Recent climatic and anthropogenic imprints on lacustrine systems in the Pyrenean Mountains inferred from minerogenic and organic clastic supply (Vicdessos valley, Pyrenees, France)

High-resolution seismic profiling has been combined with geochemical analyses of both watershed samples and five lacustrine cores retrieved from two natural lacustrine basins of glacial origin: Lake Majeur and Lake Sigriou (1630 m a.s.l. and 1995 m a.s.l., respectively, Eastern French Pyrenees). Identifying specific minerogenic and organic markers of autochthonous and allochthonous supply, data allow documenting past climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Over the past century, the lacustrine sediment of Lake Majeur has been essentially composed of algae, drastically contrasting with the natural sedimentary infill of the basin, mainly resulting from soil erosion from the mid–late Holocene. Since ad 1907, the Lake Majeur has been used for hydroelectricity production. Human-induced lake-level regulations, affecting up to 37% of the lacustrine surface, have increased by fourfold the accumulation rate of the lake and favoured water enrichment. Rubidium abundance within the lacustrine sediments of the two lakes reflects the mid–late Holocene palaeohydrology. After dam construction in ad 1907, greater quantities of rubidium found in Lake Majeur sedimentary infills indicate drier climatic periods, such as from ad 1975 to ad 1982, during which water reservoirs were particularly in demand. Inversely, before the dam was built, rubidium fluctuations were correlated with wetter conditions and hydrological events were recorded as sandy layers deposited by canyon reactivation, synchronous with European climatic deterioration phases. We notably document that the Mediaeval Climate Anomaly was interrupted by some humid periods dated c. ad 940, ad 1080, ad 1100 and ad 1250. We also date the onset of the ‘Little Ice Age’ c. ad 1360 and identify that this period was wetter after c. ad 1500

From fossils to mind

Fossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental and comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, and developmental plasticity. Through the application of interdisciplinary techniques to the fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on fossil brain organization and behaviors. Inferences about the development and physiology of the brains of extinct species can be experimentally investigated through brain organoids and transgenic models based on ancient DNA. Phylogenetic comparative methods integrate data across species and associate genotypes to phenotypes, and brains to behaviors. Meanwhile, fossil and archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. Through cooperation, the scientific community can accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves the availability of rare fossils and artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical data are available through online databases, along with tools for their measurement and analysis. In the context of these advances, the paleoneurological record provides ample opportunity for future research. The biomedical and ecological sciences can benefit from paleoneurology's profound approach to understanding the mind as well as its novel research pipelines that correlate neuroanatomy to genes and behavior

1977-2006 : Trente années de mesures des températures de l'eau dans le Bassin du Rhône

La température de l'eau du Rhône et de ses affluents est mesurée au pas de temps horaire depuis 1977 sur une quinzaine de stations. La constitution de ces chroniques a nécessité un effort constant de métrologie, de validation et de critique sur plus de trente années pour obtenir des données fiables. L'analyse de ces données permet de définir le régime thermique du Rhône et de mettre en évidence d'importantes augmentations thermiques (de +1 à +2 °C. sur les moyennes annuelles). Ces augmentations sont plus élevées sur le Rhône aval et sur ses affluents chauds. L'effet est plus marqué au printemps et en été, excepté sur les stations soumises à un régime hydrologique nivo-glaciaire

Mesure des flux et dépôts sédimentaires pour la gestion des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur le bassin du Rhône

26ème congrès des Grands Barrages, Vienne, AUT, 04-/07/2018 - 06/07/2018International audienceMesure des flux et dépôts sédimentaires pour la gestion des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur le bassin du Rhône

Mesure des flux et dépôts sédimentaires pour la gestion des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur le bassin du Rhône

26ème congrès des Grands Barrages, Vienne, AUT, 04-/07/2018 - 06/07/2018International audienceMesure des flux et dépôts sédimentaires pour la gestion des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur le bassin du Rhône

Long term high frequency sediment observatory in an alpine catchment: the Arc‐Isère rivers, France

International audienceWe present a dataset on to the Arc-Isere long-term environmental research observatory, which is part of the Rhone Basin Long Term Environmental Research Observatory. This alpine catchment located in the French Alps is characterized by high Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in anthropogenized valleys. Suspended Sediment Concentrations (SSC) naturally observed in the river are very high, ranging from a few tens of milligrams per litre at low flow to tens of grams per litre during major natural hydrological events (floods, debris flows) or river dam hydraulic flushes. One research objective related to this site is to better understanding the SSC dynamics along the river using a system of nested catchments (Arvan, Arc, and Isere) in order to assess both temporal and spatial dynamics. The data allow the quantification of fine sediment yields and also the evaluation of possible morphological changes due to fine sediment deposition or resuspension. Additionally, the observatory database support studies on contaminants (either dissolved or particulate contaminants). Our monitoring includes six stations with high frequency (2-30 min) streamflow, SSC measurement using turbidity sensors, and associated automatic sampling. Discharge is measured via water level measurements and a rating curve. The oldest station (Grenoble-campus) started recording discharge and concentration data from April 2006 while others stations were built between 2009 and 2011. Data are available in an online data website called 'Base de Donnees des Observatoires en Hydrologie' (Hydrological observatory database, ) with a DOI reference for the dataset. The hydrological and sediment transport time series are stored, managed and made available to a wide community with unfettered access in order to be used at their full extent. This database is used as a data exchange tool for both scientists and operational end-users and there is an associated online tool to compute integrated fluxes

10 ans de mesures hautes fréquences des MES par turbidité sur le site Arc-Isère

National audienc