O MONITORAMENTO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE GESTANTES ADOLESCENTES DA REGIÃO NORDESTE: ANÁLISE DE DADOS DO SISVAN

Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem due to its biological, psychological, economic and family consequences, which can affect the country's socioeconomic indicators, mainly because it occurs early and unplanned. There are several factors that lead to pregnancy at this stage of life, including low education, socioeconomic aspects, reduced age range at menarche and first sexual intercourse and lack of information about contraceptive methods. This is an epidemiological, descriptive, ecological and quantitative study, developed using secondary data from pregnant adolescents benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program in 2022. The data were extracted from public reports from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) of the Department of Information in the Unified Health System (DATASUS). To generate the reports, the states of the Northeast region were grouped, the variables “pregnant” life stage and “adolescent” age were grouped for the data source system “Bolsa Família management system – DATASUS”. Data from 240,769 pregnant adolescents were analyzed for the period from 2019 to 2022 in the nine states of the Northeast region. The year 2022 had the highest number of pregnant women monitored (n=71,848). There was a predominance of adequate weight throughout the analyzed period (40.7%), followed by the classification of underweight (32.05%) and overweight (27.1%). Paraíba has the highest prevalence of underweight at 44%. Maranhão has the highest percentage of pregnant women with normal weight (43.6%). Rio Grande do Norte has the highest number of overweight pregnant women, 32.8% (n=3,488). Despite the prevalence of adequate weight, the results obtained in this research draw attention to the high rate of underweight in the Northeast region, mainly in the states of Paraíba and Maranhão. Dietary guidance in maintaining nutritional status becomes effective in intervening in risk situations, such as malnutrition and excess weight, especially in cases of teenage pregnancy.A gravidez na adolescência constitui um problema de saúde pública em função das consequências biológicas, psicológicas, econômicas e familiares, que podem afetar os indicadores socioeconômicos do país, principalmente por ocorrer de forma precoce e não planejada. São diversos os fatores que levam a uma gravidez nesta fase da vida, dentre eles, a baixa escolaridade, aspectos socioeconômicos, redução da faixa etária da menarca e da primeira relação sexual e a falta de informações sobre os métodos contraceptivos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, ecológico e quantitativo, desenvolvido através de dados secundários das gestantes adolescentes beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família no ano de 2022. Os dados foram extraídos de relatórios públicos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) do Departamento de Informação no Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Para a geração dos relatórios foi agrupado os estados da região Nordeste, as variáveis fase da vida “gestante” e idade “adolescente”, para o sistema de origem dos dados “sistema de gestão do Bolsa Família – DATASUS”. Foram analisados dados de 240.769 gestantes adolescentes referentes ao período de 2019 a 2022 nos nove estados da região Nordeste. O ano de 2022 apresentou o maior número de gestantes acompanhadas (n=71.848). Houve predominância de peso adequado em todo o período analisado (40,7%), seguido da classificação de baixo peso (32,05%) e excesso de peso (27,1%). A Paraíba apresenta maior prevalência de baixo peso com 44%. O Maranhão apresenta maior percentual de gestantes com peso eutrófico (43,6%). O Rio Grande do Norte possui maior número de gestantes acima do peso 32,8% (n=3.488). Apesar da prevalência de peso adequado, os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, chamam atenção para elevada taxa de baixo peso na região Nordeste, principalmente nos estados da Paraíba e Maranhão. A orientação dietética na manutenção do estado nutricional torna-se eficaz em intervir em situações de risco, como a desnutrição e o excesso de peso, principalmente em casos de gravidez na adolescência

Harnessing the NEON data revolution to advance open environmental science with a diverse and data-capable community

It is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation—across existing networks and different suites of ecological measurements and sensors. Next, a synthesis of early NEON science, based on >100 existing publications, funded proposal efforts, and emergent science at the very first NEON Science Summit (hosted by Earth Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in October 2019) is provided. Key questions that the ecology community will address with NEON data in the next 10 yr are outlined, from understanding drivers of biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales to defining complex feedback mechanisms in human–environmental systems. Last, the essential elements needed to engage and support a diverse and inclusive NEON user community are highlighted: training resources and tools that are openly available, funding for broad community engagement initiatives, and a mechanism to share and advertise those opportunities. NEON users require both the skills to work with NEON data and the ecological or environmental science domain knowledge to understand and interpret them. This paper synthesizes early directions in the community’s use of NEON data, and opportunities for the next 10 yr of NEON operations in emergent science themes, open science best practices, education and training, and community building

Data from: Successful recovery of native plants post-invasive removal in forest understories is driven by native community features

Temperate forest understories hold the majority of the plant diversity present in these ecosystems and play an essential role in the recruitment and establishment of native trees. However, the long-term persistence of healthy forest understories is threatened by the impacts of invasive plants. As a result, a common practice is the removal of the agent of invasion. Despite this, we know little about the success of these practices and lack a comprehensive understanding of what intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the recovery. In a multi-year field experiment, we investigated (Q1) whether native propagule availability drove native community recovery, (Q2) what the characteristics of successfully recovering communities were, and (Q3) under which environmental conditions recovery rates were faster. After initial removal of invasives, we seeded native species to manipulate assembly history and mimic restoration practices, we also implemented a repeated, vs. once, removal treatment, all in a full-factorial design. We collected data on plant species composition and abundance (i.e., species level percent cover) and on environmental conditions (i.e., light and soil water availability) in the three subsequent summers. Our results show that native community recovery rates were independent of seeding additions or frequency of invasive plant removal. The fastest rates of recovery were associated with high native species richness, native communities with higher values of specific leaf area (SLA), and low drought stress years. Our results suggest that restoration practices post-invasive plant removal should be tailored to enhance natural dispersal, or artificial addition if the resident community is species-poor, of native species with traits compatible with high resource availability, such as species with high SLA. In addition to the importance of the native community characteristics, our results underscore the need for assessing environmental conditions, favoring management practices during years of low drought stress to maximize native community recovery.Funding provided by: National Science FoundationCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001Award Number: DEB-1252664Funding provided by: University of MichiganCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007270Award Number

DataSheet_1_Trait-related functional changes in understory forest community after invasion are driven by complementarity rather than displacement.docx

Forests support a variety of functions essential for the provisioning of ecosystem services. However, invasive plants can disrupt forest functioning, particularly in temperate forest understories that commonly experience invasive plant encroachment, by altering community-level trait distributions. Invasive plants, frequently characterized by acquisitive traits such as higher specific leaf area and nitrogen content, may either outcompete native species with different trait values (displacement), or add trait values to the existing community (complementarity). Therefore, complementarity may still allow restoration of the original community function by removing invasive species, and consequently the added provision of function when compared to the natives, but displacement may not. While understanding which process occurs is critical in managing ecosystem functionality, little is known about the impact of invasion on the co-occurring native community trait distributions. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged survey data on temperate forest understories that varied in their degree of invasion (i.e., gradient of invasion). We calculated the community-weighted mean of three leaf traits: leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content – traits strongly linked to invasion, sensitive to environmental changes, and that affect ecosystem functions. Our findings show that increasing invasion had a significant positive effect on total (native and invasive) community leaf nitrogen, but did not alter native community trait distributions. This suggests that potential impacts on ecosystem functions, such as increased primary productivity and nitrogen cycling, would be primarily driven by trait complementarity and not displacement. We did not find any significant differences in the total or native communities with respect to specific leaf area or leaf dry matter content. Differentiating trait displacement from trait complementarity contributes to our understanding of how invasion affects functionality of understory plant communities in forests. Additionally, it provides a valuable framework to facilitate evidence-based decisions for the management of ecosystem functionality.</p

Management priorities for exotic plants in an urban Atlantic Forest reserve

ABSTRACT Biological diversity is directly affected by alien species, even though the diagnosed impacts vary with scale. Early identification of the invasion of natural patches is essential for effective conservation actions. We aimed to determine the exotic plant species present inside Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI), an urban protected area located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and their relative proportions of occurrence in the native forest. Our goal was to use these data to assess their invasion status according to specific literature and to define management priorities for them. Therefore, we surveyed the presence of exotic plants within the canopy layer and understory of three native forest areas with different levels of disturbance. We found ten exotic plant species. The species found in both strata (60 %) were considered non-dominant ruderal. We assessed the density:coverage ratio to try to distinguish groups of priority, and found Livistona chinensis, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, and Syzygium jambos to be classified as high priority for management. The early stage of the invasion process at PEFI indicates it is an area of high conservation value, and so we provide recommendations for management priorities prior to severe changes in the composition of the natural plant community

Cenários ambientais para o ordenamento territorial de áreas de preservação permanente no município de Sorocaba, SP

Este estudo objetivou analisar a importância das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) para a manutenção dos remanescentes florestais no município de Sorocaba, SP. O mapa desses remanescentes foi elaborado com base em fotografias aéreas de 2006, e mapas de hidrografia e de declividade foram usados para determinação das APP. Compararam-se dois cenários: real (mata atual) e ideal (mata atual acrescida da restauração das APP), com base em métricas da paisagem. Os resultados indicaram que 19% do município se enquadra como APP e, dessa área, apenas 45% possui cobertura florestal. As APP preservadas representam 50% do total de cobertura florestal da paisagem. A restauração das APP representaria aumento de 16,68% para 28% de cobertura florestal da paisagem e possibilitaria o surgimento de fragmentos maiores que 3.000 ha, enquanto no cenário real os maiores fragmentos atingem 300 ha. Os remanescentes florestais se apresentaram intimamente ligados às APP: margens de rios, áreas alagáveis e encostas, onde a ocupação urbana foi dificultada e existe o instrumento legal de proteção. Esse quadro evidencia que as APP possuem papel fundamental na conservação florestal em um município bastante urbanizado, onde as áreas naturais sofrem muita pressão. A avaliação dos cenários mostrou que a incorporação dos dispositivos legais no planejamento e ordenamento territorial subsidia as estratégias voltadas para a manutenção de hábitats naturais e, consequentemente, a diminuição dos efeitos negativos sobre a biodiversidade. Entretanto, as mudanças recentes no Código Florestal podem representar um retrocesso no cenário ambiental nacional diante da crescente urbanização

CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM AO PACIENTE COM TUBERCULOSE PULMONAR

Introdução: A tuberculose é uma doença infecto-contagiosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objetivo: comparar as informações da literatura acerca da Tuberculose com os sinais e sintomas encontrados no paciente, descrever os cuidados de enfermagem, o tratamento farmacológico e a evolução clínica do mesmo. Método: Realizou-se acompanhamento do paciente durante a internação, 18 a 24 de Outubro de 2009, por meio de entrevista, exame físico e análise do prontuário. Resultados: Os sinais clínicos foram ao encontro daqueles encontrados na literatura. Os cuidados de enfermagem realizados foram: higiene do couro cabeludo e oral; aplicação de óleo mineral após Higiene Corporal; reposição de Líquidos e eletrólitos; estímulo a ingestão alimentar; encaminhamento à avaliação odontológica; administração das medicações prescritas; relatar ao médico os achados no hipocôndrio direito; realização de HGT e nebulização; avaliação da permeabilidade e do aspecto da punção venosa. Conclusão: Obteve-se aprendizado sobre o tema e o papel da enfermagem