showed high micropropagation performance and produced remarkable amount of rosmarinic acid in vitro as well as antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect.KTU-BAP (The Scientific Research Commitee of Karadeniz Technical University); King Saud UniversityDeanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityThe study was carried out with the financial support of KTU-BAP (The Scientific Research Commitee of Karadeniz Technical University, Project No. KTU-BAP.1064). Authors are thankful to King Saud University for financial support under the issue of Distinguished Scientist Research Fellowship Program (DSFP)

Antioxidant phenolic constituents, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of Stachys annua L. from both natural resources and micropropagated plantlets

UCAR, Evren ONAY/0000-0003-1152-4881; Ucar, Evren Onay/0000-0003-1152-4881WOS: 000407987700007An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed to produce Stachys annua plantlets and the extracts obtained from both micropropagated and naturally growing individuals were evaluated for their possible antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Mean number of shoot (4.5 +/- 0.54 per explant) and node number (4.56 +/- 0.5 per explant) as well as biomass yield based on fresh (0.29 +/- 0.02 gm per explant) and dry weight (0.029 +/- 0.003 gm per explant) were found to be the highest on MS medium with 6-BA, whilst the highest mean shoot length (36.65 +/- 1.58 mm) was obtained from MS medium containing 2iP. Hexane extracts from both sources showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus whilst methanol extracts of micropropagated plantlets exerted activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In antioxidant activity assays, the best antioxidant activity was up to IC50 9.41 mg/mL in DPPH and 1409.5 (mg/100 gm trolox equivalent) was found in FRAP. Extracts from natural plantlets showed higher cytotoxic activity micropropagated ones, with IC50 of 0.099 mu g/mL and IC(50)of 0.211 mu g/mL on HeLa cells, respectively. Total phenolics ranged from 87.47 to 605.12 in micropropagated samples while 771.46 (mg/100 gm gallic acid equivalent) in natural resources.KTU-BAP (The Scientific Research Commitee of Karadeniz Technical University) [KTU-BAP.1064. 2216]The authors deeply appreciate the financial support of KTU-BAP (The Scientific Research Commitee of Karadeniz Technical University) for the project KTU-BAP.1064. 2216 Research FellowshipProgramme For ForeignCitizens(TUBITAK) is acknowledged for funding author A. H. Laghari for post doctorate studies in Karadeniz Technical University

Antioxidant phenolic constituents, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of <em>Stachys annua </em>L. from both natural resources and micropropagated plantlets

407-416An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed to produce Stachys annua plantlets and the extracts obtained from both micropropagated and naturally growing individuals were evaluated for their possible antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Mean number of shoot (4.5 ± 0.54 per explant) and node number (4.56 ± 0.5 per explant) as well as biomass yield based on fresh (0.29 ± 0.02 gm per explant) and dry weight (0.029 ± 0.003 gm per explant) were found to be the highest on MS medium with 6-BA, whilst the highest mean shoot length (36.65 ± 1.58 mm) was obtained from MS medium containing 2iP. Hexane extracts from both sources showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus whilst methanol extracts of micropropagated plantlets exerted activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In antioxidant activity assays, the best antioxidant activity was up to IC50 9.41 mg/mL in DPPH and 1409.5 (mg/100 gm trolox equivalent) was found in FRAP. Extracts from natural plantlets showed higher cytotoxic activity micropropagated ones, with IC50 of 0.099 µg/mL and IC50of 0.211 µg/mL on HeLa cells, respectively. Total phenolics ranged from 87.47 to 605.12 in micropropagated samples while 771.46 (mg/100 gm gallic acid equivalent) in natural resources

Biotechnology and Solutions: Insect-Pest-Resistance Management for Improvement and Development of Bt Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.)

Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.) is a major origin of natural fiber, and is projected at 117 million bales worldwide for 2021/22. A variety of biotic and abiotic stresses have considerable negative impacts on cotton. The significantly decreased applications of chemical insecticidal sprays in the agro-ecosystem have greatly affected the biodiversity and dynamics of primary and secondary insects. Various control measures were taken around the globe to increase production costs. Temperature, drought, and salinity, and biotic stresses such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, insects, and mites cause substantial losses to cotton crops. Here, we summarize a number of biotic and abiotic stresses upsetting Bt cotton crop with present and future biotechnology solution strategies that include a refuge strategy, multi-gene pyramiding, the release of sterile insects, seed mixing, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, biotic signaling, and the use of bioagents. Surveillance of insect resistance, monitoring of grower compliance, and implementation of remedial actions can lead to the sustainable use of cotton across the globe

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality