Factores sociodemográficos que inciden en el emprendimiento rural de jóvenes en Antioquia, Colombia

[ES] El emprendimiento se torna como una fuerza que posibilita la revitalización de los territorios rurales y el desarrollo agrícola, en consecuencia, es importante identificar los factores sociodemográficos que inciden en el emprendimiento rural de jóvenes pertenecientes a cinco Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias de las universidades en el Departamento de Antioquia en Colombia. Para ello, se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento de recolección de información, previamente validado con enfoque cualitativo, recopilando 427 respuestas completas. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de chi-cuadrado para determinar el grado de asociación de la actividad emprendedora con las variables sociodemográficas medidas tales como género, edad, estado civil, escolaridad, entorno familiar y dependientes. Una vez verificada la existencia de asociaciones entre las variables, se realizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples con el propósito de identificar patrones y tendencias entre las variables. Los resultados muestran una mayor favorabilidad para emprender en la ruralidad antioqueña de aquellos sujetos pertenecientes a los estratos altos de la población, mayoritariamente hombres, con estudios de posgrado, provenientes de familias donde los padres tienen al menos titulación universitaria, con situación diferente a la soltería y con un rango de edad que oscila entre los 32 a 38 años. Los hombres son más propensos a emprender que las mujeres en las zonas rurales[EN] Entrepreneurship becomes a force that enables the revitalization of rural territories and agricultural development, consequently, it is important to identify the socioeconomic factors that affect rural entrepreneurship of young people belonging to five Faculties of Agricultural Sciences of the universities in the Department of Antioquia in Colombia. For this, an information collection instrument was designed and applied, previously validated with a qualitative approach, collecting 427 complete responses. Statistical chi-square tests were performed to determine the degree of association of entrepreneurial activity with measured sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, education, family environment and dependents. Once the existence of associations between the variables was verified, a multiple correspondence analysis was carried out in order to identify patterns and trends between the variables. The results show a greater favorability for entrepreneurship in rural Antioquia for those subjects belonging to the upper strata of the population, mostly men, with postgraduate studies, from families where the parents have at least a university degree, with a different situation than being single and with an age range that ranges from 32 to 38 years. Men are more likely to be entrepreneurs than women in rural areasArias Vargas, FJ.; Ribes-Giner, G.; Botero-Arango, D.; Garces, L. (2021). 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Enfermedad hepática por infiltración grasa no alcohólica. La nueva pandemia del milenio

Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in affluent societies, affecting 2-8% of the general population, and it will be soon in our societies. It is generally asymptomatic or with a no specific picture of fatigue, hepatic pain or discomfort and hepatomegaly. It is suspected in cases with aminotransferase or imaging abnormalities. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. There is a close pathogenic relationship with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Approximately 20-25% of the cases progress into cirrhosis with all its complications including hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for liver transplantation. Correction of insulin resistance with dietary measures and physical activity is generally beneficial. The efficacy of the multiple medications available remains to be demonstrated. © 2010 Asociaciones Colombianas de Gastroenterologia, Endoscopia digestiva, Coloproctologia y Hepatologia

Enfermedad hepática por infiltración grasa no alcohólica. La nueva pandemia del milenio

"Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in affluent societies, affecting 2-8% of the general population, and it will be soon in our societies. It is generally asymptomatic or with a no specific picture of fatigue, hepatic pain or discomfort and hepatomegaly. It is suspected in cases with aminotransferase or imaging abnormalities. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. There is a close pathogenic relationship with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Approximately 20-25% of the cases progress into cirrhosis with all its complications including hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for liver transplantation. Correction of insulin resistance with dietary measures and physical activity is generally beneficial. The efficacy of the multiple medications available remains to be demonstrated. © 2010 Asociaciones Colombianas de Gastroenterologia, Endoscopia digestiva, Coloproctologia y Hepatologia.

Reproducibilidad del examen directo de heces y de la concentración formoléter y validez del examen directo de heces para el diagnóstico de parásitos intestinales

Introduction: Despite the clinical, epidemiological and public health importance of intestinal parasites, research on its diagnostic methods in Colombia is meager. Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility direct stool examination and formalin-ether concentration and determine validity, performance and accuracy of direct examination of stool for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Methods: Concordance study and evaluation of diagnostic tests. A demographic survey, direct examination of faeces and method Telleman concentration in samples of 51 individuals from Medellin, Colombia applied. The concordance test was evaluated with Kappa and Phi Gamma coefficients; the validity estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios J Youden index; performance with predictive values and accuracy with the proportion of correctly diagnosed patients. Results: Nine species of intestinal parasites were identified, higher proportion: Blastocystis spp, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli. For species of protozoa, diners, pathogens and parasites overall, the kappa indexes were higher than 0.70, the direct method presented higher positive likelihood ratios 15, negative likelihood ratios of 0.03; predictive values greater than 93%, J Youden indices greater than 0.9 and proportions of correctly diagnosed patients greater than 96%. Conclusion: Excellent agreement and correlation between the evaluated methods was obtained; direct examination showed excellent validity, performance and accuracy for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic protozoa, but not for helminths.Introducción: A pesar de la importancia clínica, epidemiológica y de salud pública del parasitismo intestinal, la investigación sobre sus métodos diagnósticos en Colombia es exigua. Objetivo: Evaluar la reproducibilidad entre el examen directo de heces y la concentración formol-éter y determinar validez, desempeño y exactitud del examen directo de heces para el diagnóstico de parásitos intestinales. Métodos: Estudio de concordancia y evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas. Se aplicó una encuesta sociodemográfica, examen directo de heces y método de concentración formol-éter en muestras de 51 individuos de Medellín, Colombia. La concordancia de las pruebas se evaluó con Índice Kappa y coeficientes Phi y Gamma; la validez con la estimación de sensibilidad, especificidad, cocientes de probabilidad e Índice J de Youden; el desempeño con valores predictivos y exactitud con la proporción de pacientes correctamente diagnosticados. Resultados: Se identificaron nueve especies de parásitos intestinales, mayor proporción: Blastocystis spp, Endolimax nana y Entamoeba coli. Para las especies de protozoos, comensales, patógenos y parasitismo global, los índices kappa fueron mayores a 0,70, el método directo presentó cocientes de probabilidad positivos mayores a 15, cocientes de probabilidad negativos de 0,03; valores predictivos mayores al 93%, Índices J de Youden mayores a 0,9 y proporciones de pacientes correctamente diagnosticados mayores a 96%. Conclusión: Se obtuvo excelente concordancia y correlación entre los métodos evaluados; el examen directo presentó excelente validez, desempeño y exactitud para el diagnóstico de parasitismo intestinal por protozoos, pero no para helmintos

Effect of sediment management decision on a hydropower plant value [Incidencia de la decisión de manejo de sedimentos en el valor de una central hidroeléctrica]

Sedimentation reduces the useful life of reservoirs and the value of hydropower plants. The aim is to determine the effect of sediment management decisions on the value of a plant. First, management alternatives are ranked with the AHP technique according to the perception of six experts. Second, the plant is valued by cash flow (FCL) and RESCON 2 BETA (RES). Results shows three alternatives ranked: reforestation, agriculture and dam construction. The useful life of reservoir increases in 84% (reforestation), 40% (agriculture), and 76% (dam). The value of the plant increases in 21% (FCL) and 21.74% (RES) for reforestation, 11.59% (FCL) and 13.18% (RES) for agriculture, and 20.07% (FCL) and 19.93% (RES) for dam building. It is concluded that sediment management affects the value of the plant since the useful life of the reservoir affects the value of continuity. © The author; licensee Universidad Nacional de Colombia