Genetic parameters for worm resistance in Santa Inês sheep using the Bayesian animal model.

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for worm resistance (WR) and associated characteristics, using the linear-threshold animal model via Bayesian inference in single and multiple-trait analyses

Infecção do trato urinário

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common causes of infection in the general population. It is more prevalent in females, but also affects male patients especially when associated with manipulation of the urinary tract and prostate disease. The UTI can be classified according to location in lower UTI (cystitis) and high UTI (pyelonephritis) and according the presence of complicating factors in uncomplicated UTI and complicated UTI. The ITU is complicated when structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract are present or when it develops in the hospital. In uncomplicated UTI, ;">Escherichia coli ;">is the bacteria responsible for most infections while in complicated UTIs the bacterial spectrum involved is much broader including Gram positive and Gram-negative and high-frequency multi-resistant organisms.UTI is defined by the presence of 100000 cfu/mL. Signs and symptoms associated with UTI include urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria, hematuria and pyuria. The choice of antimicrobial therapy for UTI varies with the presentation of the infection, host and agent. Strategies involving different treatment regimens according to specific patient groups maximize the therapeutic benefits and reduce costs, the incidences of adverse effects and the emergency of resistant organisms.A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é uma das causas mais comuns de infecção na população geral. É mais prevalente no sexo feminino, mas também acomete pacientes do sexo masculino principalmente quando associada à manipulação do trato urinário e à doença prostática. A ITU pode ser classificada quanto à localização em ITU baixa (cistite) e ITU alta (pielonefrite) e quanto à presença de fatores complicadores em ITU não complicada e ITU complicada. A ITU é complicada quando estão presentes alterações estruturais ou funcionais do trato urinário ou quando se desenvolve em ambiente hospitalar. Na ITU não complicada a Escherichia coli é a bactéria responsável pela maioria das infecções enquanto nas ITUs complicadas o espectro de bactérias envolvido é bem mais amplo incluindo bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas e com elevada frequência organismos multirresistentes. ITU é definida pela presença de 100.000 ufc/mL. Os sinais e sintomas associados à ITU incluem polaciúria, urgência miccional, disúria, hematúria e piúria. A escolha da terapia antimicrobiana para a ITU varia de acordo com a apresentação da infecção, hospedeiro e agente. Estratégias envolvendo diferentes esquemas terapêuticos de acordo com grupos específicos de pacientes maximizam os benefícios terapêuticos, além de reduzir os custos, as incidências de efeitos adversos e o surgimento de microrganismos  resistentes

Cultivares de milho na região nordeste brasileira no ano de 1994.

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The Role of Transformation in Learning and Education for Sustainability

Education research has acknowledged the value of transformation, which offers an opportunity for researching and rethinking how appropriate and successful educational practices may be. However, despite the role of transformation in higher education and particularly in sustainability learning, there is a paucity of studies which examine the extent to which transformation and learning on matters related to sustainable development may be integrated. Based on this perceived research need, the purpose of this article is to present how transformation in learning in education for sustainability requires the commitment of Faculty and the engament of students. To do this, a set of qualitative case studies were used in higher education institutions across seven countries (Brazil, Serbia, Latvia, South Africa, Spain, Syria, UK). The findings revealed that the concept of education for sustainable development has not been sufficiently integrated into the concept of transformation in higher education institutions. It also found that to enhance sustainability in the curricula, academics should develop collaborative approaches, and discuss how to redesign their own disciplines, and how to appreciate the epistemology and multicultural vision of sustainability, both as a topic, and as a field of education research. It was further found that reflections of the academics on their own values are crucial for developing the transformative potential of students as agents of a sustainable future. It is necessary that universities should transform to serve as models of social justice and environmental stewardship, and to foster sustainability learning

Some of the challenges in implementing Education for Sustainable Development: perspectives from Brazilian engineering students

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This article aims to analyse some of the main challenges evidenced in the insertion of sustainability in engineering courses, according to the view from a sample of Brazilian students. Through a systematic literature review, a set of 10 challenges were structured to base the research instrument (questionnaire). These challenges were evaluated by 91 engineering students who participate in sustainable action programs promoted by Enactus Brazil. The collected data were analysed in terms of the averages assigned and via the multi-criteria decision technique TOPSIS, which allowed ranking the challenges. The averages were higher than 5.0 on the scale used, indicating that the students notice the existence of the challenges in the courses in which they are enrolled. The ranking via TOPSIS presented the most evident challenges: ‘Sustainable issues debated only in specific disciplines in a limited extent’; ‘Difficulty to integrate disciplines for the broad teaching of sustainability’; ‘Lack of practical and real examples of how sustainability can be embedded in the specific context of the course’; and ‘Activities and examples presented focus exclusively on environmental issues’. The results presented here may be useful for course coordinators to improve their curriculum; educators to enrich their disciplines from the findings reported here; and researchers interested in the subject can use these findings as a starting point for proposing new teaching techniques. No similar publications were found in the literature, which indicates its originality and contribution to the knowledge base

Evolution of critically ill patients with gastroschisis from three tertiary centers

OBJECTIVES AND INTRODUCTION: Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect with increasing occurrence worldwide over the past 20-30 years. Our aim was to analyze the morbidity of newborns after gastroschisis closure, with emphasis on metabolic and hydroelectrolyte disturbances in patients at three tertiary university centers. METHODS: From January 2003 to June 2009, the following patient data were collected retrospectively: (A) Background maternal and neonatal data: maternal age, prenatal diagnosis, type of delivery, Apgar scores, birth weight, gestational age and sex; (B) Surgical modalities: primary or staged closure; and (C) Hospital course: levels of serum sodium and levels of serum albumin in the two first postoperative days, number of ventilation days, other postoperative variables and survival. Statistical analyses were used to examine the associations between some variables. RESULTS: 163 newborns were included in the study. Primary closure of the abdominal defect was performed in 111 cases (68.1%). The mean serum sodium level was 127.4¡6.7 mEq/L, and the mean serum albumin level was 2.35¡0.5 g/dL. Among the correlations between variables, it was verified that hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia correlated with the number of days on the ventilator but not with the number of days on total parenteral nutrition (TPN); mortality rate correlated with infection. The final survival rate was 85.9%. CONCLUSION: In newborns with gastroschisis, more aggressive attention to hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia would improve the outcome

Comportamento, adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho no Nordeste brasileiro no ano agrícola de 2004.

Em ensaios de campo com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições foram avaliados 45 híbridos de milho em 21 ambientes do Nordeste brasileiro no ano agrícola de 2004, visando conhecer a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade desses materiais para fins de recomendação. Detectaram-se, nas análises de variância conjuntas, diferenças entre os ambientes e os híbridos e comportamento diferenciado desses híbridos em face das oscilações ambientais, quanto aos caracteres alturas de planta e de inserção da primeira espiga, estande de colheita, número de espigas colhidas e peso de grãos. Os híbridos diferiram entre si, quanto a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de produção, destacando-se os Pionner 30 F 90 e DAS 8420 com melhor adaptação nos ambientes favoráveis. Os híbridos que associaram melhor adaptação a estimativas de b1 semelhantes à unidade evidenciaram adaptabilidade ampla, tornando-se de importância relevante para a agricultura regional.bitstream/item/34047/1/Ok.bp-09.pd

Comportamento, adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de milho no Nordeste brasileiro no ano agrícola de 2004.

Foram avaliadas 16 variedades e 24 híbridos de milho em 17 ambientes do Nordeste brasileiro, no ano agrícola de 2004, em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, visando conhecer a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade desses materiais para fins de recomendação. Os híbridos mostraram melhor adaptação que as variedades, destacando-se, entre eles, os AG 7000, BRS 1010, AG 7575, DKB 350, DKB 466, dentre outros, por revelarem adaptabilidade ampla, consubstanciando-se em excelentes opções para os diferentes sistemas de produção prevalecentes na região. As variedades AL Piratininga, Sertanejo, AL Alvorada, Asa Branca, SHS 3031, AL 30 e AL Ipiranga mostraram também adaptabilidade ampla, considerando-se a média das variedades, tornando-se alternativas importantes para os diferentes sistemas de produção executadas na região, especialmente, aqueles sistemas praticados pelos pequenos e médios produtores rurais.bitstream/item/33986/1/bp-08.pd

Rhodolith Beds Are Major CaCO3 Bio-Factories in the Tropical South West Atlantic

Rhodoliths are nodules of non-geniculate coralline algae that occur in shallow waters (<150 m depth) subjected to episodic disturbance. Rhodolith beds stand with kelp beds, seagrass meadows, and coralline algal reefs as one of the world's four largest macrophyte-dominated benthic communities. Geographic distribution of rhodolith beds is discontinuous, with large concentrations off Japan, Australia and the Gulf of California, as well as in the Mediterranean, North Atlantic, eastern Caribbean and Brazil. Although there are major gaps in terms of seabed habitat mapping, the largest rhodolith beds are purported to occur off Brazil, where these communities are recorded across a wide latitudinal range (2°N - 27°S). To quantify their extent, we carried out an inter-reefal seabed habitat survey on the Abrolhos Shelf (16°50′ - 19°45′S) off eastern Brazil, and confirmed the most expansive and contiguous rhodolith bed in the world, covering about 20,900 km2. Distribution, extent, composition and structure of this bed were assessed with side scan sonar, remotely operated vehicles, and SCUBA. The mean rate of CaCO3 production was estimated from in situ growth assays at 1.07 kg m−2 yr−1, with a total production rate of 0.025 Gt yr−1, comparable to those of the world's largest biogenic CaCO3 deposits. These gigantic rhodolith beds, of areal extent equivalent to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, are a critical, yet poorly understood component of the tropical South Atlantic Ocean. Based on the relatively high vulnerability of coralline algae to ocean acidification, these beds are likely to experience a profound restructuring in the coming decades

Action of cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol on Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps

Alpha-tocopherol is one the most abundant and biologically active isoforms of vitamin E. This compound is a potent antioxidant and one of most studied isoforms of vitamin E. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is an important nutrient for calcium homeostasis and bone health, that has also been recognized as a potent modulator of the immune response. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most important causative agent of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of alpha-tocopherol and cholecalciferol on both S. aureus and multidrug resistant S. aureus efflux pumps. The RN4220 strain has the plasmid pUL5054 that is the carrier of gene that encodes the macrolide resistance protein (an efflux pump) MsrA; the IS-58 strain possesses the TetK tetracycline efflux protein in its genome and the 1199B strain resists to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones via a NorA-mediated mechanism. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a possible inhibition of efflux pumps was associated to a reduction of the MIC. In this work we observed that in the presence of the treatments there was a decrease in the MIC for the RN4220 and IS-58 strains, suggesting that the substances presented an inhibitory effect on the efflux pumps of these strains. Significant efforts have been done to identify efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) from natural sources and, therefore, the antibacterial properties of cholecalciferol and alphatocopherol might be attributed to a direct effect on the bacterial cell depending on their amphipathic structure