Heritage Language Learners of Arabic in Islamic Schools: Opportunities for Attaining Arabic Language Proficiency

This study highlights the experiences of former high school students in learning and using their Heritage Language (HL) in their homes, communities, and community schools. The study also reveals the major challenges in maintaining and promoting Arabic language proficiency as viewed by the study participants. Eight participants from three different full-time community schools in the Midwest participated in this study. Each participant completed three formal interview sessions and one follow-up interview. The interview data provide unique perspectives of the participants themselves, offering a window into their language input, language behavior, and their sociolinguistic experiences including their language attitudes, ethnic, and cultural identities. This study also explores participants’ perspectives on language learning and connectedness to the Arab community by examining data from an 8-month phenomological study. The data highlighted a number of patterns of linguistic profiles of reading, writing, and speaking behaviors of these former high school students that suggest that the participants’ experiences are generally more similar than different. The study revealed a sense of general discontent towards the results of learning Arabic at their community schools and the outcomes of their Arabic language proficiency over all. Participants viewed speaking articulately as more important to them than other language skills like formal writing. These results may suggest a connection between maintaining Arabic language and language ideologies and practices held at home, in the community and in the schools. The study concluded that the sociolinguistic, pedagogical, and ideological factors that are required for the attainment of language competence may not be present for this group of study participants

The Regulatory Framework Governing Traditional Arbitration in Resolving Islamic Banking Disputes in Malaysia: The Time for Change

Introduction to The Problem: Malaysia has established its place as a global leader in Islamic banking due to the considerable efforts made by the Malaysian lawmakers to enhance the Islamic banking dispute resolution framework and provide the Islamic banking disputants with several resolution mechanisms, such as traditional arbitration. However, using traditional arbitration in resolving Islamic banking disputes is not free from criticisms. Therefore, there is a need to find an alternative or enhanced form of traditional arbitration mechanism.Purpose/Objective Study: This article examines the regulatory framework governing traditional arbitration in resolving Islamic banking disputes in Malaysia.Design/Methodology/Approach: This article is based on doctrinal legal research Methodology. Primary data was secured from several sources, such as Acts, Laws, and Court Cases. While secondary data was collected from books, journal articles, and online databases. Both data are analyzed by using critical and analytical approaches.Findings: It is found that Arbitration Act 2005 (Act 646) and I-Arbitration Rules 2018 have been subjected to several amendments to align with the international norms and best practices. However, Malaysian lawmakers should start thinking out of the box by reinforcing the Islamic banking disputants with an effective resolution mechanism known as electronic arbitration (hereinafter referred to as “e-arbitration”). Doing so would facilitate prompt access to justice in Islamic banking disputes in Malaysia.Paper Type: Research Article

E-arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in Islamic banking disputes in Malaysia

Malaysia applies traditional arbitration as one of the mechanisms to resolve Islamic banking disputes. However, many opined that traditional arbitration is riddled with problems that need a prompt intervention. By adopting a doctrinal research method, this thesis examines the possibility of introducing electronic arbitration or e-arbitration as an alternative mechanism to overcome the problems in the traditional arbitration. Therefore, in the context of Islamic banking dispute resolution in Malaysia, this thesis seeks to examine the challenges with traditional arbitration, to analyse the legal and non-legal requirements in establishing e-arbitration, and to recommend the implementation of e-arbitration in the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. The data was collected through the library-based approach and semi-structured interviews with lawyers, academicians, arbitrators, and a chief executive officer. Several methods of data analysis, such as critical, analytical and content analysis, were employed in analysing the data. The thesis began with the proposition that e-arbitration can be an alternative dispute resolution mechanism for Islamic banking disputes in Malaysia. The findings reveal that traditional arbitration is not fully effective and efficient in resolving Islamic banking disputes in Malaysia because of its inherent legal and nonlegal challenges. Despite this, the establishment of e-arbitration in Malaysia is fraught with many foreseeable problems as current arbitration framework does not accommodate e-arbitration. The idea of implementing e-arbitration is, however, not far-fetched. It requires some improvement to the current legal framework especially to the Arbitration Act 2005 (Act 646) and AIAC I-Arbitration Rules 2018 as well as to the non-legal aspect of e-arbitration such as the need for ensuring security and providing sufficient training. A legal framework for e-arbitration is, therefore suggested after taking into considerations the necessary improvements and requirements. This thesis also provides an e-arbitration model that illustrates the procedures required to resolve the Islamic banking disputes in Malaysia. The thesis concludes that e-arbitration is capable of addressing some major problems in traditional arbitration, along with the ability to offer new advantages to the Islamic banking disputants in Malaysia. Therefore, e-arbitration should be considered as one of the mechanisms in resolving Islamic Banking disputes in Malaysia

Contribution for analysing the intra-ply yarn sliding mechanism in preforming of the woven fabric

International audienceManufacturing complex composite part via Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes involves preforming dry textile perform before injecting the liquid resin. The defect that may be encountered within the textile structure during preforming step decreases the expected mechanical properties of the composite part. The intra-ply yarn sliding is a defect frequently observed during preforming of a woven preform but its mechanism is far from being fully understood. In this paper, a contribution for analyzing the mechanism of this defect and the influencing process parameters is presented. This analysis is based on an experimental study performed for one ply carbon fabric using a hemispheric punch. The effect of the ply orientation and blank holder force on the fabric behavior during preforming is evaluated regarding the required preforming force and yarn slippage. For the performed tests, it was obvious the impact of these two factors on the fabric behavior. The slippage phenomenon occurred in zones with low shear angles, for specific ply orientation. The fabric behavior has been analyzed by considering the evolution of the yarn tension which is related to the contact shear stress induced by sliding the fabric across the die and blank holder during preforming. Using an analytical model for the yarn tension in friction sliding, the influencing ply geometry and process parameters have been identified. Based on this analysis a solution relative the ply geometry to reduce the yarn tension is examined

Analysis of the multilayer woven fabric behaviour during the forming process: focus on the loss of cohesion within the woven fibre network

The first step in the composite manufacturing process consists of forming a flat textile reinforcing structure into a 3D shape. The quality of the final composite part is affected by the presence of defects induced during the forming process. Loss of cohesion in the woven fibre network (intra-ply yarn sliding) is a frequent defect in the forming process. It is expected when the cohesion between the yarns is weak or when the blank holder pressure is high. However, the mechanism of formation of this defect is not fully understood. In the present study, forming experiments with friction-based holder have been conducted for a monolayer twill woven carbon fabric in two orientations and for two plies of this fabric with different relative orientations. The occurrence of the intra-ply yarns sliding has been observed as a function of the blank holder pressure. A correlation between the occurrence of this defect and the fabric orientation has been noticed. Furthermore, the effect of the fabric orientation, number of plies, relative plies orientation and blank holder pressure on the recorded forming force and on the fabric in-plane shear is also reported and analysed

The innovative use of artificial intelligence in the arbitral tribunal: Malaysian perspective

-Arbitration is one of the mechanism for dispute resolution in Malaysia. This institution is not new and works as a complementary to the court system. The current arbitration institution still applying the traditional method in hearing the arbitral process. With the current development of technology, it seems that the adoption of new technology into this institution needs to be considered. Especially preparing this institution facing the era of IR4.0. Artificial intelligence is one of the tool which need to be addressed in the arbitration system. Is it possible to use the artificial intelligence as an arbitrator in hearing process? Whether the existing arbitration framework in Malaysia is ready to adopt such artificial intelligence? This article seeks to scrutinize the using of artificial intelligence into arbitration processes. Also to examine whether the existing arbitration framework is ready to use artificial intelligence in handling disputes especially the legal fraternity. By using library research methodology, this study found that, a lot of advantages of using artificial intelligent in arbitration processes. However in order to adopt artificial intelligent in this institution, several loopholes of the current arbitration framework need to be improved especially the legal aspect. Artificial intelligence able to work as a complimentary to the existing arbitration framework

Influence du nombre de couches sur les propriétés mécaniques de tissus 3D interlock chaine en lin

International audience3D warp interlock weaving allows to realize thicker preform for composites materials. Nevertheless, this technology is not widely used with natural fibres. This study demonstrates the feasibility of 3D warp interlock weaving with natural fibres, and the influence of the number of layers on structural and mechanical properties of this fabric. Thanks to the characterization results, structural parameters as the weft density, the thickness or the areal density have been found correlated to the number of layers. Mechanical parameters are also studied and explained thanks to structural parameters.Le tissage 3D interlock chaine permet de réaliser des préformes épaisses pour matériaux composites. Or, cette technologie est très peu employée pour des renforts à base de fibres naturelles. Cette étude démontre à la fois la faisabilité du tissage 3D interlock chaine pour les fibres naturelles et s'intéresse à l'influence du nombre de couches sur les propriétés structurelles et mécaniques. À partir de rovings de lin 1000 Tex, cinq tissus 3D interlock chaine, dérivée de la toile, ont été tissés. Suite à la chaine de caractérisation mise en place, de nombreux paramètres structuraux tels que la densité trame, l'épaisseur ou la masse surfacique sont proportionnels au nombre de couches de la structure tissée 3D interlock chaine. Le comportement en traction uni-axiale de ces structures sèches est également étudié via les paramètres structuraux

Modélisation constitutive du comportement cyclique des sables en condition drainée

Dans cette étude, une modélisation numérique simple du comportement des sables sous chargement cyclique est proposée ; la démarche proposée consiste, en condition drainée, à déterminer les paramètres caractérisant le chemin cyclique moyen du sol sous l’'effet de N cycles dûment caractérisés, et à traduire l'’effet cyclique par une déformation volumique cumulée ainsi que par une variation de module du sol. Dans cette étude on s’'intéresse à des essais triaxiaux cycliques simulés au moyen d’'un calcul en éléments finis utilisant le programme Plaxis. On détermine les paramètres d’'identification du premier cycle (charge-décharge) réalisé pas à pas en prenant, comme modèle de comportement du sol le modèle HSM. Puis le comportement après N cycles (N>1000) est simulé par la formulation proposée comme un pseudo-fluage. La comparaison de la méthode proposée à plusieurs essais triaxiaux cycliques confirme la bonne adaptation du modèle proposé à ce type de problème