Precise calculation of transition frequencies of hydrogen and deuterium based on a least-squares analysis

We combine a limited number of accurately measured transition frequencies in hydrogen and deuterium, recent quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations, and, as an essential additional ingredient, a generalized least-squares analysis, to obtain precise and optimal predictions for hydrogen and deuterium transition frequencies. Some of the predicted transition frequencies have relative uncertainties more than an order of magnitude smaller than that of the g-factor of the electron, which was previously the most accurate prediction of QED.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe

Mapping Geographic Areas of High and Low Drug Adherence in Patients Prescribed Continuing Treatment for Acute Coronary Syndrome After Discharge

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90283/1/phco.31.10.927.pd

Spinning dust emission: the effect of rotation around a non-principal axis

We investigate the rotational emission from dust grains that rotate around non- principal axes. We argue that in many phases of the interstellar medium, the smallest grains, which dominate spinning dust emission, are likely to have their nutation state (orientation of principal axes relative to the angular momentum vector) randomized during each thermal spike. We recompute the excitation and damping rates associated with rotational emission from the grain permanent dipole, grain-plasma interactions, infrared photon emission, and collisions. The resulting spinning dust spectra gener- ally show a shift toward higher emissivities and peak frequencies relative to previous calculations.Comment: Version accepted for publication in MNRAS. The derivation of the emission spectrum was clarified. The companion code, SPDUST.2, can be downloaded from http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~yacine/spdust/spdust.htm

Distinguishing between paediatric brain tumour types using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning: a multi-site study

The imaging and subsequent accurate diagnosis of paediatric brain tumours presents a radiological challenge, with magnetic resonance imaging playing a key role in providing tumour specific imaging information. Diffusion weighted and perfusion imaging are commonly used to aid the non-invasive diagnosis of children's brain tumours, but are usually evaluated by expert qualitative review. Quantitative studies are mainly single centre and single modality. The aim of this work was to combine multi-centre diffusion and perfusion imaging, with machine learning, to develop machine learning based classifiers to discriminate between three common paediatric tumour types. The results show that diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging of both the tumour and whole brain provide significant features which differ between tumour types, and that combining these features gives the optimal machine learning classifier with >80% predictive precision. This work represents a step forward to aid in the non-invasive diagnosis of paediatric brain tumours, using advanced clinical imaging

't Hooft Operators in Gauge Theory from Toda CFT

We construct loop operators in two dimensional Toda CFT and calculate with them the exact expectation value of certain supersymmetric 't Hooft and dyonic loop operators in four dimensional \Ncal=2 gauge theories with SU(N) gauge group. Explicit formulae for 't Hooft and dyonic operators in \Ncal=2^* and \Ncal=2 conformal SQCD with SU(N) gauge group are presented. We also briefly speculate on the Toda CFT realization of arbitrary loop operators in these gauge theories in terms of topological web operators in Toda CFT.Comment: 49 pages, LaTeX. Typos fixed, references adde

Liver-Type Glutaminase GLS2 Is a Druggable Metabolic Node in Luminal-Subtype Breast Cancer

Efforts to target glutamine metabolism for cancer therapy have focused on the glutaminase isozyme GLS. The importance of the other isozyme, GLS2, in cancer has remained unclear, and it has been described as a tumor suppressor in some contexts. Here, we report that GLS2 is upregulated and essential in luminal-subtype breast tumors, which account for >70% of breast cancer incidence. We show that GLS2 expression is elevated by GATA3 in luminal-subtype cells but suppressed by promoter methylation in basal-subtype cells. Although luminal breast cancers resist GLS-selective inhibitors, we find that they can be targeted with a dual-GLS/GLS2 inhibitor. These results establish a critical role for GLS2 in mammary tumorigenesis and advance our understanding of how to target glutamine metabolism in cancer

Short-term effects of experimental burning and thinning on soil respiration in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest

To understand the roles of forest management practices in meeting the goals of forest sustainability and CO2 sequestration, we evaluated the effects of burning and thinning treatments on soil respiration and soil environments in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest in California’s southern Sierra Nevada. Six experimental treatments with two levels of burning and three levels of thinning were implemented across three dominant patch types: closed canopy (CC), Ceanothus shrub (CECO), and open canopy (OC). We measured soil respiration rate (SRR), soil temperature (T10), moisture (Ms), and litter depth (LD), in the summers of 2000 and 2002. Soil total C and total N were measured in 2002. SRR was significantly different among the three patch types. In 2000, SRR was 0.75, 0.86, and 0.26 g CO2 m-2 hr-1 in CC, CECO, and OC, respectively. In 2002, SRR was 0.79, 0.97, and 0.44 g CO2 m-2 hr-1 in CC, CECO, and OC, respectively. The analysis of variance indicated that burning and thinning significantly affected soil respiration and soil environments. In particular, SRR significantly decreased in burned CECO patches but increased in unburned and thinned CECO. SRR in CC and OC did not significantly change. T10 and Ms increased, whereas LD and soil C decreased in treated patches. We also developed pre- and posttreatment exponential models to predict SRR using soil environmental variables. The effects of burning and thinning on soil CO2 efflux and soil environments imply that forest carbon pools would be reorganized with widespread application of these forest management practices.Keywords: Thinning, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Prescribed burning, Mixed conifer, Soil respiratio

Comparative genomic analysis of Aeromonas dhakensis and Aeromonas hydrophila from diseased striped catfish fingerlings cultured in Vietnam

IntroductionMotile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) is a burden for striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) farmers in Vietnam. MAS can be caused by several species of Aeromonas but Aeromonas hydrophila is seen as the leading cause of MAS in aquaculture, but recent reports suggest that A. dhakensis is also causing MAS.MethodsHere we investigated the bacterial etiology of MAS and compared the genomic features of A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis. We collected 86 isolates from diseased striped catfish fingerlings over 5 years from eight provinces in Vietnam. Species identification was done using PCR, MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequence (WGS). The MICs of commonly used antimicrobials was established. Thirty presumed A. hydrophila isolates were sequenced for species confirmation and genomic comparison. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted using publicly available sequences and sequences from this study.ResultsA total of 25/30 isolates were A. dhakensis sequence type (ST) 656 and 5/30 isolates were A. hydrophila ST 251. Our isolates and all publicly available A. hydrophila isolates from Vietnam belonged to ST 251 and differed with <200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Similarly, all A. dhakensis isolates from Vietnam belonged to ST 656 and differed with <100 SNPs. The tet(A) gene was found in 1/5 A. hydrophila and 19/25 A. dhakensis. All A. hydrophila had an MIC ≤2 mg/L while 19/25 A. dhakensis had MIC ≥8 mg/L for oxytetracycline. The floR gene was only found in A. dhakensis (14/25) which showed a MIC ≥8 mg/L for florfenicol. Key virulence genes, i.e., aerA/act, ahh1 and hlyA were present in all genomes, while ast was only present in A. dhakensis.DiscussionThis study confirms previous findings where A. dhakensis was the dominating pathogen causing MAS and that the importance of A. hydrophila has likely been overestimated. The differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between the two species could indicate a need for targeted antimicrobial treatment plans. The lipopolysaccharide regions and outer membrane proteins did not significantly differ in their immunogenic potentials, but it remains to be determined with in vivo experiments whether there is a difference in the efficacy of available vaccines against A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis