Keylogging para el estudio de los procesos cognitivos del traductor

En este trabajo se extiende una herramienta para adaptarla a la investigación de los procesos cognitivos involucrados en la traducción humana mediante el uso de técnicas de key-logging y de análisis estadístico de datos. Las técnica de key-logging genera un log de alta precisión temporal que contiene el registro de las acciones de mouse y teclado que el traductor realiza. Al analizar el log cuali y cuantitativamente, podemos inferir algunos aspectos de los procesos cognitivos comprendidos en las fases generales del acto traductor. Esto permite que se pueda analizar el proceso de producción, permitiendo la identificación de las fases de traducción. Además, la técnica de key-logging permite que el análisis se haga no sólo el texto fuente y texto meta (productos estáticos) sino también en el producto incremental

Estudio del proceso traductor : ¡keylogging al rescate!

Ponencia presentada en las IV Jornadas Internacionales de Traductología. Córdoba, Argentina del 2 al 5 de agosto de 2016.Fil: Estrella, Paula Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Lafuente, Roxana Anabel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Bruno, Laura Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Miloro, Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Este artículo aborda el estudio del proceso traductor utilizando una herramienta de keylogging, que es aplicada en dos tipos de sesiones experimentales (controladas y no controladas), de las cuales se presentan algunos resultados preliminares.Fil: Estrella, Paula Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Lafuente, Roxana Anabel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Bruno, Laura Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Miloro, Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Estudios Generales del Lenguaj

Broadening the scope of translation process research with Research

The competencies needed to translate efficiently are acquired gradually along the academic path and are usually supported by the use of a wide range of tools and resources, such as onlinedictionaries, translation memories, corpus analysis tools, etc (PACTE, 2008). Moreover, cognitive and behavioral tasks are also a key component within ahighly complex process known as translation process. Many researchers on translation have focused on product-oriented or process-oriented research in order to study how translators process the source text and produce the corresponding target text. More recently, with the ease of access to new technologies and computing power, process-oriented research has benefited from new methodologies that require massive data collection and analysis. One of the widely used methods tostudy the translation process is keylogging, the action of recording keyboard andmouse activity in a computer through the use of keystroke logging software. It may also record keyboard event timestamps and periods of inactivity (pauses) during a translation session. The main advantage of using these tools is that qualitative methods can be complemented with objective data analyzed quantitatively, adding robustness to translation studies. Keyloggers were developed in the 90's, and since then, several tools of the type have been created; however, the most used ones are InputLog (Leijten, 2005) and Translog (Carl, 2012). Both provide several functionalities to collect data including audio information (for think-aloud and verbal protocols) and to analyze data (e.g. plug-ins for Microsoft Word or offline reconstruction of translations). In the case of Translog, it also allows the use of eye trackers. As regards their limitations, these mainlylie in the fact that both keyloggers can only be installed on a Windows platform. This often makes their use impossible in settings such as ours inwhich lab computers run Linux. It was this disadvantage that motivated the development of Research Logger (Lafuente, 2015), an adaptation of an existing keylogger into a portable open-source software which logs detailed data (e.g.keystrokes and clicks) occurring in every open application window. Although it is still under development, it has already proven useful in two different types of studies: controlled sessions and uncontrolled sessions. The former have arigorous experimental design for studying directionality in English-Spanish translations done by students of our School of Languages, and the latter consist of logging students activity during technical translation exams in order to explore which and how CAT tools and online resources are used. In thispaper, we will present these experiments and the preliminary results obtained.https://ialt.philol.uni-leipzig.de/download/0/0/1842965621/62e1eacb2faaaead3776581c5c8ee99d99af5307/fileadmin/ialt.philol.uni-leipzig.de/uploads/Dokumente/LICTRA_2017/LICTRA_Tagungsheft_8-3-17_web.pdfFil: Bruno, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Fil: Miloro, Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina.Lingüístic

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine