You\u27ll LOL @ This Tweet : Copyright Protection for Hashtag Gamers

Hashtag games combine the fun of quick, incongruous exchanges with the work of creative expression and do so online through microblogging, predominantly (if not exclusively) on Twitter. Currently, hashtag-game participants face two main obstacles to copyright protection for their fun expressions: the expressions\u27 brevity and Twitter\u27s terms of service. To protect the copyrights that Internet users acquire by participating in hashtag games, courts should focus on the creativity rather than the brevity of the resulting expressions. Furthermore, Congress should amend the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) to prevent Internet service providers, like Twitter, from encroaching on users\u27 rights through broad licensing and sublicensing schemes in their terms of service. This Note will introduce hashtag games and argue for the copyright protection of short, humorous works such as expressions deriving from hashtag games. It will also provide an overview of microblogging and intellectual property rights by examining the terms of service of Twitter and other Internet service providers that enable microblogging and by considering internal and external limitations on the licensing schemes presented in such terms of service. Because Twitter\u27s terms lack sufficient internal limitations and the external limitations of offer and acceptance and unconscionability that contract law supplies do not suffice to protect users\u27 copyrights in the hashtag-game context, this Note will conclude that Congress should safeguard the rights of hashtag-game participants by amending the DCMA to prevent licensing schemes broader than necessary for the proper functioning of the Internet

GeneSis: A Generative Approach to Substitutes in Context

The lexical substitution task aims at generating a list of suitable replacements for a target word in context, ideally keeping the meaning of the modified text unchanged. While its usage has increased in recent years, the paucity of annotated data prevents the finetuning of neural models on the task, hindering the full fruition of recently introduced powerful architectures such as language models. Furthermore, lexical substitution is usually evaluated in a framework that is strictly bound to a limited vocabulary, making it impossible to credit appropriate, but out-of-vocabulary, substitutes. To assess these issues, we propose GENESIS (Generating Substitutes in contexts), the first generative approach to lexical substitution. Thanks to a seq2seq model, we generate substitutes for a word according to the context it appears in, attaining state-of-theart results on different benchmarks. Moreover, our approach allows silver data to be produced for further improving the performances of lexical substitution systems. Along with an extensive analysis of GENESIS results, we also present a human evaluation of the generated substitutes in order to assess their quality. We release the fine-tuned models, the generated datasets and the code to reproduce the experiments at https://github.com/SapienzaNLP/genesis

Acoustic energy transfer by friction induced vibrations

Friction-induced vibrations are often investigated for their unwanted effects, such as surface wear and dynamic instabilities. This article focuses on the exploitation of friction-induced vibrations to transfer the energy between different acoustic fields by an interface under frictional contact. One of the main possible applications is the use of the generated acoustic field for passive structural health monitoring (SHM). A mechanical device (secondary acoustic source, SAS), able to perform the energy transfer, is here tested on a simplified benchmark. The energy transfer is obtained between two vibrational fields: a primary field, which is the ambient acoustic field on the structure and is generated by a known source, and a secondary field with a different frequency content produced with the developed device by friction-induced vibrations. The test bench analyzed in this work is composed by a main structure, which is excited by the primary (ambient) acoustic field, and the SAS, able to absorb part of the acoustic energy of the primary field and radiate it within the secondary acoustic field. The device is composed by a main resonator, excited by the primary acoustic field, in frictional contact with a secondary resonator to provide a broadband secondary acoustic field. The objective of the article is to analyze and estimate the power flows from the main structure to the SAS and vice versa, within the two acoustic fields

Ecologia e tecnicas de amostragem de ixodideos em areas endemicas para febre maculosa brasileira na região de Campinas - S.P.

Orientador: Angelo Pires do PradoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaMestrad

Sementeia: plantado sonhos, semeando sentidos e articulando resistências no campo e na cidade

1º Congresso Internacional Epistemologias do Sul: perspectivas críticas - 7 a 9 de novembro de 2016, realizada pela Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA).A vida no campo e a Agroecologia proliferam signos, códigos e linguagens próprias que permanecem ausentes para o conjunto da sociedade. A comunicação tem o papel de principal mediadora das relações sociais e da percepção da realidade, onde novas maneiras de experimentar e de organizar o mundo são criadas. As disputas concretas e materiais (como as que se dão em torno das questões ambientais e da produção de alimentos) passam pelo campo simbólico, pela produção de cultura e a produção e difusão de sentidos as quais são estratégicas para a construção e fortalecimento de propostas contra-hegemônicas. Compreender que as disputas também se dão no campo simbólico faz que tenhamos outra postura frente ao que é dito e frente a como dizemos algo

Less remineralized carbon in the intermediate-depth south Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(7), (2019): 1218-1233, doi:10.1029/2018PA003537.The last deglaciation (~20–10 kyr BP) was characterized by a major shift in Earth's climate state, when the global mean surface temperature rose ~4 °C and the concentration of atmospheric CO2 increased ~80 ppmv. Model simulations suggest that the initial 30 ppmv rise in atmospheric CO2 may have been driven by reduced efficiency of the biological pump or enhanced upwelling of carbon‐rich waters from the abyssal ocean. Here we evaluate these hypotheses using benthic foraminiferal B/Ca (a proxy for deep water [CO32−]) from a core collected at 1,100‐m water depth in the Southwest Atlantic. Our results imply that [CO32−] increased by 22 ± 2 μmol/kg early in Heinrich Stadial 1, or a decrease in ΣCO2 of approximately 40 μmol/kg, assuming there were no significant changes in alkalinity. Our data imply that remineralized phosphate declined by approximately 0.3 μmol/kg during Heinrich Stadial 1, equivalent to 40% of the modern remineralized signal at this location. Because tracer inversion results indicate remineralized phosphate at the core site reflects the integrated effect of export production in the sub‐Antarctic, our results imply that biological productivity in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean was reduced early in the deglaciation, contributing to the initial rise in atmospheric CO2.We would like to thank Bärbel Hönisch at Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University for help with methods development and Sarah McCart for technical assistance with ICP‐MS analyses. We would also like to give special thanks to Anna lisa Mudahy, who was responsible for picking a substantial portion of the benthic foraminifera used in this study. We are grateful to the WHOI core lab for sample collection and archiving. This work was supported by NSF grant OCE‐1702231 to D. L.2020-01-2

Carbon storage in the mid-depth Atlantic during millennial-scale climate events

Carbon isotope minima were a ubiquitous feature of the mid-depth Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 14.5-17.5 kyr BP) and the Younger Dryas (YD, 11.5-12.9 kyr BP), yet their cause remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that North Atlantic processes triggered the delta C-13 anomalies, with weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) being the most likely driver. Model simulations suggest that slowing of the AMOC increases the residence time of mid-depth waters in the Atlantic, resulting in the accumulation of respired carbon. Here we assess Sigma CO2 variability in the South Atlantic using benthic foraminiferal B/Ca, a proxy for [CO32-]. Using replicated high-resolution B/Ca records from similar to 2 km water depth on the Brazil Margin, we show that [CO32-] decreased during HS1 and the YD, synchronous with apparent weakening of the AMOC. The [CO32-] response is smaller than in the tropical North Atlantic during HS1, indicating there was a north-south gradient in the [CO32-] signal similar to that for delta C-13. The implied variability in Sigma CO2 is consistent with model results, suggesting that carbon is temporarily sequestered in the mid-depth Atlantic during millennial-scale stadial events. Using a carbon isotope mass balance, we estimate that approximately 75% of the HS1 delta C-13 signal at the Brazil Margin was driven by accumulation of remineralized carbon, highlighting the nonconservative behavior of delta C-13 during the last deglaciation.This work was supported by NSF grant OCE1404915 to D.L. and by ARC Discovery Project DP140101393 and Future Fellowship FT140100993 to J.Y. The data presented in this paper are available at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ paleo/study/22090

A failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)-based approach for risk assessment of scientific processes in non-regulated research laboratories

AbstractNowadays, Quality Management tools such as failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are widely used throughout the aeronautical, automotive, software, food services, health care and many other industries to sustain and improve quality and safety. The increasing complexity of scientific research makes it more difficult to maintain all activities under control, in order to guarantee validity and reproducibility of results. Even in non-regulated research, scientists need to be supported with management tools that maximize study performance and outcomes, while facilitating the research process. Frequently, steps that involve human intervention are the weak links in the process. Risk analysis therefore gives considerable benefit to analytical validation, assessing and avoiding failures due to human error, potential imprecision in applying protocols, uncertainty in equipment function and imperfect control of materials. This paper describes in detail how FMEA methodology can be applied as a performance improvement tool in the field of non-regulated research, specifically on a basic Life Sciences research process. We chose as "pilot process" the selection of oligonucleotide aptamers for therapeutic purposes, as an example of a complex and multi-step process, suitable for technology transfer. We applied FMEA methodology, seeking every opportunity for error and its impact on process output, and then, a set of improvement actions was generated covering most aspects of laboratory practice, such as equipment management and staff training. We also propose a useful tool supporting the risk assessment of research processes and its outputs and that we named "FMEA strip worksheet." These tools can help scientists working in non-regulated research to approach Quality Management and to perform risk evaluation of key scientific procedures and processes with the final aim to increase and better control efficiency and efficacy of their research

Identificação sorológica de Rickettsia spp do grupo da febre maculosa em capivaras na região de Campinas, SP, Brasil

Diseases transmitted by ticks have been an important health problem all over the world. Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) stands for a serious epidemiological concern due to the high mortality rates pointed out. Capybaras are commonly incriminated as possible reservoirs in the BSF transmission cycle. In the last decades the numbers of these animals raised sharply and they have invaded human areas. They intensify the contact between ticks and humans beings. This study aim is to contribute to the possible role performed for this rodent in the BSF epidemiology in some areas located in Campinas region, São Paulo. Cabybaras infected by rickettsiae of BSF group were studied through the analysis of the frequencies of BSF-group rickettisae antibodies titer = 64 by indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA), and data from human cases epidemiological surveillance. The serum frequency positiveness varied greatly according to areas where animals were captured. However it was found serum positiviness only in the areas where human cases of BSF were reported. These findings suggest the capybara may be seen as sentinel animal. Due to presence of serological cross reactivity between microorganisms belonging to SF group, the results must be interpreted carefully and additional methods to distinguish pathogenic rickettsiae are required in our country38616941699Doenças transmitidas por carrapatos vêm sendo um importante problema de saúde pública no mundo. A Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) representa um sério risco epidemiológico devido às altas taxas de letalidade apresentadas. As capivaras são freqüentemente incriminadas como possíveis reservatórios no ciclo de transmissão da FMB. Nas últimas décadas o número desses animais cresceu intensamente e eles invadiram os espaços humanos. As capivaras intensificam o contato entre carrapatos e seres humanos na medida em que se apresentam muito infestadas por estes parasitos. O objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para o conhecimento do possível papel desempenhado por este roedor na epidemiologia da FMB em algumas áreas da região de Campinas, SP. Foi estudada a infecção das capivaras por rickettsias do grupo da FMB, por meio da análise das freqüências de anticorpos contra este grupo, nestes animais, e dados da vigilância epidemiológica de casos humanos. A freqüência desses anticorpos variou amplamente entre as localidades, entretanto, só foram encontrados soros com anticorpos com titulagem =64 naquelas onde havia notificação de casos humanos. Estes achados sugerem que a capivara poderá ser um animal sentinela. No entanto, devido à ocorrência de reação cruzada entre os microorganismos do grupo de FM estes resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela e são necessários métodos capazes de distinguir rickettsias patogênica