The Environment in Russia

Russia faces serious ecological challenges, which are having adverse effects on both the naturalenvironment and the health of the population. We want this speech to attract your attention to the problem ofenvironmental pollution because we treat those who are not indifferent

Electroreduction of silicon from the NaI–KI–K2SiF6 melt for lithium-ion power sources

Silicon and silicon-based materials are increasingly used in microelectronics, metallurgy and power generation. To date the active study aimed at the development of silicon materials to be used in devices for solar energy conversion, accumulation and storage is underway. In addition, silicon is a promising anode material for lithium-ion fuel cells. In the present paper a possibility of silicon electroreduction from the NaI–KI–K2SiF6 melt in the argon atmosphere is studied. With this aim in view the electrolysis of the NaI–KI–K2SiF6 melt with glassy carbon cathode was performed under galvanostatic and potentiostatic regimes at the temperatures ranging from 650 to 750 °С. The morphology, phase and elemental analyses of the obtained silicon deposits were performed after their separation from the electrolytes by the ICP, SEM-EDX, XRD and Raman spectroscopy methods. Fiber and thread-like silicon samples of 60 to 320 nm in dimeter with admixtures concentrations (mainly oxygen) from 1.2 to 4.6 wt.% were experimentally synthesized. The obtained samples were tested as possible Si/C composite anodes for lithium-ion power sources. The discharge capacity of such power sources after 30 cycles of lithiation-delithiation ranged from 440 to 565 mAh·g–1 and the coloumbic efficiency ranged from 89 to 91%

CHANGE OF INDICES OF MINERAL DENSITY OF BONE TISSUE AT CHRONIC TRAUMATIC OSTEOMYELITIS

Comparative analysis of changes of indices of mineral density of bone tissue in patients with chronic traumatic osteomyelitis with different terms of shin synostosis, with united and ununited fractures was performed. Dependence of synostosis terms on the degree of decrease of mineral density of bone tissue on injured extremity was determined. Basing on the study of system and regional indices of mineral density on bone tissue we developed methods of prediction of bone tissue regeneration that allow to reveal disorder in the regeneration process, determine approximate terms of synostosis and estimate effectiveness of the treatment

Subjective Well-Being of Russian Female Personnel as an Indicator of Socio-Psychological Age

The present work is theoretical and empirical research on the socio-psycho- logical age of female personnel at enterprises with different organizational cultures. The main indicators of socio-psychological age include the level of commitment to organizational values, readiness for organizational changes, involvement in labor activity, and fatigue. The respondents are female employees of two large industrial enterprises. The female personnel working in a market-hierarchical type of organizational culture with an expressed innovative component reflect characteristics of a younger socio-psychological age while those working at an enterprise with a hierarchical-clan type of organizational culture display characteristics of a more senior socio-psychological age

Multicolour CCD photometric study of galactic star clusters SAI 63 and SAI 75

We present U B V I CCD photometric observations obtained in the field of open clusters SAI 63 and SAI 75. CCD optical data obtained for the first time for these clusters are used to derive the fundamental parameters of the clusters. Stellar surface density profile indicates that radii of SAI 63 and SAI 75 are ∼3′.5 and 2′.5 respectively. The reddenings E(B−V) are 0.44±0.05 and 0.34±0.05 mag for SAI 63 and SAI 75 respectively while the corresponding distances are 2.2 ± 0.2 and 3.5±0.3 kpc. An age of 450 ± 50 Myr for SAI 63 and 90 ± 10 Myr for SAI 75 is determined using the theoretical isochrones of Z=0.019. Our analysis shows that reddening law is normal towards SAI 75

Geotechnical properties of gullying in Tomsk Oblast

The article deals with causes, conditions and factors of gullying in Tomsk Oblast, the case of site Grodnenskaya. A nuclear-power station was planned to be constructed in Closed Administrative Territorial Unit Seversk, which led to geotechnical investigation of the area to study the geological processes developing there. The investigation included reconnaissance traverse of the area, geological and geomorphic descriptions, and sampling. The area and percentage of the territory affected by the geological processes were estimated. As a result, it was proved that the geological processes of the area are conditioned by surface water activity leading to gullying and river erosion, and by both ground water and surface water activity resulting in bog formation. It appears that gullying is caused not only by natural factors but also by technogenic ones

Методика выбора мест размещения транспортно-пересадочных узлов на основе оптимизационной математической модели

The article discusses development of a system of transport and interchange hubs (TIH). The need to create TIHs is due to an opportunity to increase efficiency of passenger flows in the urban public transport system, to reduce travel time for passengers, to ensure comfortable and safe conditions for transfer, and to improve quality of service to the population.  The objective of the research is to develop methods that allow solving the problem of optimal selection of TIH locations in any city according to the economic criterion and the criterion of the average travel time using the methods of mathematical modelling. The technique comprises search for optimal travel routes in the city and identification of effective interchange hubs using the developed software product called «Efficient transfers». Efficient transfer hubs with maximum passenger traffic are candidates for TIH locations. The work describes calculations made according the proposed methods and optimal options for location of this in the city of Samara considering limited funds, reduction in travel time and in the number of passengers using these TIHs. The research also resulted in obtaining the dependence of reduction in the average time of an urban trip on the number of TIHs.В статье рассмотрено формирование системы транспортно-пересадочных узлов (ТПУ). Необходимость создания ТПУ обусловлена возможностью повышения эффективности организации пассажиропотоков в системе городского общественного транспорта, сокращения времени поездки пассажиров, обеспечения комфортных, безопасных условий пересадки и улучшения качества обслуживания населения. Цель работы – разработка методики, позволяющей решать задачу оптимального выбора мест размещения ТПУ любого города по экономическому критерию и критерию среднего времени поездки с использованием методов математического моделирования. Методика включает поиск оптимальных маршрутов поездки по городу и определение эффективных пересадочных узлов с помощью разработанного программного продукта «Эффективные пересадки». При этом эффективные пересадочные узлы с максимальной величиной пассажиропотока являются кандидатами на создание в них ТПУ. В работе выполнены расчёты согласно предлагаемой методике и определены оптимальные варианты размещения транспортно-пересадочных узлов в городском округе Самара при ограниченных денежных средствах с учётом величины сокращения времени поездки и количества пассажиров, пользующихся этими пересадочными узлами. Получена зависимость сокращения среднего времени одной поездки по городу от количества транспортно-пересадочных узлов

General Scheme of Risk – Oriented Audit Stages

The article examines the problem of applying risk-oriented approach in audit. A risk-oriented approach on the one hand allows to increase efficiency of auditors’ activity, the level of compliance with mandatory requirements, and on the other hand, to avoid the excessive inspections’ procedures in the formation of a scientifically grounded framework of reasonable sufficiency inherent to each specific audit. At the same time, risk-oriented approach needs to create its own methodological base, develop methodologies and relevant accompanying documents, and, most importantly, train personnel capable of implementing this innovative methodology. For this reason, topic of this paper is extremely relevant.     Keywords: audit, risk-oriented approach, planning, accounting (financial) statement

PROBLEMS OF DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HALLUX VALGUS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Treatment of valgus deformity of the first toe is today one of the intensively developing areas of modern orthopedics. The complexity of treatment of this pathology is predetermined, first of all, by its multicomponent nature. Forefoot deformities are often the main cause of a decreased quality of life, which makes the patient irritable, inactive, and also makes it impossible to use standard footwear, and sometimes even orthopedic one. The purpose of our study was the analysis of scientific literature devoted to the problems of diagnosis and surgical treatment of valgus deviation of the 1st toe (hallux valgus). The materials of the study were domestic and foreign articles, reviews and monographs on the surgical treatment of hallux valgus, with mandatory analysis of long-term treatment outcomes. The history of the development of treatment of this pathology is presented with the analysis of surgical treatment methods aimed at different links of pathogenesis, as well as complications arising from the use of different techniques. The article presents modern trends in development and ways to improve the methods of surgical treatment of valgus deviation of the first toe. The analysis of the literature data showed significant success in the surgical treatment of valgus deviation of the first toe. However the current percentage of relapses may be due to the lack of an accurate method for determining proximal articular set angle (PASA) in the preoperative period, as well as the lack of the hallux valgus treatment able to eliminate valgus deviation of the first toe and avoid recurrence of the disease due to a more accurate correction of PASA