Pâturer l’arganeraie : Le chevreau face à l’huile d’argan

Au Maroc, l’arganier est souvent qualifié d’« arbre à chèvres », car les animaux se nourrissent de ses feuilles et de ses fruits. L’arbre est également exploité pour la production d’huile d’argan dont le succès économique est grandissant depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix. En s’inscrivant chacune dans une démarche d’indication géographique (aboutie pour l’huile et en cours pour celle du chevreau), ces deux activités, hier réunies de façon organique, se retrouvent aujourd’hui concurrentes dans l’accès aux ressources de l’arganeraie, classée depuis 1998 patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO. Pointé comme une menace pour cet écosystème remarquable, le pâturage aérien est au cœur de la controverse. Si le projet de labellisation du chevreau a participé à la publicisation de cette dernière, il a par ailleurs aussi permis aux éleveurs d’acquérir une capacité d’expression collective et de s’investir dans le renouvellement du sens conféré à leurs savoirs et cultures techniques.In Morocco, the argan tree is often referred to as a « goat tree » because these animals feed on its leaves and fruits. The tree is also used to produce argan oil whose economic success has continued to grow since the 1990s. By attributing a geographical indication to each one (already done for the oil and in progress for the kids), these two activities, which were organically linked together in the past, are now in competition for access to the resources of the argan forest, on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1998. Singled out as a threat to this extraordinary ecosystem, aerial grazing is at the core of the controversy. Although the labeling project for the kid contributed to publicizing this controversy, it also provided the opportunity for goat farmers to acquire the ability to express themselves as a group, enabling them to attribute a renewed meaning to their technical cultures

Study of the dynamic aberrations of the human tear film

The dynamic aberrations introduced by the human tear film are studied by measuring the topography of the tear film surface on 14 subjects using a curvature sensing setup. The RMS wavefront error variation of the data obtained is presented showing the non-negligible contribution of the tear film to overall eye aberrations. The tear film wavefronts are decomposed in their constituent Zernike terms, showing stronger contributions from 4th order terms and terms with vertical symmetry, and the temporal behaviour of these aberrations is analysed

Erratum: Evaluation of DNA Methylation Episignatures for Diagnosis and Phenotype Correlations in 42 Mendelian Neurodevelopmental Disorders (The American Journal of Human Genetics (2020) 106(3) (356–370), (S0002929720300197), (10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.019))

(The American Journal of Human Genetics 106, 356–370; March 5, 2020) In the version of this paper originally published, the underlying cause for Hunter McAlpine syndrome was incorrectly described in Table 1. The relevant description has been changed to read “Chr5q35-qter duplication involving NSD1” in the updated Table 1 reflected here. The authors apologize for this error