Prediction and Cross-validation of an Energy Expenditure Equation in Walking or Running in Asian Adults

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 932-940, 2021. The prevalence of obesity is increasing across the world. Knowledge of the actual energy expenditure (EE) of walking and running can lead to a more precise exercise prescription which may contribute to obesity reduction or avoidance. Limited research has focused on EE prediction during walking or running in Asian adults. So, the aims of this study included developing an EE prediction equation and cross-validating the equation for Asian adults. Methods: A total of 85 Asians participated to test EE through indirect calorimetry. Linear regression analysis was employed for EE prediction, and a dependent t-test and Chow statistical test were used to cross-validate the equation. Results: Predicting EE during walking or running, corrected for one mile, yielded the following equation: EE = 0.933 * (Body Weight) – 4.127 * Gender (M = 1, F = 2) + 44.256 (standard error of estimate, SEE = 12.1 kcal·mile-1). A dependent t-test revealed no significant difference between measured EE (101.4 ± 4.3 kcal) and predicted EE (100.0 ± 2.8 kcal) (p = 0.546). Also, the coefficients for body weight and gender between the development prediction equation and the predicted equation in the cross-validation group were not significantly different (p = 0.365). Conclusion: The cross-validation results supported the validity of our predicted equation in Asians. In a practical field setting, exercise professionals could apply this equation for assessing EE during walking or running, corrected for one mile, in normal weight (body fat percentage ≤ 22 for males, ≤ 35 for females) and overweight (body fat percentage \u3e 22 for males, \u3e 35 for females) Asian adults

Comparison and predicted equation of energy expenditure during walking or running among Caucasians, African Americans and Asians

Knowledge of measured energy expenditure (EE) during walking and running is important for exercise prescription. Further, research on the EE comparison and EE predicted equation during walking or running among different ethnicities is limited. The purpose of the current study was to compare EE to walk or run 1 mile in Caucasian, African American and Asian adults and to develop a regression equation to predict EE to walk or run 1 mile. Two hundred and twenty-four participants were included (71 Caucasians, 68 African Americans and 85 Asians) with 3 groups (normal weight walking, overweight walking and running). EE was measured via indirect calorimetry. Analysis of variance was used to compare EE across groups. Multiple regression analysis was employed for EE prediction, and the prediction equation was cross-validated. A significant EE difference was found between walking and running among three ethnicities. The prediction equation was: EE ​= ​0.978 Body Weight – 4.571 Gender (male=1; female=2) ​+ ​3.524 Ethnicities (Caucasians=1, African Americans=2, Asians=3) ​+ ​32.447 (standard error of estimate=12.5 ​kcal·mile−1). The equation was valid through cross-validation, so it is recommended to apply for calculating EE during walking or running 1 mile among Caucasians, African Americans and Asians

Will Overfishing and Proposed Mississippi River Diversions Imperil Louisiana Oyster Fisheries? Commentary and Review

Two recent articles based on oyster landings have challenged the prevailing wisdom about the most important factors controlling Louisiana oyster production. One article concludes that the northern Gulf industry (principally Louisiana) will collapse based on overfishing; the second concludes that the addition of freshwater through diversions could be harmful to production. These findings are not supported by the literature or our statistical analysis of the landings data. In an effort to put into perspective the complexity of the factors affecting oyster production in the northern Gulf of Mexico, several areas of the oyster literature are reviewed, including (1) hysteresis, (2) the heterogeneous needs of different oyster ages, and (3) the geographic distribution of Gulf oyster populations (some including statistical interpretations). We conclude that Kirby’s (2004) prediction of failure of the Gulf oyster fishery as a result of the danger of current levels of fishing approaching overfishing is exaggerated. We further conclude that Turner’s (2006) data do not support his thesis that diversions are at least unjustified, if not harmful to overall oyster production

Comparison of VO2 peak during treadmill and cycle ergometry in severely overweight youth

The purpose of this study was to compare peak cardiorespiratory parameters during treadmill and cycle ergometry in severely overweight youth. Twenty-one participants from the Committed to Kids Pediatric Weight Management program at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center volunteered. Participants completed peak treadmill and cycle ergometer tests on separate days. In order to examine reliability, six subjects completed a second treadmill test and seven subjects a second cycle test. Physical characteristics included the following: Age (yrs) 12.5 ± 2.8; Body weight (BW) (kg) 78.5 ± 27.0, Height (m) 1.56 ± 0.13; and % fat 42.8 ± 7.5. No statistical significant differences (p ? 0.05) were found between treadmill and cycle peak tests. Treadmill VO2 peak (l·min-1) averaged 1.57 ± 0.40 and cycle 1.46 ± 0.30 and VO2 peak relative to BW 21.5 ± 4.1 and 20.3 ± 5.5 for treadmill and cycle ergometry, respectively. Therefore treadmill values were 7.0% and 5.6% higher than cycle values. In normal weight or children and adolescents at risk for overweight, treadmill values typically average from 7 to 12% higher than cycle values. Reliability of VO2 peak as indicated by intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.96 for a single or repeated tests. Intra individual variability averaged 0.5% for VO2 peak (l·min-1) during treadmill ergometry and 5.7% for cycle ergometry. Also, standard errors of measurement were low (40 to 90 ml min or 1.0 to 1.7 ml.kg-1. min-1) for the peak treadmill or cycle tests. In summary, our data suggest that both treadmill and cycle ergometry provide reliable methods for determining VO2 peak in overweight youth

Development of an Integrated Basin Operating Strategy to Complement River Restoration Hydrologic Requirements

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Application and Modeling of Stage Triggers to Enforce the Firm Capacity and Conditional Releases Rule for Flood Event Structure Operations as Part Of Kissimmee River Restoration Project Requirements

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Impact of alternative footwear on human energy expenditure

Purpose: Use of alternative footwear options such as flip-flop style sandals and minimalist athletic shoes are becoming increasingly popular footwear choices. The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the energy expenditure and oxygen consumption requirements of walking at preferred pace while wearing flip-flops, slip-on style shoes, and minimalist athletic shoes. Methods: Eighteen healthy male adults participated in this study. In addition to an initial familiarization session, participants were tested in three different footwear conditions [thong-style flip-flops (FF), Croc® slip on shoes (CROC), and Vibram Fivefingers® minimalist shoes (MIN)]. Then after a brief warm-up, participants walked a one-mile distance at their preferred pace. Immediately following completion of the one-mile walk, participants stood quietly on the treadmill for an additional period to assess excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Results: A repeated-measures ANOVA that the following variables did not show evidence of a significant differently value between conditions: preferred pace (p = 0.392), average oxygen consumption (p = 0.804), energy expenditure per mile (p = 0.306), or EPOC (p = 0.088). There was shown to be a significantly higher RER during exercise in CROC compared to MIN (p = 0.031) with no significant differences observed when comparing CROC to FF (p = 0.106) or FF to MIN (p = 0.827). Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, it appears that the alternative footwear selected for evaluation do not lead to a substantial alteration of walking pace or overall EE. However, the significant difference in RER suggesting a slightly elevated exercise intensity while wearing the CROC could perhaps be related to the softer sole, influencing overall mechanical efficiency.The study was funded by a grant awarded by the Graduate Student Council at the author’s University

A Prospective Study Comparing Distance-based vs. Time-based Exercise Prescriptions of Walking and Running in Previously Sedentary Overweight Adults

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 782-798, 2017. Prior work has reported that the declines observed in body mass index (BMI) and circumference measurements in their cross-sectional data were twice as large when calculated from distance energy expenditure estimations compared to energy expenditure estimations based on time and intensity. The primary purpose of this study was to compare walking/running for distance to walking/running for time as part of an exercise intervention. This study followed a between-subjects, repeated measures design. Fifteen overweight, but otherwise healthy participants completed the study. The time-based group walked/ran for self-reported time while the distance-based group walked/ran for self-reported distance. A mixed-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare all dependent variables both within-subjects and between-subjects. Weekly adherence rates to the exercise program did not exhibit a significant difference (p \u3e 0.05). Significant interactions were shown for mean body mass loss between groups as well as mean blood glucose level (p \u3c 0.05). Distance-based group exhibited a decline in body mass and blood glucose while the time-based group exhibited an increase in both variables. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to directly compare a distance-based vs. a time-based exercise program for walking and running for improvement of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results of this study would suggest that a distance-based exercise prescription of walking or running should provide a clinician or researcher with a closer estimation of overall accumulated exercise and resultant weight loss

Associations of Body Size and Composition with Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls

To examine whether components of body composition (size, fat mass, and fat-free mass) were related to physical activity

Prediction and Cross-validation of an Energy Expenditure Equation in Walking or Running in Asian Adults

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 932-940, 2021. The prevalence of obesity is increasing across the world. Knowledge of the actual energy expenditure (EE) of walking and running can lead to a more precise exercise prescription which may contribute to obesity reduction or avoidance. Limited research has focused on EE prediction during walking or running in Asian adults. So, the aims of this study included developing an EE prediction equation and cross-validating the equation for Asian adults. Methods: A total of 85 Asians participated to test EE through indirect calorimetry. Linear regression analysis was employed for EE prediction, and a dependent t-test and Chow statistical test were used to cross-validate the equation. Results: Predicting EE during walking or running, corrected for one mile, yielded the following equation: EE = 0.933 * (Body Weight) – 4.127 * Gender (M = 1, F = 2) + 44.256 (standard error of estimate, SEE = 12.1 kcal·mile-1). A dependent t-test revealed no significant difference between measured EE (101.4 ± 4.3 kcal) and predicted EE (100.0 ± 2.8 kcal) (p = 0.546). Also, the coefficients for body weight and gender between the development prediction equation and the predicted equation in the cross-validation group were not significantly different (p = 0.365). Conclusion: The cross-validation results supported the validity of our predicted equation in Asians. In a practical field setting, exercise professionals could apply this equation for assessing EE during walking or running, corrected for one mile, in normal weight (body fat percentage ≤ 22 for males, ≤ 35 for females) and overweight (body fat percentage \u3e 22 for males, \u3e 35 for females) Asian adults