Health and social problems associated with recent Novel Psychoactive Substance (NPS) use amongst marginalised, nightlife and online users in six European countries.

Continued diversification and use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) across Europe remains a public health challenge. The study describes health and social consequences of recent NPS use as reported in a survey of marginalised, nightlife and online NPS users in the Netherlands, Hungary, Portugal, Ireland, Germany and Poland (n = 3023). Some respondents were unable to categorise NPS they had used. Use of ‘herbal blends’ and ‘synthetic cannabinoids obtained pure’ was most reported in Germany, Poland and Hungary, and use of ‘branded stimulants’ and ‘stimulants/empathogens/nootropics obtained pure’ was most reported in the Netherlands. Increased heart rate and palpitation, dizziness, anxiety, horror trips and headaches were most commonly reported acute side effects. Marginalised users reported substantially more acute side effects, more mid- and long-term mental and physical problems, and more social problems. Development of country-specific NPS awareness raising initiatives, health and social service needs assessments, and targeted responses are warranted

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Visceral sensory neurons activate reflex pathways that control gut function and also give rise to important sensations, such as fullness, bloating, nausea, discomfort, urgency and pain. Sensory neurons are organised into three distinct anatomical pathways to the central nervous system (vagal, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral). Although remarkable progress has been made in characterizing the roles of many ion channels, receptors and second messengers in visceral sensory neurons, the basic aim of understanding how many classes there are, and how they differ, has proven difficult to achieve. We suggest that just five structurally distinct types of sensory endings are present in the gut wall that account for essentially all of the primary afferent neurons in the three pathways. Each of these five major structural types of endings seems to show distinctive combinations of physiological responses. These types are: 'intraganglionic laminar' endings in myenteric ganglia; 'mucosal' endings located in the subepithelial layer; 'muscular–mucosal' afferents, with mechanosensitive endings close to the muscularis mucosae; 'intramuscular' endings, with endings within the smooth muscle layers; and 'vascular' afferents, with sensitive endings primarily on blood vessels. 'Silent' afferents might be a subset of inexcitable 'vascular' afferents, which can be switched on by inflammatory mediators. Extrinsic sensory neurons comprise an attractive focus for targeted therapeutic intervention in a range of gastrointestinal disorders.Australian National Health and Medical Research Counci

(S')Explorer : une disposition anthropologique (Self) Exploration: an anthropological arrangement

Ces journées d’études seront consacrées à l’exploration ethnographique et aux diverses déambulations méthodologiques qui traversent le travail de la recherche en anthropologie. Les communicants sont invités à revenir sur les manières dont ils valorisent leur expérience sur le terrain en autant de procédés d'enquête et de restitution de cette dernière. En étant aussi bien attentif à la collecte des données, à leur nature, ainsi qu'à la variation de leur statut lors de leur traitement et de leur analyse, on se demandera comment la prise en compte des engagements sensibles dans le monde permet d'élargir le champ des objets et des outils méthodologiques. On se posera également la question des passages entre subjectivité et objectivité en s'adossant aux travaux traitant et de la légitimité de la réflexivité et de l'adaptation à l'anthropologie d'un ensemble de dispositifs expérimentaux (généralement développés dans les sciences dures) dont l'opportunité ne manque pas d'émerger dès lors que la problématique de la perception passe de la périphérie au centre de l'enquête ethnographique

Quartetto Accardo ed Estrio

Quartetto AccardoSalvatore Accardo, violinoLaura Gorna, violinoFrancesco Fiore, violaFernando Caida Greco, violoncell