Elementos de la subjetividad de los docentes latinoamericanos a partir del estudio TERCE

Describe la percepción que los docentes tienen sobre un conjunto de temas que pueden informar sobre su forma de estar en la escuela y en su profesión, lo que incluye necesariamente los vínculos entre pares, así como su relación con otros actores claves para su vivencia escolar: los alumnos y los directivos. Debe advertirse desde ya que al no estar la encuesta diseñada con la pregunta de la subjetividad docente como objetivo, se ha debido actuar en base a aproximaciones temáticas –interpretando la información existente en torno a categorías no consideradas originalmente por el estudio TERCE. El texto está ordenado en torno a los siguientes temas: la satisfacción de los docentes con su profesión, las expectativas de logro respecto de sus alumnos, la visión de los alumnos en su convivencia, la relación laboral con los pares docentes, y la aproximación al liderazgo de los directivos escolares. En algunos puntos, como ocurre respecto de la convivencia escolar, se contrasta la visión de los docentes con la opinión de los estudiantes de sexto año básico. La perspectiva de los alumnos sobre los docentes y su docencia de aula se rescata más organizadamente en un capítulo específicamente dedicado. Finalmente, el texto se cierra sintetizando las principales conclusiones y abre una discusión de algunos temas de la subjetividad docente que emergen desde estos nuevos datos

DNA Dendrimers Localize Myod mRNA in Presomitic Tissues of the Chick Embryo

MyoD expression is thought to be induced in somites in response to factors released by surrounding tissues; however, reverse transcription-PCR and cell culture analyses indicate that myogenic cells are present in the embryo before somite formation. Fluorescently labeled DNA dendrimers were used to identify MyoD expressing cells in presomitic tissues in vivo. Subpopulations of MyoD positive cells were found in the segmental plate, epiblast, mesoderm, and hypoblast. Directly after laying, the epiblast of the two layered embryo contained ∼20 MyoD positive cells. These results demonstrate that dendrimers are precise and sensitive reagents for localizing low levels of mRNA in tissue sections and whole embryos, and that cells with myogenic potential are present in the embryo before the initiation of gastrulation

The role of the cinema in the teaching-learning process in Operations Management: The case of Modern Times

[EN] The main objective of this paper is to show how issues usually beyond Operations Management teaching (for example, literature or cinema) may be used as a mean to strengthen students¿ managerial abilities. In this paper we focus only on the case of cinema. To be precise, the study is a practical application of this idea to the film entitled Modern Times, whose argument is supported on manufacturing system transformation. Its most important consequence was the mass production generalization in many industries. The film shows the individual and social dramas from a new technological reality. The origin of the idea is supported on a deep review of the literature about teaching methodologies for Management and, especially, for Operations Management. The authors have carried out this paper because they are conscious of the demands from the new framework that the Higher Education European Space has made up.[ES] El cine constituye una poderosa herramienta didáctica para enseñar dirección de empresas debido a su capacidad para: motivar el interés, provocar el análisis crítico y mostrar con claridad conceptos difíciles de explicar. El cine establece marcos referenciales de sociedades, épocas y teorías dándonos información que de otra forma, a través de los textos de dirección, es difícil de recrear. Entre los docentes de Administración de Empresas y, si cabe, más aún, entre quienes se dedican a la Dirección de Operaciones, la discusión sobre el valor de este recurso permanece viva. No sólo se discute acerca del papel que pueden desempeñar el cine y la televisión en la actividad docente, sino, incluso aceptando que este debe ser crucial, hay un debate muy relevante entre los académicos acerca de cómo se debe utilizar este material didáctico, si bien debe reconocerse que el uso del cine y la televisión en la docencia en Dirección de Operaciones todavía está muy mermado. En el presente trabajo recurriremos al análisis de Tiempos Modernos en cuanto a su potencial para enseñar y aprender Dirección de Operaciones. Como la literatura ha señalado, las representaciones que el cine y la televisión hacen de las empresas suelen ser diferentes de los análisis más convencionales del trabajo (en particular, representan los lugares de trabajo como un punto de implicación, personal y emocional, y explora los marcos e interacciones de trabajo diarios que pueden contener críticas implícitas de un marco capitalista). De hecho, la literatura sobre metodología docente y dirección ya ha considerado casos concretos al respecto. Los Simpsons es un buen ejemplo de ello. Ahora bien, la potencialidad del cine y de la televisión en la enseñanza no finaliza aquí. En este trabajo una serie de escenas nos permiten mostrar cómo Tiempos Modernos permite favorecer la comprensión por parte del estudiante de diferentes contenidos en Dirección de Operaciones más allá de su utilización como sátira. La película ofrece a los estudiantes un conjunto de significados gráficos muy evidentes en función de este tipo de proceso productivo. Por otra parte, el uso de la película desde la perspectiva de modelos docentes más avanzados permitiría sugerir a los estudiantes que plantearan temas de debate sobre Dirección de Operaciones apoyándose en escenas de la película. Con ello se conseguiría que los estudiantes fueran capaces no sólo de resolver problemas, sino lo que es más importante aún, a plantearlos.Esta investigación es parte del proyecto ECO2009-08485 financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España.Junquera Cimadevilla, B.; Aranda, MM.; Perez Lopez, S. (2012). El papel del cine en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Dirección de Operaciones: El caso de Tiempos Modernos. Working Papers on Operations Management. 3(2):48-57. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v3i2.1061SWORD485732Arnheim, R. (1957). Film as art. Berkeley/ University of California Press.Carroll, N. (1985). The power of movies. Daedalus, Vol. 114, pp. 79-103.Champoux, J. E. (1999). Film as a Teaching Resource. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8(2), 206-217. doi:10.1177/105649269982016Considine, D. M. (1989). The Video Boom’s Impact on Social Studies. The Social Studies, 80(6), 229-234. doi:10.1080/00220973.1945.11019951Fails, E. V. (1988). Teaching Sociological Theory through Video: The Development of an Experimental Strategy. Teaching Sociology, 16(3), 256. doi:10.2307/1317527Hassard, J., & Holliday, R. (s. f.). Introduction. Organization–Representation: Work and Organization in Popular Culture, 1-16. doi:10.4135/9781446280287.n1Hobbs, R. (1998). Teaching with and about film and television. Journal of Management Development, 17(4), 259-272. doi:10.1108/02621719810210136Messaris, P. (1994). Does television belong in the classroom? Cognitive consequences of visual 'literacy'. En Deetz, S. (Eds.): Communication Yearbook 17. Newbury Park/Sage Publications.Moore, D. S. (1993). The Place of Video in New Styles of Teaching and Learning Statistics. The American Statistician, 47(3), 172-176. doi:10.1080/00031305.1993.10475970Phillips, N. (1995). Telling Organizational Tales: On the Role of Narrative Fiction in the Study of Organizations. Organization Studies, 16(4), 625-649. doi:10.1177/017084069501600408Postman, N. (1985). Amusing ourselves to death. Nueva York/Vicking.Proctor, R.F. II (1990). Interpersonal communication and feature films: A marriage worth of a course. Michigan Association of Speech Communication Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 1-12.Proctor, R. F., & Adler, R. B. (1991). Teaching interpersonal communication with feature films. Communication Education, 40(4), 393-400. doi:10.1080/03634529109378863Rhodes, C. (2001). D’Oh. Journal of Management Inquiry, 10(4), 374-383. doi:10.1177/1056492601104010Rhodes, C. (2002). Coffee and the Business of Pleasure: The Case of Harbucks vs. Mr. Tweek. Culture and Organization, 8(4), 293-306. doi:10.1080/14759550215611Shields, D. C., & Kidd, V. V. (1973). Teaching through popular film: A small group analysis ofthe Poseidon adventure. The Speech Teacher, 22(3), 201-207. doi:10.1080/03634527309378016Torre, S. De la, Oliver, C., Violant, V., Tejada, J., Rajadell, N y Girona, M. (2003-2004). El cine como estrategia didáctica innovadora. 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Efficiency of primary saliva secretion: an analysis of parameter dependence in dynamic single-cell and acinus models, with application to aquaporin knockout studies

Secretion from the salivary glands is driven by osmosis following the establishment of osmotic gradients between the lumen, the cell and the interstitium by active ion transport. We consider a dynamic model of osmotically driven primary saliva secretion and use singular perturbation approaches and scaling assumptions to reduce the model. Our analysis shows that isosmotic secretion is the most efficient secretion regime and that this holds for single isolated cells and for multiple cells assembled into an acinus. For typical parameter variations, we rule out any significant synergistic effect on total water secretion of an acinar arrangement of cells about a single shared lumen. Conditions for the attainment of isosmotic secretion are considered, and we derive an expression for how the concentration gradient between the interstitium and the lumen scales with water- and chloride-transport parameters. Aquaporin knockout studies are interpreted in the context of our analysis and further investigated using simulations of transport efficiency with different membrane water permeabilities. We conclude that recent claims that aquaporin knockout studies can be interpreted as evidence against a simple osmotic mechanism are not supported by our work. Many of the results that we obtain are independent of specific transporter details, and our analysis can be easily extended to apply to models that use other proposed ionic mechanisms of saliva secretion

A pilot Internet "Value of Health" Panel: recruitment, participation and compliance

Objectives To pilot using a panel of members of the public to provide preference data via the Internet Methods A stratified random sample of members of the general public was recruited and familiarised with the standard gamble procedure using an Internet based tool. Health states were perdiodically presented in "sets" corresponding to different conditions, during the study. The following were described: Recruitment (proportion of people approached who were trained); Participation (a) the proportion of people trained who provided any preferences and (b) the proportion of panel members who contributed to each "set" of values; and Compliance (the proportion, per participant, of preference tasks which were completed). The influence of covariates on these outcomes was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A panel of 112 people was recruited. 23% of those approached (n = 5,320) responded to the invitation, and 24% of respondents (n = 1,215) were willing to participate (net = 5.5%). However, eventual recruitment rates, following training, were low (2.1% of those approached). Recruitment from areas of high socioeconomic deprivation and among ethnic minority communities was low. Eighteen sets of health state descriptions were considered over 14 months. 74% of panel members carried out at least one valuation task. People from areas of higher socioeconomic deprivation and unmarried people were less likely to participate. An average of 41% of panel members expressed preferences on each set of descriptions. Compliance ranged from 3% to 100%. Conclusion It is feasible to establish a panel of members of the general public to express preferences on a wide range of health state descriptions using the Internet, although differential recruitment and attrition are important challenges. Particular attention to recruitment and retention in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation and among ethnic minority communities is necessary. Nevertheless, the panel approach to preference measurement using the Internet offers the potential to provide specific utility data in a responsive manner for use in economic evaluations and to address some of the outstanding methodological uncertainties in this field

A Bright, Slow Cryogenic Molecular Beam Source for Free Radicals

We demonstrate and characterize a cryogenic buffer gas-cooled molecular beam source capable of producing bright beams of free radicals and refractory species. Details of the beam properties (brightness, forward velocity distribution, transverse velocity spread, rotational and vibrational temperatures) are measured under varying conditions for the molecular species SrF. Under typical conditions we produce a beam of brightness 1.2 x 10^11 molecules/sr/pulse in the rovibrational ground state, with 140 m/s forward velocity and a rotational temperature of approximately 1 K. This source compares favorably to other methods for producing beams of free radicals and refractory species for many types of experiments. We provide details of construction that may be helpful for others attempting to use this method.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figure

Visualizing the Needle in the Haystack: In Situ Hybridization With Fluorescent Dendrimers

In situ hybridization with 3DNA™ dendrimers is a novel tool for detecting low levels of mRNA in tissue sections and whole embryos. Fluorescently labeled dendrimers were used to identify cells that express mRNA for the skeletal muscle transcription factor MyoD in the early chick embryo. A small population of MyoD mRNA positive cells was found in the epiblast prior to the initiation of gastrulation, two days earlier than previously detected using enzymatic or radiolabeled probes for mRNA. When isolated from the epiblast and placed in culture, the MyoD mRNA positive cells were able to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. These results demonstrate that DNA dendrimers are sensitive and precise tools for identifying low levels of mRNA in single cells and tissues