Thermo-mechanical effects in drilling using metal working fluids and cryogenic cooling and their impact in tool performance

Cryogenic machining opens up new industrial perspectives in difficult-to-cut materials like nickel-based alloys. In particular, drilling is an operation that generates high thermal and mechanical loading to the drill. There- fore, tool performance, hole geometry and surface integrity can be highly affected. The objective of this study is to analyse tool performance during drilling of IN718 using conventional metal working fluids (MWF) and cryogenic cooling conditions, and correlate it with the thermo-me- chanical phenomena. This study is conducted with standard coated cemented carbide twist drills, designed to work with MWF. The results show that drill performance under cryogenic cooling is strongly affected by its geometry. The axial force, drilling torque and tool wear/failure are higher under cryogenic cooling when compared to conventional MWF. Therefore, in order to take advantage of the cryo- genic machining, new drill design is required, which cur- rently is not available on the market.Mecachrom

Étude concernant l’actualisation, la définition et les exemples de valorisation des races locales, rustiques, menacéesVolet 1 -Races menacées - Actualisation des listes de races menacées - Extension de la réflexion aux abeilles et aux espèces aquacoles

In continuation of the FEADER 2014-2022 program, the Agro-Environmental and Climate Measure “Protection of Endangered Breeds” (MAEC PRM) aims to provide economic support to breeders who have chosen to preserve and reproduce breed animals. with low population size.The PRM system concerns breeds for which the State is responsible for the preservation as genetic resources, according to the 1992 Rio Convention, that is to say native breeds or locally adapted breeds within the meaning of the FAO. Among these breeds, PRM only concerns local breeds. The first step in the study was therefore to draw up, for each species, the list of breeds that could be qualified in this way. Then, the method which had been defined in 2014 was the subject of a critical analysis and, consequently, of some adjustments. Finally, the most complete and up-to-date data possible was gathered in order to establish, according to the method chosen, the degree of threat.Dans la continuité de la programmation FEADER 2014-2022, la Mesure Agro-Environnementale et Climatique « Protection des Races Menacées » (MAEC PRM) vise à accompagner économiquement les éleveurs ayant fait le choix de conserver et de mettre à la reproduction des animaux de races à faibles effectifs.Le dispositif PRM concerne les races dont l’État est garant de la préservation en tant que ressource génétique, selon la Convention de Rio de 1992, c’est-à-dire les races natives ou les races localement adaptées au sens de la FAO. Parmi ces races-là, la PRM ne concerne que les races locales. La première étape de l’étude a donc été de dresser, pour chaque espèce, la liste des races pouvant être qualifiées de la sorte. Ensuite, la méthode qui avait été définie en 2014 a fait l’objet d’une analyse critique et, en conséquence, de quelques aménagements. Enfin, les données les plus complètes et les plus actualisées possibles ont été rassemblées afin d’établir, selon la méthode retenue, le degré de menace

Étude concernant l’actualisation, la définition et les exemples de valorisation des races locales, rustiques, menacéesVolet 1 -Races menacées - Actualisation des listes de races menacées - Extension de la réflexion aux abeilles et aux espèces aquacoles

In continuation of the FEADER 2014-2022 program, the Agro-Environmental and Climate Measure “Protection of Endangered Breeds” (MAEC PRM) aims to provide economic support to breeders who have chosen to preserve and reproduce breed animals. with low population size.The PRM system concerns breeds for which the State is responsible for the preservation as genetic resources, according to the 1992 Rio Convention, that is to say native breeds or locally adapted breeds within the meaning of the FAO. Among these breeds, PRM only concerns local breeds. The first step in the study was therefore to draw up, for each species, the list of breeds that could be qualified in this way. Then, the method which had been defined in 2014 was the subject of a critical analysis and, consequently, of some adjustments. Finally, the most complete and up-to-date data possible was gathered in order to establish, according to the method chosen, the degree of threat.Dans la continuité de la programmation FEADER 2014-2022, la Mesure Agro-Environnementale et Climatique « Protection des Races Menacées » (MAEC PRM) vise à accompagner économiquement les éleveurs ayant fait le choix de conserver et de mettre à la reproduction des animaux de races à faibles effectifs.Le dispositif PRM concerne les races dont l’État est garant de la préservation en tant que ressource génétique, selon la Convention de Rio de 1992, c’est-à-dire les races natives ou les races localement adaptées au sens de la FAO. Parmi ces races-là, la PRM ne concerne que les races locales. La première étape de l’étude a donc été de dresser, pour chaque espèce, la liste des races pouvant être qualifiées de la sorte. Ensuite, la méthode qui avait été définie en 2014 a fait l’objet d’une analyse critique et, en conséquence, de quelques aménagements. Enfin, les données les plus complètes et les plus actualisées possibles ont été rassemblées afin d’établir, selon la méthode retenue, le degré de menace

Les races locales menacées d’abandon en France : actualisation des listes et extension de la démarche à de nouvelles espèces

International audienceLocal livestock breeds can be considered endangered of abandonment based on various indicators, firstly the number of breeding females at a given time. In 2022, 167 livestock breeds among 199 were considered endangered. The paper then shows how the approach can be extended in the case of species where the notion of breed is not operational in France, namely the honey bee and aquaculture species.Les races locales d'animaux d'élevage peuvent être considérées comme menacées d'abandon sur la base de divers indicateurs, en premier lieu du nombre de femelles reproductrices à un moment donné. En 2022, 167 races locales françaises de mammifères et de volailles de ferme, sur un total de 199, ont ainsi été déclarées menacées d'abandon. L'article présente ensuite comment la démarche peut se décliner dans le cas d'espèces où la notion de race n'est pas opératoire en France, à savoir l'abeille et les espèces aquacoles

Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

International audienc

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

International audienceImportance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Design, Setting, and Particpants This cohort-embedded, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, bayesian randomized clinical trial investigating patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen but without ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit was conducted between March 31, 2020, to April 18, 2020, with follow-up through 28 days. Patients were recruited from 9 university hospitals in France. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with no correction for multiplicity for secondary outcomes.Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants.Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were scores higher than 5 on the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) on day 4 and survival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14. Secondary outcomes were clinical status assessed with the WHO-CPS scores at day 7 and day 14, overall survival, time to discharge, time to oxygen supply independency, biological factors such as C-reactive protein level, and adverse events.Results Of 131 patients, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the TCZ group and 67 to UC group; 1 patient in the TCZ group withdrew consent and was not included in the analysis. Of the 130 patients, 42 were women (32%), and median (interquartile range) age was 64 (57.1-74.3) years. In the TCZ group, 12 patients had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 vs 19 in the UC group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] −9.0%; 90% credible interval [CrI], −21.0 to 3.1), with a posterior probability of negative ARD of 89.0% not achieving the 95% predefined efficacy threshold. At day 14, 12% (95% CI −28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation (MV) or died in the TCZ group than in the UC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 90% CrI, 0.33-1.00), with a posterior probability of HR less than 1 of 95.0%, achieving the predefined efficacy threshold. The HR for MV or death was 0.58 (90% CrI, 0.30 to 1.09). At day 28, 7 patients had died in the TCZ group and 8 in the UC group (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.53). Serious adverse events occurred in 20 (32%) patients in the TCZ group and 29 (43%) in the UC group (P = .21).Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5 at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0433180

Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial

International audienc