Modelling dissolution of sparingly soluble powders

The present work deals with the simulation of the dissolution process of polydisperse powders. Three different size fractions of Ibuprofen were used to develop a model which assumes a diffusion layer thickness proportional to the particle diameter, up to a critical value, beyond which it is considered constant. The application of the resultant integrated equations to each size class of the primary particle size distribution leads to an almost perfect agreement between simulated and experimental dissolution profiles

Galinheiro móvel com estrutura metálica para criação de frangos em semiconfinamento.

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Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para tamanho de leitegada em suínos da raça Landrace com a utilização de um modelo tricaracterístico.

Projeto: 02.09.07.007

Diversity of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

The sugarcane (Saccharum spp) presents economic importance, mainly for tropical regions, being an important Brazilian commodity. However, this crop is strongly dependent on fertilizers, mainly nitrogen (N). This study assessed the plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated with sugarcane that could be used as a potential inoculant to the crop. We evaluated the genetic diversity of PGPB in the plant tissue of sugarcane varieties (RB 867515, RB 1011, and RB 92579). The primer BOX-A1R was used to differentiate the similar isolated and further sequencing 16S rRNA ribosomal gene. The 16S rRNA gene showed the presence of seven different genera distributed into four groups, the genus Bacillus, followed by Paenibacillus (20%), Burkholderia (14%), Herbaspirillum (6%), Pseudomonas (6%), Methylobacterium (6%), and Brevibacillus (3%). The molecular characterization of endophytic isolates from sugarcane revealed a diversity of bacteria colonizing this plant, with a possible biotechnological potential to be used as inoculant and biofertilizers

Cocoa byproduct in diets for dairy heifers.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substituting Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton 85) with levels of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) byproduct (0, 8, 16, and 24%, diet dry matter basis) in the diet of 16 Holstein × Gir heifers with an average body weight of 363.0±27.7 kg on their nutrient intake, digestibility, and protein balance. The experimental period was 17 days, and the sample collection period was five days. There was no effect of cocoa byproduct on nutrient intake. However, the byproduct affected the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, all of which decreased as the level of inclusion of the byproduct in the diet was increased. Nitrogen balance was negatively affected by the inclusion of 24% cocoa byproduct. It is recommended to use cocoa byproduct up to the level of 16% to replace Tifton 85 grass hay in diets for dairy heifers

Supply of cashew bagasse for Haemonchus contortus control in sheep.

Due to the inadequate and non-targeted use of anthelmintics, helminthiasis is a common disease in small ruminants.Boletim de Indústria Animal, v. 74

Manejo reprodutivo.

Fatores que influenciam o desempenho reprodutivo de caprinos e ovinos; Puberdade e maturidade sexual; Ciclo estral e estro; Anestro pós-parto e intervalo entre partos; Estação do Ano; Ordem de parto; Tipo de nascimento; Regime de amamentação das crias; Condição corporal; Suplementação alimentar; Manejo reprodutivo de caprinos e ovinos; Escrituração Zootécnica; Descarte orientado; Seleção de matrizes e reprodutores; Redução do Intervalo de Partos (IEP); Estação de monta; Estação de monta não-controlada a campo; Estação de monta controlada; Rufiões; Preparação dos animais para estação de monta; Efeito Macho; Manejo da fêmea gestante; Recomendações gerais para as fêmeas prenhez; Manejo das fêmeas no pré e no pós-parto; Manejo das crias; Aleitamento artificial; Desmame; Separação por sexo; Castração; Biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução de caprinos e ovinos; Diagnóstico precoce de prenhez; Inseminação artificial transcervical; Sincronização do estro e indução da ovulação; Múltipla ovulação e transferência de embriões (MOTE)

Multi-trait and repeatability models for genetic evaluation of litter traits in pigs considering different farrowings.

Abstract: We aimed to compare multi-trait and repeatability models to estimate genetic parameters for the traits number of piglets born alive (NBA) and alive at 3 week of age (NP3), litter weight at birth (LW0) and at 3 week of age (LW3), and mean piglet weight at birth (MW0) and at 3 week of age (MW3), considering the first three farrowings of Landrace sows. Heritability (h2) estimates showed an increasing pattern up to the third farrowing for LW0 and MW3. For NBA, NP3, LW3, and MW0 h2 increased from the first to the second and decreased from the second to the third farrowing. In general, heritability estimated in the repeatability model was lower than the mean of the estimates in the multi-trait model. The traits LWO, MW0, and MW3 presented high genetic correlation among different farrowings (0.961? 0.997), while NBA, NP3, and LW3 (0.092?0.986) presented irregular values among farrowings. The corrected Akaike information criterion shows that the repeatability model is not indicated for almost all of the studied traits. These results indicate that the multi-trait model is recommended for genetic evaluation of the traits number of piglets born alive and alive at 3 week of age, litter weight and mean piglet weight at birth and 3 week of age, in different farrowings, as different traits. Resumo: Objetivou-se comparar os modelos multicaracterístico e de repetibilidade na estimação de parâmetros genéticos para as características número de leitões nascidos vivos (NLN) e às três semanas de idade (NL3), peso da leitegada ao nascimento (PLN) e às três semanas de idade (PL3), e peso médio do leitão ao nascimento (PMLN) e às três semanas de idade (PML3), considerando os três primeiros partos de fêmeas da raça Landrace. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h2) aumentaram até a terceira ordem de parto para as características PLN e PML3. Para NLN, NL3, PL3 e PMLN as h2 aumentaram da primeira para a segunda parição e reduziram da segunda para terceira parição. Em geral, as herdabilidades estimadas via modelo de repetibilidade foram menores que a média das estimativas obtidas utilizando o modelo muticaracterístico. As características PLN, PMLN e PML3 apresentaram altas correlações genéticas entre as diferentes parições (0,961- 0,997), enquanto as características NLN, NL3 e PL3 (0,092-0,986) apresentaram valores irregulares de correlações genéticas entre as parições. Pelo critério de informação de Akaike corrigido o modelo de repetibilidade não foi indicado para a maioria das características estudadas. Esses resultados indicam que o modelo multicaracterístico é recomendado para avaliação genética das características número de leitões nascidos vivos e às três semanas de idade, peso da leitegada ao nascimento e às três semanas de idade e peso médio do leitão ao nascimento e às três semanas de idade, em diferentes parições, como características diferentes

Anti-thermal shock binding of liquid-state food waste to non-wood pellets.

Abstract: The development and implementation of strategies to assist safe and effective transport and storage of pellets in containers and indoor facilities without heating systems are challenging. This study primarily aimed to reshape the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a liquid-state binder in order to develop freezing?defrosting-proof non-wood pellets. The introduction of the standard solution of food waste into the process of pelleting consisted of stirring it together with the residual biomass from distillation of cellulosic bioethanol or alternatively spraying very fine droplets on the layer of the starting material before it entered the pilot-scale automatic machine at 200 MPa and 125 °C. The addition by spraying of carbohydrate-rich supplement boiled for five minutes caused the pellets to show increases in apparent density (1250.8500 kg·m?3), durability (99.7665%), and hydrophobicity (93.9785%), and consistently prevented them from suffering severe mechanical fracture by thermal shock. The fractal dimension of breakpoints, cracks, and delamination on the finished surface for these products was the smallest at 1.7500-1.7505. Sprayed pellets would fall into the strictest grid of products for residential heat-and-power units, even after freezing and defrosting. The conclusion is therefore that spraying can spectacularly ensure the reliability of liquid-state food waste as an anti-thermal shock binder for non-wood pellets