134 research outputs found
The Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potential of [Mn(CO)(4)(S2CNMe(CH2CO2H))], a Water-Soluble CO-Releasing Molecule (CORM-401): Intracellular Accumulation, Transcriptomic and Statistical Analyses, and Membrane Polarization
Aims: Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CORMs) are candidates for animal and antimicrobial therapeutics. We aimed to probe the antimicrobial potential of a novel manganese CORM. Results: [Mn(CO)(4)S2CNMe(CH2CO2H)], CORM-401, inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and several antibiotic-resistant clinical pathogens. CORM-401 releases CO that binds oxidases in vivo, but is an ineffective respiratory inhibitor. Extensive CORM accumulation (assayed as intracellular manganese) accompanies antimicrobial activity. CORM-401 stimulates respiration, polarizes the cytoplasmic membrane in an uncoupler-like manner, and elicits loss of intracellular potassium and zinc. Transcriptomics and mathematical modeling of transcription factor activities reveal a multifaceted response characterized by elevated expression of genes encoding potassium uptake, efflux pumps, and envelope stress responses. Regulators implicated in stress responses (CpxR), respiration (Arc, Fnr), methionine biosynthesis (MetJ), and iron homeostasis (Fur) are significantly disturbed. Although CORM-401 reduces bacterial growth in combination with cefotaxime and trimethoprim, fractional inhibition studies reveal no interaction. Innovation: We present the most detailed microbiological analysis yet of a CORM that is not a ruthenium carbonyl. We demonstrate CO-independent striking effects on the bacterial membrane and global transcriptomic responses. Conclusions: CORM-401, contrary to our expectations of a CO delivery vehicle, does not inhibit respiration. It accumulates in the cytoplasm, acts like an uncoupler in disrupting cytoplasmic ion balance, and triggers multiple effects, including osmotic stress and futile respiration
Why do women not use antenatal services in low and middle income countries? A metasynthesis of qualitative studies
Background:
Almost 50% of women in low & middle income countries (LMICās) donāt receive adequate antenatal care. Womenās views can offer important insights into this problem. Qualitative studies exploring inadequate use of antenatal services have been undertaken in a range of countries, but the findings are not easily transferable. We aimed to inform the development of future antenatal care programmes through a synthesis of findings in all relevant qualitative studies.
Methods and Findings:
Using a pre-determined search strategy, we identified robust qualitative studies reporting on the views and experiences of women in LMICās who received inadequate antenatal care. We used meta-ethnographic techniques to generate themes and a line of argument synthesis. We derived policy relevant hypotheses from the findings.
We included 21 papers representing the views of more than 1230 women from 15 countries. Three key themes were identified: āPregnancy as socially risky and physiologically healthyā; āResource use and survival in conditions of extreme povertyāand āNot getting it right first timeā. The line of argument synthesis describes a dissonance between programme design and cultural contexts that may restrict access and discourage return visits. We hypothesize that centralized, risk-focused antenatal care programmes may be at odds with the resources, beliefs and experiences of pregnant women who underuse antenatal services.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that there may be a mis-alignment between current antenatal provision and the social and cultural context of some women in LMICās. Antenatal care provision that is theoretically and contextually at odds with local contextual beliefs and experiences are likely to be underused, especially when attendance generates increased personal risks of lost family resource or physical danger during travel; when the promised care is not delivered due to resource constraints; and when women experience covert or overt abuse in care settings
HIV, STI prevalence and risk behaviours among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>More than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. Previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant STIs increases the likelihood of HIV transmission. The first national study of STIs conducted in Pakistan in 2004 revealed a high burden of STIs among women selling sex. The HIV epidemic in Pakistan has thus far followed the "Asian epidemic model". Earlier studies among women selling sex have shown a low prevalence of HIV coupled with a low level of knowledge about AIDS. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV and STIs, and assess knowledge and risk behaviours related to HIV/STI, among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 730 participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. The participants were women selling sex in three areas (referred to as "A", "B", and "C") of Lahore. A structured questionnaire addressing demographic information, sexual life history, sexual contacts, and knowledge and practices related to HIV/STI prevention was administered by face-to-face interview. Biological samples were obtained from all participants and tested for HIV, <it>Treponema pallidum</it>, <it>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</it>, <it>Chlamydia trachomatis </it>and <it>Trichomonas vaginalis</it>. Pearson's chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to test associations between potential risk factors and specified diagnosed infections.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.7%, <it>T pallidum </it>4.5%, <it>N gonorrhoeae </it>7.5%, <it>C trachomatis </it>7.7% and <it>T vaginalis </it>5.1%. The participants had been selling sex for a median period of seven years and had a median of three clients per day. Sixty five percent of the participants reported that they "Always use condom". The median fee per sexual contact was Rs. 250 (3 Euro). Compared to Areas A and C, women selling sex in Area B had a significantly higher risk of chlamydial infection, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis. Among the participants, 37% had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and its prevention.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The prevalence of HIV was <1%, and of any other STI 18.5% among participating women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan. A reasonably high condom use, a relatively low number of sexual partners, and a relatively low prevalence of STIs might have contributed to the low HIV prevalence.</p
Posture and body image in individuals with major depressive disorder: a controlled study
Contesting the Dominant Discourse of Child Sexual Abuse: Sexual Subjects, Agency, and Ethics
Responding to previous scholarsā call to explore the complexities of child sexual abuse (CSA), this article presents narratives of CSA and scrutinizes a binary construction underpinning this discourse of CSA, namely, the positioning of children as powerless and adults as powerful. The narratives belong to three Indonesian young people who have had sexual interactions with adults when they were children. The findings demonstrate how this binary positioning has been both drawn upon and resisted in the ways participants understand their sexual experiences. This article contributes to the existing literature by providing analyses of some vignettes of everyday experiences of how children might be constituted as sexual subjects, including their capability to exercise agency, perform resistance, and negotiate ethics. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to how the recognition of children as sexual subjects and their sexual agency might be beneficial for parents, educators, and counselors
DiseƱo de un manual de detecciĆ³n de ansiedad social en adolescentes
Curso de Especial InterĆ©sEl objetivo de este trabajo de grado ha sido diseƱar un manual dirigido a padres y docentes, en el que se establezcan tĆ©cnicas de detecciĆ³n de ansiedad social en adolescentes; el diseƱo de este manual permite un aprendizaje significativo de una forma diferente, en un lenguaje claro y preciso, en formato digital para un fĆ”cil acceso y portabilidad del material, logrando de esta forma, que la poblaciĆ³n adolescente sea beneficiada a travĆ©s de las acciones que se emprenderĆ”n por parte de los padres de familia, docentes y profesionales.142 p.RESUMEN
1. JUSTIFICACIĆN
2. OBJETIVOS
3. ESTUDIO DEL MERCADO
4. PRESENTACIĆN DEL PRODUCTO
5. CLIENTES ā SEGMENTACIĆN
6. COMPETENCIA
7. CANALES DE DISTRIBUCIĆN
8. RESULTADOS DEL ESTUDIO DE MERCADO
9. DISCUSIĆN DEL ESTUDIO DE MERCADO
10. PRESUPUESTO
11. RESULTADOS
12. CONCLUSIONES
REFERENCIAS
APĆNDICESPregradoPsicĆ³log
Factors affecting the disclosure of diabetes by ethnic minority patients: a qualitative study among Surinamese in the Netherlands
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diabetes and related complications are common among ethnic minority groups. Community-based social support interventions are considered promising for improving diabetes self-management. To access such interventions, patients need to disclose their diabetes to others. Research on the disclosure of diabetes in ethnic minority groups is limited. The aim of our study was to explore why diabetes patients from ethnic minority populations either share or do not share their condition with people in their wider social networks.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 32 Surinamese patients who were being treated for type 2 diabetes by general practitioners in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Most patients disclosed their diabetes only to very close family members. The main factor inhibiting disclosure to people outside this group was the Surinamese cultural custom that talking about disease is taboo, as it may lead to shame, gossip, and social disgrace for the patient and their family. Nevertheless, some patients disclosed their diabetes to people outside their close family circles. Factors motivating this decision were mostly related to a need for facilities or support for diabetes self-management.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Cultural customs inhibited Surinamese patients in disclosing their diabetes to people outside their very close family circles. This may influence their readiness to participate in community-based diabetes self-management programmes that involve other groups. What these findings highlight is that public health researchers and initiatives must identify and work with factors that influence the disclosure of diabetes if they are to develop community-based diabetes self-management interventions for ethnic minority populations.</p
Being Mumās Confidant, a Boon or Bane? Examining Gender Differences in the Association of Maternal Disclosure with Adolescentsā Depressive Feelings
This article reports on a longitudinal study investigating gender differences in the association between maternal disclosure and adolescentsā depressive symptoms. Little research has examined the relationship of parental disclosure to adolescentsā depressive symptoms and research on sex differences is particularly lacking. In a sample of 428 families with a mean age of 13.36 (52% female) of the target adolescents, maternal and childrenās disclosure and depressive symptoms were assessed twice with an interval of 4Ā years. Controlling for the quality of the parentāchild relationship and levels of maternal depressive symptoms, the analyses revealed an interaction effect for childās gender, moderating the effect of maternal disclosure on adolescentsā depressive symptoms. Higher levels of maternal disclosure were accompanied by lower levels of depressive symptoms in girls and higher levels of depressive symptoms in boys. Gender differences in socialization, communication, individuation and social networks might explain why daughters and sons are differently affected by maternal disclosure
Predictors and outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia among patients with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection enrolled in the ACTG A5221 STRIDE study
ARRDC3 suppresses breast cancer progression by negatively regulating integrin Ī²4
Large-scale genetic analyses of human tumor samples have been used to identify novel oncogenes, tumor suppressors and prognostic factors, but the functions and molecular interactions of many individual genes have not been determined. In this study we examined the cellular effects and molecular mechanism of the arrestin family member, ARRDC3, a gene preferentially lost in a subset of breast cancers. Oncomine data revealed that the expression of ARRDC3 decreases with tumor grade, metastases and recurrences. ARRDC3 overexpression represses cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, growth in soft agar and in vivo tumorigenicity, whereas downregulation of ARRCD3 has the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies showed that ARRDC3 functions in a novel regulatory pathway that controls the cell surface adhesion molecule, Ī²-4 integrin (ITGĪ²4), a protein associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Our data indicates ARRDC3 directly binds to a phosphorylated form of ITGĪ²4 leading to its internalization, ubiquitination and ultimate degradation. The results identify the ARRCD3-ITGĪ²4 pathway as a new therapeutic target in breast cancer and show the importance of connecting genetic arrays with mechanistic studies in the search for new treatments
- ā¦