Genomic landscape of adult testicular germ cell tumours in the 100,000 Genomes Project

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT), which comprise seminoma and non-seminoma subtypes, are the most common cancers in young men. In this study, we present a comprehensive whole genome sequencing analysis of adult TGCTs. Leveraging samples from participants recruited via the UK National Health Service and data from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project, our results provide an extended description of genomic elements underlying TGCT pathogenesis. This catalogue offers a comprehensive, high-resolution map of copy number alterations, structural variation, and key global genome features, including mutational signatures and analysis of extrachromosomal DNA amplification. This study establishes correlations between genomic alterations and histological diversification, revealing divergent evolutionary trajectories among TGCT subtypes. By reconstructing the chronological order of driver events, we identify a subgroup of adult TGCTs undergoing relatively late whole genome duplication. Additionally, we present evidence that human leukocyte antigen loss is a more prevalent mechanism of immune disruption in seminomas. Collectively, our findings provide valuable insights into the developmental and immune modulatory processes implicated in TGCT pathogenesis and progression

Should science educators deal with the science/religion issue?

I begin by examining the natures of science and religion before looking at the ways in which they relate to one another. I then look at a number of case studies that centre on the relationships between science and religion, including attempts to find mechanisms for divine action in quantum theory and chaos theory, creationism, genetic engineering and the writings of Richard Dawkins. Finally, I consider some of the pedagogical issues that would need to be considered if the science/religion issue is to be addressed in the classroom. I conclude that there are increasing arguments in favour of science educators teaching about the science/religion issue. The principal reason for this is to help students better to learn science. However, such teaching makes greater demands on science educators than has generally been the case. Certain of these demands are identified and some specific suggestions are made as to how a science educator might deal with the science/religion issue. © 2008 Taylor & Francis

Educação a Distância e formação continuada do professor Distance Education and further teacher development

Tem sido significativo o papel da Educação a Distância (EaD) na formação continuada de docentes. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo levantar e analisar dados em relação à sua utilização para formação continuada de professores quanto ao processo de inclusão da pessoa com deficiência. Construído e aplicado questionário semiestruturado, participaram da pesquisa 182 alunos do Curso a distância da Unesp-Bauru/SP, realizado em parceria com o Ministério da Educação. Os resultados indicam que a flexibilidade de horário e o atendimento a grande número de alunos, em diferentes áreas geográficas, destacam-se como pontos positivos desta modalidade, porém, para seu sucesso, é necessária a formação adequada dos formadores/tutores na utilização das novas ferramentas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo imprescindível que os alunos tenham a sensação de serem assistidos em todos os momentos, contribuindo para a construção da comunidade virtual e efetivando, na Educação a Distância, a formação de qualidade.<br>Distance Education has had a significant role in further teacher development. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze data related to distance education for the further teacher development related to the inclusion process of people with disability. One hundred and eighty two students from the Distance Training course from Unesp - Bauru / SP participated in the research, constructing and applying a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that scheduling flexibility and attendance of a great number of students in different geographical areas stand out as positive points of this modality, however, for it to be a success, tutors must be adequately prepared to use new tools in the teaching-learning process. It is essential that the students feel they are being assisted in every moment, contributing to the construction of a virtual community and effecting quality development in distance education

EFFECT OF EIGHT YEARS OF DENOSUMAB TREATMENT IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPOROSIS: FIVE-YEAR RESULTS FROM THE FREEDOM EXTENSION

Bone and mineral researc

Effects of up to 8 years of denosumab treatment in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: Results: from the first 5 years of the FREEDOM extension

Bone and mineral researc