ANALISA KARAKTERISTIK PUPUK KOMPOS BERBAHAN BATANG PISANG

Soil as a place to grow plants must have the enough nutrient to support the plant growth. The use of inorganic fertilizers continuously can caused decreasing the soil fertility and soil organic matters, so if not fixed immediately that land no longer able to produce on the optimum level and sustainable. The solution to overcome this problem is the addition of organic matter . Compost made from banana stems can be an alternative option that can aim to minimized the waste of unused banana stems. Organic materials that do not decompose completely will cause harmful effects. Therefore the government made Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. The rules drawn up to regulate product quality compost so as to protect consumers and prevent environmental pollution. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of compost made from banana stems . Each parameter will be tested and compared with the minimum technical requirements of solid organic fertilizer contained in Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. The result showed that compost made from banana stem has a quality that is in accordance with the quality of the minimum technical requirements Solid Organic Fertilizer Permentan Nomor 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 includes parameters C-organic , C / N ratio , pH H2O , ( N + P2O5 + K2O ) , Fe total , Fe available , Mn total , Zn total, Pb total, Cd total, Microbial contaminants and Microbial Functional ( fastening N and Solvents P)

Procedures Manual (LAPM)

LPPs are Local Programs Procedures. These documents are used for the rapid deployment of new procedures and policies between updates of Local Assistance manuals, guidelines and programs. They are numbered according to calendar year and order in which released. This is the 7 th LPP issued in 2004; hence, it is LPP 04-07. PURPOSE The purpose of this LPP is to: • Cite the appropriate authority for EEO Contractor Compliance pursuant to the FHWA Order 4710.8, dated February 1, 1999; as well as to provide standard “EEO Contractor Compliance ” review report procedures based on the appropriate authority. • In addition, this LPP makes corrections to LPP 04-01 Chapter 15, “Advertise and Awar

Setting priorities for land management to mitigate climate change

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>No consensus has been reached how to measure the effectiveness of climate change mitigation in the land-use sector and how to prioritize land use accordingly. We used the long-term cumulative and average sectorial C stocks in biomass, soil and products, C stock changes, the substitution of fossil energy and of energy-intensive products, and net present value (NPV) as evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of a hectare of productive land to mitigate climate change and produce economic returns. We evaluated land management options using real-life data of Thuringia, a region representative for central-western European conditions, and input from life cycle assessment, with a carbon-tracking model. We focused on solid biomass use for energy production.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In forestry, the traditional timber production was most economically viable and most climate-friendly due to an assumed recycling rate of 80% of wood products for bioenergy. Intensification towards "pure bioenergy production" would reduce the average sectorial C stocks and the C substitution and would turn NPV negative. In the forest conservation (non-use) option, the sectorial C stocks increased by 52% against timber production, which was not compensated by foregone wood products and C substitution. Among the cropland options wheat for food with straw use for energy, whole cereals for energy, and short rotation coppice for bioenergy the latter was most climate-friendly. However, specific subsidies or incentives for perennials would be needed to favour this option.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>When using the harvested products as materials prior to energy use there is no climate argument to support intensification by switching from sawn-wood timber production towards energy-wood in forestry systems. A legal framework would be needed to ensure that harvested products are first used for raw materials prior to energy use. Only an effective recycling of biomaterials frees land for long-term sustained C sequestration by conservation. Reuse cascades avoid additional emissions from shifting production or intensification.</p