5 research outputs found
Gram Negative Wound Infection in Hospitalised Adult Burn Patients-Systematic Review and Metanalysis-
BACKGROUND:
Gram negative infection is a major determinant of morbidity and survival. Traditional teaching suggests that burn wound infections in different centres are caused by differing sets of causative organisms. This study established whether Gram-negative burn wound isolates associated to clinical wound infection differ between burn centres.
METHODS:
Studies investigating adult hospitalised patients (2000-2010) were critically appraised and qualified to a levels of evidence hierarchy. The contribution of bacterial pathogen type, and burn centre to the variance in standardised incidence of Gram-negative burn wound infection was analysed using two-way analysis of variance.
PRIMARY FINDINGS:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. and Escherichia coli emerged as the commonest Gram-negative burn wound pathogens. Individual pathogens' incidence did not differ significantly between burn centres (F (4, 20) = 1.1, p = 0.3797; r2 = 9.84).
INTERPRETATION:
Gram-negative infections predominate in burn surgery. This study is the first to establish that burn wound infections do not differ significantly between burn centres. It is the first study to report the pathogens responsible for the majority of Gram-negative infections in these patients. Whilst burn wound infection is not exclusive to these bacteria, it is hoped that reporting the presence of this group of common Gram-negative "target organisms" facilitate clinical practice and target research towards a defined clinical demand.peer-reviewe
Trace element fingerprinting of cockle (Cerastoderma edule) shells can reveal harvesting location in adjacent areas
Determining seafood geographic origin is critical for controlling its quality and safeguarding
the interest of consumers. Here, we use trace element fingerprinting (TEF) of bivalve shells to
discriminate the geographic origin of specimens. Barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg),
strontium (Sr) and lead (Pb) were quantified in cockle shells (Cerastoderma edule) captured with
two fishing methods (by hand and by hand-raking) and from five adjacent fishing locations within
an estuarine system (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Results suggest no differences in TEF of cockle shells
captured by hand or by hand-raking, thus confirming that metal rakes do not act as a potential
source of metal contamination that could somehow bias TEF results. In contrast, significant
differences were recorded among locations for all trace elements analysed. A Canonical Analysis
of Principal Coordinates (CAP) revealed that 92% of the samples could be successfully classified
according to their fishing location using TEF. We show that TEF can be an accurate, fast and reliable
method to determine the geographic origin of bivalves, even among locations separated less
than 1 km apart within the same estuarine system. Nonetheless, follow up studies are needed to
determine if TEF can reliably discriminate between bivalves originating from different ecosystems