Effects of condensed tannins on established populations and on incoming larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats

The use of tanniferous plants or tannins represents one alternative approach to the control of gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants but most data have been obtained in sheep. The current study was therefore performed in goats with two objectives: firstly, to investigate the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on adult populations of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta; secondly, to examine their effects on the establishment of infective larvae of these two species. In experiment 1, two groups of kids were infected with 6 000 L3 of T. colubriformis and 6 000 L3 of T. circumcincta. After 7 weeks, quebracho extracts were administered per os for 8 days to one group. A comparable group which did not receive tannins was included as the control. The kids were slaughtered on week 11. Parasitological and pathophysiological parameters were measured weekly. Worm counts were assessed and mast cells, globule leukocytes and eosinophils were counted in the abomasal and intestinal mucosae. Tannin administration was associated with a decrease in egg excretion, and a decrease in female fecundity, but with no changes in worm numbers. These changes were associated with an increased number of intestinal mast cells. In experiment 2, 24 goats were used according to a 2 2 factorial design, depending on infection and tannin administration. Two groups were either infected with 6 000 L3 of T. colubriformis or T. circumcincta. Within each group, the goats were either drenched or undrenched with tannin extracts. Pathophysiological parameters were measured weekly. Twelve days after the cessation of tannin administration, the goats were slaughtered. Worm counts and female worm fecundity were determined. Tannin consumption was associated with a significant reduction (P < 0.001) of Trichostrongylus populations and a close to significant reduction for Teladorsagia. No effect on fecundity was observed. Our results (1) confirm the consequences of condensed tannins on nematodes in goats as in sheep and (2) indicate divergent effects depending on the parasitic stage exposed to the condensed tannins

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How Context Matters: Predicting Men's Homophobic Slang Use

This is the Author's Pre-Print. The journal's official website is: http://jls.sagepub.com.This manuscript reports two experiments exploring heterosexual men’s use of homophobic slang in social contexts, varied by sex-ratio. Study 1 (N = 127) experimentally demonstrated that compared to a mixed-sex audience, heterosexual men with an all-male audience reported higher levels of hetero-identity concern (HIC) and more homophobic slang use; these men had similar levels of HIC compared to men with an all-female audience. Study 2 replicated Study 1’s mean difference tests, and explored whether the relationship between HIC and homophobic slang was affected by group sex-ratio and social norms. Results suggest the relationship between HIC and homophobic slang was significant only in all-male and mixed-sex audiences, and the norm of noninterference was predictive of homophobic slang only in all-male groups

Black hole entropy and renormalization

Using a new regulator, we examine 't Hooft's approach for evaluating black hole entropy through a statistical-mechanical counting of states for a scalar field propagating outside the event horizon. We find that this calculation yields precisely the one-loop renormalization of the standard Bekenstein-Hawking formula, S={\Cal A}/(4G). Thus our result provides evidence confirming a suggestion by Susskind and Uglum regarding black hole entropy

Hydrazine decomposition and other reactions

This invention relates to the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine, catalysts useful for this decomposition and other reactions, and to reactions in hydrogen atmospheres generally using carbon-containing catalysts

Conseil supérieur de la propriété littéraire et artistique : rapport d\u27activité 2002-2004

Fonctionnement, organisation et missions du CSPLA : droit du multimédia et des contenus numériques en ligne

Conseil supérieur de la propriété littéraire et artistique : rapport d\u27activité 2004-2006

Fonctionnement, organisation et missions du CSPLA : droit du multimédia et des contenus numériques en ligne