7 research outputs found
Genome-wide analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) mucin genes and their role as biomarkers
The aim of this study was to identify potential mucin genes in the Atlantic salmon genome and evaluate tissue-specific distribution and transcriptional regulation in response to aquaculture-relevant stress conditions in post-smolts. Seven secreted gel-forming mucin genes were identified based on several layers of evidence; annotation, transcription, phylogeny and domain structure. Two genes were annotated as muc2 and five genes as muc5. The muc2 genes were predominantly transcribed in the intestinal region while the different genes in the muc5 family were mainly transcribed in either skin, gill or pyloric caeca. In order to investigate transcriptional regulation of mucins during stress conditions, two controlled experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, handling stress induced mucin transcription in the gill, while transcription decreased in the skin and intestine. In the second experiment, long term intensive rearing conditions (fish biomass ~125 kg/m3) interrupted by additional confinement led to increased transcription of mucin genes in the skin at one, seven and fourteen days post-confinement
The validity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) as screening instrument with Kurdish and Arab displaced populations living in the Kurdistan region of Iraq
The Impact of Covid-19 Experiences and Associated Stress on Anxiety, Depression, and Functional Impairment in American Adults
Gene expression analysis of Atlantic salmon gills reveals mucin 5 and interleukin 4/13 as key molecules during amoebic gill disease
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the main diseases affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
mariculture. Hallmarks of AGD are hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium and increased production
of gill mucus. This study investigated the expression of genes involved in mucus secretion, cell cycle
regulation, immunity and oxidative stress in gills using a targeted 21-gene PCR array. Gill samples
were obtained from experimental and natural Neoparamoeba perurans infections, and sampling points
included progressive infection stages and post-freshwater treatment. Up-regulation of genes related
to mucin secretion and cell proliferation, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic
genes were associated with AGD severity, while partial restoration of the gill homeostasis was detected
post-treatment. Mucins and Th2 cytokines accoun ted for most of the variability observed between
groups highlighting their key role in AGD. Two mucins (muc5, muc18) showed differential regulation upon
disease. Substantial up-regulation of the secreted muc5 was detected in clinical AGD, and the membrane
bound muc18 showed an opposite pattern. Th2 cytokines, il4/13a and il4/13b2, were significantly upregulated
from 2 days post-infection onwards, and changes were lesion-specific. Despite the differences
between experimental and natural infections, both yielded comparable results that underline the
importance of the studied genes in the respiratory organs of fish, and during AGD progression.Irish Research Council (Employment Based Postgraduate Programme Project ID EBPPG/2013/2)European Commission under the TNA programme (project ID AE030036) within AQUAEXCEL2020 project (652831).CSIC PIE project no. 201740E013.Peer reviewe