Identification of rice chromosome segment substitution line Z322-1-10 and mapping QTLs for agronomic traits from the F₃ population

Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are powerful tools to combine naturally occurring genetic variants with favorable alleles in the same genetic backgrounds of elite cultivars. An elite CSSL Z322-1-10 was identified from advanced backcrosses between a japonica cultivar Nipponbare and an elite indica restorer Xihui 18 by SSR marker-assisted selection (MAS). The Z322-1-10 line carries five substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6 and 10 with an average length of 4.80 Mb. Spikilets per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain length in the Z322-1-10 line are significantly higher than those in Nipponbare. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and mapped for nine agronomic traits in an F3 population derived from the cross between Nipponbare and Z322-1-10 using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method in the HPMIXED procedure of SAS. We detected 13 QTLs whose effect ranging from 2.45% to 44.17% in terms of phenotypic variance explained. Of the 13 loci detected, three are major QTL (qGL1, qGW5-1 and qRLW5-1) and they explain 34.68%, 44.17% and 33.05% of the phenotypic variance. The qGL1 locus controls grain length with a typical Mendelian dominance inheritance of 3:1 ratio for long grain to short grain. The already cloned QTL qGW5-1 is linked with a minor QTL for grain width qGW5-2 (13.01%) in the same substitution segment. Similarly, the previously reported qRLW5-1 is also linked with a minor QTL qRLW5-2. Not only the study is important for fine mapping and cloning of the gene qGL1, but also has a great potential for molecular breeding

Rigidity percolation by next-nearest-neighbor bonds on generic and regular isostatic lattices.

Theoretical Physic

Study on High-Strength Ring Chain Dynamic Characteristics under Different Launch Parameters

The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the high-strength ring chain under various launch parameters and the energy consumption caused by this. Particularly, the contact dynamics simulation was implemented in ABAQUS to study the launch characteristics impacted by different chain speeds different transportation loads, and the results were proved by experiments. The results show that stable stresses under different launch speeds are diverse, and the launch speed which makes the performance best is 5.6 m/min; stable stresses under different loads are diverse, and in the overload-launch process, the normal force of the chain increases multi-fold so that the chain will be great damaged; The energy consumption caused by the friction among high-strength ring chains under no-load operation occupies 23.8% of the resistance consumption. With the rise in loads, the total resistance consumption grow linearly. As a consequence, the research has great significance for the research of ring chain launch characteristics, the forecast of the chain's operating life and the efficiency improvement of electromotors.Исследованы механические характеристики высокопрочной кольцевой цепи транспортного оборудования при различных рабочих параметрах и связанное с этим энергопотребление. Динамическая контактная задача моделируется с помощью конечноэлементного пакета ABAQUS для различных транспортных нагрузок и скоростей движения цепи с последующей экспериментальной верификацией полученных результатов. Установлено, что оптимальное функционирование цепи соответствует скорости движения 5,65 м/мин, при которой деформация и напряжение являются стабильными. В режиме перегрузки нормальное напряжение возрастает многократно, что приводит к существенному повреждению цепи. Показано, что при холостом режиме работы цепи 23,8% потребляемой энергии расходуется на преодоление сил трения. При увеличении рабочей нагрузки наблюдается линейный рост потребляемой энергии. Полученные динамические механические характеристики цепи позволяют уточнить прогноз ее долговечности в условиях эксплуатации и усовершенствовать схему энергопитания электромоторов.Досліджено механічні характеристики високоміцного кільцевого ланцюга транспортного обладнання за різних робочих параметрів та зв язане з цим енергоспоживання. Динамічна контактна задача моделюється за допомогою скінченноелементного пакета ABAQUS для різних транспортних навантажень і швидкостей руху ланцюга з подальшою експериментальною верифікацією отриманих результатів. Установлено, що оптимальне функціонування ланцюга відповідає швидкості руху 5,65 м/хв., за якої деформація і напруга є стабільними. У режимі перевантаження нормальна напруга збільшується багаторазово, що призводить до суттєвого пошкодження ланцюга. Показано, що при холостому режимі роботи ланцюга 23,8% споживаної енергії витрачається на подолання сил тертя. Із підвищенням робочого навантаження відмічається лінійне зростання споживаної енергії. Отримані динамічні механічні характеристики ланцюга дозволяють уточнити прогноз його довговічності в умовах експлуатації та удосконалити схему енергоспоживання електромоторів

The roles of sulfuric acid in new particle formation and growth in the mega-city of Beijing

Simultaneous measurements of gaseous sulfuric acid and particle number size distributions were performed to investigate aerosol nucleation and growth during CAREBeijing-2008. The analysis of the measured aerosols and sulfuric acid with an aerosol dynamic model shows the dominant role of sulfuric acid in new particle formation (NPF) process but also in the subsequent growth in Beijing. Based on the data of twelve NPF events, the average formation rates (2–13 cm−3 s−1) show a linear correlation with the sulfuric acid concentrations (R2=0.85). Coagulation seems to play a significant role in reducing the number concentration of nucleation mode particles with the ratio of the coagulation loss to formation rate being 0.41±0.16. The apparent growth rates vary from 3 to 11 nm h−1. Condensation of sulfuric acid and its subsequent neutralization by ammonia and coagulation contribute to the apparent particle growth on average 45±18% and 34±17%, respectively. The 30% higher concentration of sulfate than organic compounds in particles during the seven sulfur-rich NPF events but 20% lower concentration of sulfate during the five sulfur-poor type suggest that organic compounds are an important contributor to the growth of the freshly nucleated particles, especially during the sulfur-poor cases

Determination of plastic properties using instrumented indentation test with hybrid particle swarm optimization

Instrumented indentation test is a promising non-destructive method to determine mechanical properties. This paper proposes a new approach to determine the plastic properties of bulk metal materials (including yield stress, strain-hardening exponent (n) and strain-hardening rate (K)), which couples an experimental load-displacement curve with finite element method. The load–displacement curve was obtained from continuous instrumented indentation test. Then a hybrid particle swarm optimization was employed to minimize the deviation between experimental and simulated load-displacement curves. As a combination of particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing, the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization is an economical and effective algorithm to identify plastic parameters. It was observed that the maximum error of strain-hardening rate extracted from the macro indentation test was 8.2 percent contrast to that determined by the conventional tensile test, and the maximum error of strain-hardening exponent was 4.7% respectively

InPBi Single Crystals Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

InPBi was predicted to be the most robust infrared optoelectronic material but also the most difficult to synthesize within In-VBi (V = P, As and Sb) 25 years ago. We report the first successful growth of InPBi single crystals with Bi concentration far beyond the doping level by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The InPBi thin films reveal excellent surface, structural and optical qualities making it a promising new III–V compound family member for heterostructures. The Bi concentration is found to be 2.4 ± 0.4% with 94 ± 5% Bi atoms at substitutional sites. Optical absorption indicates a band gap of 1.23 eV at room temperature while photoluminescence shows unexpectedly strong and broad light emission at 1.4–2.7 μm which can't be explained by the existing theory

Impacts of the East Asian monsoon on lower tropospheric ozone over coastal South China

The impact of the East Asian monsoon (EAM) on climatology and interannual variability of tropospheric ozone (O3) over the coastal South China was investigated by analyzing 11 years of ozonesonde data over Hong Kong with the aid of Lagrangian dispersion modeling of carbon monoxide and calculation of an EAM index. It was found that the seasonal cycle of O3 in the lower troposphere is highly related to the EAM over the study region. Ozone enhancements in the free troposphere are associated with the monsoon-induced transport of pollutants of continental anthropogenic and biomass burning origins. Lower tropospheric O3 levels showed high interannual variability, with an annual averaged amplitude up to 61% of averaged concentrations in the boundary layer (0–1 km altitudes) and 49% below 3 km altitude. In spring and autumn, the interannual variability in boundary layer O3 levels was predominately influenced by the EAM intensity, with high O3 mixing ratios associated with northeasterly circulation anomalies