Trayectorias de la etnohistoria en la Argentina (1936-2006)

Este es un repaso de los estudios etnohistóricos en nuestro país, incluye los de aquellos pioneros que no participaron completamente de los enfoques actuales. Presentamos los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos característicos de esta disciplina que plantea preguntas antropológicas a las fuentes históricas. Ellas nos aportan información sobre las sociedades sujetas primero a la colonización española, y posteriormente incorporadas a los estados-nación. Nos referimos a diferentes investigaciones en distintos ámbitos académicos de nuestro país que han abordado problemáticas ligadas a procesos de reconfiguraciones étnicas, mestizaje, rebeliones, adaptaciones y negociaciones por la supervivencia y la identidad y su vinculación con los grupos hegemónicos. Sin pretender ser exhaustivas, exponemos las líneas que más se han destacado y que, a su vez, pueden guiar al lector hacia otros estudios igualmente meritorios.This is a review of Argentina’s ethnohistorical studies covering even pioneer works which did not fully participate in current approaches. We also present some theoretical and methodological aspects typical of a discipline that posits anthropological questions to historical sources. They offer information concerning societies subjected to Spanish colonization first, and incorporated to Nation-states later. We highlight academic research focusing on processes of ethnic reconfiguration, miscegenation, rebellions, adaptations and negotiations for survival and identity linked to hegemonic groups. These are the most outstanding lines of research and they could lead the reader to other well-developed studies.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Trayectorias de la etnohistoria en la Argentina (1936-2006)

Este es un repaso de los estudios etnohistóricos en nuestro país, incluye los de aquellos pioneros que no participaron completamente de los enfoques actuales. Presentamos los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos característicos de esta disciplina que plantea preguntas antropológicas a las fuentes históricas. Ellas nos aportan información sobre las sociedades sujetas primero a la colonización española, y posteriormente incorporadas a los estados-nación. Nos referimos a diferentes investigaciones en distintos ámbitos académicos de nuestro país que han abordado problemáticas ligadas a procesos de reconfiguraciones étnicas, mestizaje, rebeliones, adaptaciones y negociaciones por la supervivencia y la identidad y su vinculación con los grupos hegemónicos. Sin pretender ser exhaustivas, exponemos las líneas que más se han destacado y que, a su vez, pueden guiar al lector hacia otros estudios igualmente meritorios.This is a review of Argentina’s ethnohistorical studies covering even pioneer works which did not fully participate in current approaches. We also present some theoretical and methodological aspects typical of a discipline that posits anthropological questions to historical sources. They offer information concerning societies subjected to Spanish colonization first, and incorporated to Nation-states later. We highlight academic research focusing on processes of ethnic reconfiguration, miscegenation, rebellions, adaptations and negotiations for survival and identity linked to hegemonic groups. These are the most outstanding lines of research and they could lead the reader to other well-developed studies.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Trayectorias de la etnohistoria en la Argentina (1936-2006)

Este es un repaso de los estudios etnohistóricos en nuestro país, incluye los de aquellos pioneros que no participaron completamente de los enfoques actuales. Presentamos los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos característicos de esta disciplina que plantea preguntas antropológicas a las fuentes históricas. Ellas nos aportan información sobre las sociedades sujetas primero a la colonización española, y posteriormente incorporadas a los estados-nación. Nos referimos a diferentes investigaciones en distintos ámbitos académicos de nuestro país que han abordado problemáticas ligadas a procesos de reconfiguraciones étnicas, mestizaje, rebeliones, adaptaciones y negociaciones por la supervivencia y la identidad y su vinculación con los grupos hegemónicos. Sin pretender ser exhaustivas, exponemos las líneas que más se han destacado y que, a su vez, pueden guiar al lector hacia otros estudios igualmente meritorios.This is a review of Argentina’s ethnohistorical studies covering even pioneer works which did not fully participate in current approaches. We also present some theoretical and methodological aspects typical of a discipline that posits anthropological questions to historical sources. They offer information concerning societies subjected to Spanish colonization first, and incorporated to Nation-states later. We highlight academic research focusing on processes of ethnic reconfiguration, miscegenation, rebellions, adaptations and negotiations for survival and identity linked to hegemonic groups. These are the most outstanding lines of research and they could lead the reader to other well-developed studies.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Areias quartzosas da bacia do Ribeirão do Lobo (Brotas-Itirapina, SP) II: características mineralógicas e químicas

Aspectos mineralógicos e químicos foram estudados em três perfis de Areias Quartzosas localizados em uma toposequência da Bacia do Ribeirão do Lobo, nos municípios de Brotas e Itirapina, no Estado de São Paulo. A homogeneidade mineralógica observada entre os horizontes e entre os perfis permite que se conclua serem estes solos derivados do mesmo material de origem. A maturidade mineralógica e arredondamento dos grãos do resíduo pesado indicam que os solos estudados sofreram a mesma intensidade de transporte. Quimicamente são solos distróficos, caracterizados por reação ácida, baixos valores de soma de bases e elevada saturação com alumínio,determinando caráter álico.Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of three Psammic Soils occurring in the Lobo Creek Basin, situated at different topographic levels in Itirapina and Brotas municipalities were studied. The mineralogical homogeneity observed between horizons and profiles allows for the conclusion that these soils are derived from the same kind of parent material. The mineralogical maturity and the degree of roundness of the heavy residue indicate that these soils were subjected to the same intensity of transport. The chemical characteristics indicate that the soils present acid reaction and a distrophic and an alic character

Efeito de níveis de metionina sobre o número de furos do disco germinal de ovos de codornas.

Com o objetivo de predizer resultados de incubatório, avaliou-se o número de furos, feitos por espermatozoides, próximos ao disco germinal de ovos de codornas que receberam diferentes níveis de metionina na dieta, formulada à base de milho e farelo de soja, sendo os tratamentos: T1 = sem adição de metionina, somente a aportada pelos alimentos, T2 = inclusão de metionina estabelecida de acordo com Rostagno et al. (2011) para a espécie e T3 = inclusão de 20% superior à recomendada para a espécie (T2). Os ovos foram coletados, processados e o número de furos avaliado. Este trabalho não encontrou diferença significativa para os níveis de metionina testados. With the aim to predict hatching results, the number of sperm holes in the germinal disc area of Japanese quail eggs submitted to different dietary methionine content were counted. Treatments were stablished as: T1 = no supplementary methionine (just from the ingredients content), T2 = methionine content according to Rostagno et al. (2011), and T3 = T2 plus 20% additional methionine. The eggs were collected, processed, and the number of holes in the germinal disc area were recorded. No significant difference was observed for the dietary methionine levels tested

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz: XXV. Exigências nutricionais da variedade Dourado Precoce

Rice plants, Dourado Precoce, were grown in nutrient solution in order to study its nutritional requirement as well as the accumulation of dry matter and macro and micronutrients (excet Mo) during the life cycle. Demand for mineral elements followed the following decreasing order: macronutrients -K, N, Ca, Mg and S; micronutrients - Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B. Dry matter yield reached a maximun 100 days after germination (DAG), whereas accumulation of elements showed the geghest values at largest (140 DAG).Em condições de solução nutritiva foi cultivado o arroz Dourado Precoce com a finalidade de se estudar a marcha de absorção de nutrientes e as exigências minerais. Verificou-se que as exigências minerais obedecem a seguinte ordem decrescente: macronutrientes -K, N, Ca, Mg e S; micronutrientes -Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn e B. A produção de matéria seca atingiu o pico aos 100 dias após a germinação (DAG). A acumulação de macro e micronutrientes na planta foi, entretanto, máxima no fim do ciclo (140 DAG)

Colonial Metaphors: Symbolic Approaches to the Chaco Tierra Adentro

La expresión tierra adentro pertenece al vocabulario de las fuentes coloniales y es también utilizada en el ámbito académico para los estudios de frontera; sin embargo, aún no hemos reflexionado sobre sus usos y sentidos. En este trabajo adopto una perspectiva etnográfica orientada a las fronteras del Chaco durante el siglo XVIII, con la intención de abordar la dimensión simbólica de tierra adentro, atendiendo a los distintos sentidos adheridos a ella durante la Colonia y a las prácticas de dominación asociadas a esas significaciones. Considero, también, su incorporación como categoría de análisis a los estudios académicos sobre los espacios de frontera. Los datos provienen de un gran número de documentos escritos durante la Colonia y fueron examinados desde la propuesta de la antropología histórica: la crítica textual y contextual, la lectura transversal y la interpretación de las situaciones sociales del pasado, entre otras. Tierra adentro condensa un amplio abanico de significados arraigados en el imaginario colonial, que condicionaron la percepción de los grupos indígenas no sometidos y de sus territorios; esos significados ?que se expresan en términos metafóricos? promovieron y habilitaron políticas de sometimiento; el uso de esta expresión en el ámbito académico va de la mano de cierta conceptualización sobre la tierra adentro sobre la que recién se ha comenzado a reflexionar. Este trabajo aporta a la desnaturalización de una expresión habitualmente utilizada, pero sobre cuyos significados intrínsecos aún no se han formulado definiciones ni debates. De esta manera, contribuye a la discusión crítica en cuanto al uso y los alcances teóricos del vocabulario heredado de las fuentes documentales para la investigación histórico-antropológica y propone algunos aspectos comunes que podrían aplicarse a otros espacios concebidos como tierra adentro durante la experiencia colonial.The expression tierra adentro belongs to the language of colonial sources and although it is also used in academia in border studies, we are yet to reflect on its uses and meanings. In this work, I adopt an ethnographic perspective focusing on the frontiers of the Chaco province during the 18th century, in order to address the symbolic dimension of the tierra adentro, paying attention to the different meanings attached to it during the colonial period and the practices of domination associated with those meanings. I also consider its incorporation as a category of analysis in academic border studies. The data come from a large number of documents written during the colonial period, which I examined based on historical anthropology approach: Textual and contextual criticism, transversal reading, and interpretation of past social situations, among others. Tierra adentro condenses a wide range of meanings rooted in the colonial imaginary, which conditioned the perception of non-submissive indigenous groups and their territories; these meanings —expressed in metaphorical terms— promoted and enabled policies of submission. The use of this expression in the academic sphere goes hand in hand with a certain conceptualization of tierra adentro which has only recently begun to be addressed. This work supports the denaturalization of an expression that is commonly used but whose intrinsic meanings have not yet been properly defined or debated. Accordingly, it adds to the critical discussion regarding the use and theoretical scope of the vocabulary acquired from documentary sources for historical-anthropological research and it proposes some common aspects that could be applied to other spaces that were conceived as tierra adentro during the colonial experience.Fil: Lucaioli, Carina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentin

Surface runoff and accelerated erosion in a peri‑urban wellhead area in southeastern Brazil

Degradation of hydrological conditions can adversely impact water resource quality and quantity. This degradation can generate social and economic losses, including losses for users outside the basin area. Therefore, studies focusing on surface runof and accelerated erosion processes are needed to enable interventions that address degradation-induced challenges. In the present study, the surface runof and accelerated erosion potential of the Feijão River basin were presented in charts at a 1:50,000 scale. The Feijão River basin has an area of 243.16 km2 and is used as the main water source for the city of São Carlos, Brazil. Geoenvironmental attributes, such as substrate, climate, relief, soil, water bodies and land cover and use, were integrated and assessed in a GIS environment, using a multicriteria analysis and weighted sum tool. The results show that a large part of the area (86.12% of the basin) exhibits a low surface runof potential and a moderate accelerated erosion potential. Accelerated erosive processes are triggered by changes in soil cover and have a direct relationship with the removal of existing vegetation and implementation of anthropogenic activities. In this case, as well as for most of the areas in southeastern Brazil, extensive grazing followed by sugar cane cultivation was the main driving force of erosion, acting as trigger for accelerated erosive processes at the water source area