Hydrological modelling and evaluation of detention ponds to improve urban drainage system and water quality

Paranoá Lake is an urban lake and it is being used as a source for urban water supply since last year. Until 1990, algal blooms occurred and improvements on wastewater treatment plants carried out improved the water quality very rapidly due to phosphorus load reduction. Recently, water quality is deteriorating, which is probably due to diffuse pollution. In Brazil, we adopt separated pipe networks for sewage and stormwaters, although cross flows occur. The evaluation of urban drainage stormwaters entering the lake and proposition of technical alternatives is crucial in minimizing the impacts on lake water quality. Quantitative and qualitative behavior of urban stormwaters were analyzed by means of monitoring the runoff flows and pollutant concentrations. Mathematical modelling while using the Storm Water Management Model—SWMM was carried out, and good correlations were found for flow modelling. However, poor response was achieved for water quality simulations, affecting the simulated pollutant loads entering the lake. The simulation of 13 alternatives for detention ponds location was also evaluated, as well as their influences on flow damping capability. The detention ponds that were tested were placed in line in the drainage mains to study the effects of their location on the removal of pollutants. As expected, the results showed that ponds located near the outfall are more efficient in reducing flow peaks. However, this layout requires construction woks in areas that are more sensitive to environmental and urbanistic problems and with higher land commercial values. Alternatives with smaller volumes in public areas near the center of the catchment area can lead to the peak flow damping required by the existing drainage network to avoid overflows. In conclusion, detention ponds can be a good alternative for improving the stormwater quantity and quality, but also alternatives that promote increased infiltration, should also be considered for compensating the infiltration lost due to urbanization

A pragmatic approach and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in intensive care unit

There is a new global pandemic that emerged in China in 2019 that is threatening different populations with severe acute respiratory failure. The disease has enormous potential for transmissibility and requires drastic governmental measures, guided by social distancing and the use of protective devices (gloves, masks, and facial shields). Once the need for admission to the ICU is characterized, a set of essentially supportive therapies are adopted in order to offer multi-organic support and allow time for healing. Typically, patients who require ventilatory support have bilateral infiltrates in the chest X-ray and chest computed tomography showing ground-glass pulmonary opacities and subsegmental consolidations. Invasive ventilatory support should not be postponed in a scenario of intense ventilatory distress. The treatment is, in essence, supportive.Há uma nova pandemia global que surgiu na China em 2019 e está ameaçando diferentes populações com insuficiência respiratória aguda grave. A doença tem um enorme potencial de transmissibilidade e requer medidas governamentais drásticas, orientadas para o distanciamento social e pelo uso de dispositivos de proteção (luvas, máscaras e escudos faciais). Uma vez caracterizada a necessidade de admissão na UTI, um conjunto de terapias essencialmente de suporte é adotado para oferecer suporte multiorgânico e permitir tempo para a cura. Normalmente, os pacientes que necessitam de suporte ventilatório apresentam infiltrados bilaterais na radiografia de tórax e na tomografia computadorizada de tórax, mostrando opacidades pulmonares em vidro fosco e consolidações subsegmentares. O suporte ventilatório invasivo não deve ser adiado em um cenário de intenso sofrimento ventilatório. O tratamento é essencialmente de suporte orgânico

A biogeographic framework of octopod species diversification: the role of the Isthmus of Panama

The uplift of the Isthmus of Panama (IP) created a land bridge between Central and South America and caused the separation of the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific oceans, resulting in profound changes in the environmental and oceanographic conditions. To evaluate how these changes have influenced speciation processes in octopods, fragments of two mitochondrial (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI and 16S rDNA) and two nuclear (Rhodopsin and Elongation Factor-1 alpha, EF-1 alpha) genes were amplified from samples from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. One biogeographical and four fossil calibration priors were used within a relaxed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis framework to estimate divergence times among dadogenic events. Reconstruction of the ancestral states in phylogenies was used to infer historical biogeography of the lineages and species dispersal routes. The results revealed three well-supported Glades of transisthmian octopus sister species pair/complex (TSSP/TSSC) and two additional clades showing a low probability of species diversification, having been influenced by the IP. Divergence times estimated in the present study revealed that octopod TSSP/TSSC from the Atlantic and Pacific diverged between the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene (mean range = 5-18 Ma). Given that oceanographic changes caused by the uplift of the IP were so strong as to affect the global climate, we suggest that octopod TSSP/TSSC diverged because of these physical and environmental barriers, even before the complete uplift of the IP 3 Ma, proposed by the Late Pliocene model. The results obtained in this phylogenetic reconstruction also indicate that the octopus species pairs in each ocean share a recent common ancestor from the Pacific Ocean

Il Dialogo della Rettorica di Sperone Speroni e la sua traduzione in portoghese

Neste artigo apresentamos ao público brasileiro, interessado na história da língua italiana, um texto inédito em língua portuguesa escrito por um dos personagens que participaram da “questione della lingua” entre o século XV e o século XVI na Itália. Trata-se do Dialogo della Rettorica de Sperone Speroni. Parece-nos relevante destacar que, ainda que muito estudada e citada, a “questione” sempre é abordada fazendo referência somente a alguns de seus protagonistas, ou seja, Pietro Bembo, Giangiorgio Trissino, Baldassar Castiglione e Machiavelli, esquecendo-se, porém, que envolveu todos os principais intelectuais da época (e não somente, se pensarmos que até Gramsci muitos intelectuais italianos escreveram sobre a “questione”) e que redundou numa série de textos interessantes e de grande qualidade linguística, histórica e literária. Por essa razão, no intuito de preencher essa lacuna, apresentamos aqui o texto traduzido para o português inserindo-o no mais amplo debate acerca da língua.In this paper we present to the Brazilian public, interested in the history of the Italian language, a text unpublished in Portuguese written by one of the intellectuals who took part in the “questione della lingua” between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Italy. This is the Dialogo della Retorica by Sperone Speroni. It seems important to emphasize that, although much quoted and studied, the “questione” still is addressed by referring only to some of its protagonists, namely Pietro Bembo, Gian Giorgio Trissino, Baldassare Castiglione and Machiavelli, forgetting that it involved all the leading intellectuals of the time (and not just them, when we think that many intellectuals until Gramsci wrote about the “questione”), and that resulted in a number of interesting texts of excellent linguistic, historical and literary quality. For this reason, and in the hope of resolving this gap, we present here the text translated into Portuguese by inserting it into the wider debate about the language.In questo articolo presentiamo al pubblico brasiliano, interessato alla storia della lingua italiana, un testo inedito in lingua portoghese scritto da uno dei personaggi che presero parte alla “questione della lingua” fra Quattrocento e Cinquecento in Italia. Si tratta del Dialogo della Rettorica di Sperone Speroni. Ci sembra rilevante sottolineare che, seppur molto citata e studiata, la “questione” sempre venga affrontata facendo riferimento solo ad alcuni dei suoi protagonisti, ovvero Pietro Bembo, Giangiorgio Trissino, Baldassar Castiglione e Machiavelli, dimenticando però che coinvolse tutti i principali intellettuali dell’epoca (e non solo se pensiamo che fino a Gramsci molti intellettuali hanno scritto sulla “questione”) e che diede origine a una serie di interessanti testi di pregevole qualità linguistica, storica e letteraria. Per questo motivo e nella speranza di risolvere questa lacuna, presentiamo qui il testo tradotto in portoghese inserendolo nel più ampio dibattito sulla lingua