Field localization in warped gauge theories

We present four-dimensional gauge theories that describe physics on five-dimensional curved (warped) backgrounds, which includes bulk fields with various spins (vectors, spinors, and scalars). Field theory on the AdS$_5$ geometry is examined as a simple example of our formulation. Various properties of bulk fields on this background, e.g., the mass spectrum and field localization behavior, can be achieved within a fully four-dimensional framework. Moreover, that gives a localization mechanism for massless vector fields. We also consider supersymmetric cases, and show in particular that the conditions on bulk masses imposed by supersymmetry on warped backgrounds are derived from a four-dimensional supersymmetric theory on the flat background. As a phenomenological application, models are shown to generate hierarchical Yukawa couplings. Finally, we discuss possible underlying mechanisms which dynamically realize the required couplings to generate curved geometries.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures; more explanation of nonuniversal gauge couplings added, typos corrected, references update

Spin Dependent Drell Yan in QCD to O(αs2)O(\alpha_s^2) (I). (The Non-Singlet Sector)

A study of the order $\alpha_s^2$ corrections to the Drell Yan (non-singlet) cross section for incoming states of arbitrary longitudinal helicities is presented. The study is performed in the case of the transverse momentum distributions, $(q_T)$, of the lepton pair and extends the calculation of Ellis Martinelli and Petronzio (EMP) to the polarized case. We use the $\bar{MS}$ scheme and the t'Hooft-Veltman regularization for the helicity projectors. From our results one can obtain the bulk of the totally inclusive NNLO cross section for the production of a Drell Yan pair in the non-singlet sector by a simple integration over the heavy photon momentum. We show that in the $\bar{MS}$ helicity is not conserved, unless a finite renormalization is done to reenter into a physical scheme ($\bar{MS}_p$). This aspect of the calculation follows the same trend as in polarized production of single and double photon to $O(\alpha_s^2)$. In the unpolarized limit we reproduce all the results of EMP.Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures (included

Tourist food consumption and its arable land requirements in a popular tourist destination

Determining the resource intensity and environmental impacts of tourist food consumption is important for the design of sustainable development strategies for tourist destinations. Yet, studies aiming to accurately quantify the environmental repercussions of tourist food consumption for specific destinations are rare and take limited account of temporal changes in food consumption patterns among tourists. This study contributes to knowledge by calculating the impact of temporal changes in tourist food consumption on arable land requirements (ALR) in a popular tourist destination of Lhasa, Tibet. It finds that tourist food consumption per meal has increased by 8% within the period of 2013–15 which translates into over 50% increase in ALR. The study further pinpoints that 84% of the ALR increase is attributed to the animal-based food consumption of tourist. Lastly, the study shows that, in 2015, nearly 62% of the arable land area of the Lhasa region was required to meet the growing tourist demand for food

The Diagnostic Potential of Transition Region Lines under-going Transient Ionization in Dynamic Events

We discuss the diagnostic potential of high cadence ultraviolet spectral data when transient ionization is considered. For this we use high cadence UV spectra taken during the impulsive phase of a solar flares (observed with instruments on-board the Solar Maximum Mission) which showed excellent correspondence with hard X-ray pulses. The ionization fraction of the transition region ion O V and in particular the contribution function for the O V 1371A line are computed within the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure, which is a collection of fundamental and derived atomic data and codes which manipulate them. Due to transient ionization, the O V 1371A line is enhanced in the first fraction of a second with the peak in the line contribution function occurring initially at a higher electron temperature than in ionization equilibrium. The rise time and enhancement factor depend mostly on the electron density. The fractional increase in the O V 1371A emissivity due to transient ionization can reach a factor of 2--4 and can explain the fast response in the line flux of transition regions ions during the impulsive phase of flares solely as a result of transient ionization. This technique can be used to diagnostic the electron temperature and density of solar flares observed with the forth-coming Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Conatraints on ΔG\Delta G from Prompt Photon plus Jet Production at HERA-N⃗\vec{N}

The utility of prompt photon plus associated jet production for constraining the size and shape of the polarized gluon density of the proton $\Delta G$ is examined at $\sqrt{S}=40$ GeV, appropriate for the proposed HERA-$\vec{N}$ polarized $\vec{p}\vec{p}$ collider experiment. The calculation is performed at next-to-leading order (O($\alpha\alpha_s^2$)) in QCD. The reliability of the predictions are examined in some detail.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

Strongly Coupled Grand Unification in Higher Dimensions

We consider the scenario where all the couplings in the theory are strong at the cut-off scale, in the context of higher dimensional grand unified field theories where the unified gauge symmetry is broken by an orbifold compactification. In this scenario, the non-calculable correction to gauge unification from unknown ultraviolet physics is naturally suppressed by the large volume of the extra dimension, and the threshold correction is dominated by a calculable contribution from Kaluza-Klein towers that gives the values for \sin^2\theta_w and \alpha_s in good agreement with low-energy data. The threshold correction is reliably estimated despite the fact that the theory is strongly coupled at the cut-off scale. A realistic 5d supersymmetric SU(5) model is presented as an example, where rapid d=6 proton decay is avoided by putting the first generation matter in the 5d bulk.Comment: 17 pages, latex, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Evaluation of the Interplay between the ADAR Editome and Immunotherapy in Melanoma.

RNA editing is a highly conserved posttranscriptional mechanism that contributes to transcriptome diversity. In mammals, it includes nucleobase deaminations that convert cytidine (C) into uridine (U) and adenosine (A) into inosine (I). Evidence from cancer studies indicates that RNA-editing enzymes promote certain mechanisms of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, recoding editing in mRNA can generate mutations in proteins that can participate in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ligandome and can therefore be recognized by the adaptive immune system. Anti-cancer treatment based on the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance these natural anti-cancer immune responses. Based on RNA-Seq datasets, we evaluated the editome of melanoma cell lines generated from patients pre- and post-immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our results reveal a differential editing in Arthrobacter luteus (Alu) sequences between samples pre-therapy and relapses during therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These data pave the way towards the development of new diagnostics and therapies targeted to editing that could help in preventing relapses during immunotherapies

From crystal to amorphopus: a novel route towards unjamming in soft disk packings

It is presented a numerical study on the unjamming packing fraction of bi- and polydisperse disk packings, which are generated through compression of a monodisperse crystal. In bidisperse systems, a fraction f_+ = 40% up to 80% of the total number of particles have their radii increased by \Delta R, while the rest has their radii decreased by the same amount. Polydisperse packings are prepared by changing all particle radii according to a uniform distribution in the range [-\Delta R,\Delta R]. The results indicate that the critical packing fraction is never larger than the value for the initial monodisperse crystal, \phi = \pi/12, and that the lowest value achieved is approximately the one for random close packing. These results are seen as a consequence of the interplay between the increase in small-small particle contacts and the local crystalline order provided by the large-large particle contacts.Comment: two columns, 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.

Simulating Reionization in Numerical Cosmology

The incorporation of radiative transfer effects into cosmological hydrodynamical simulations is essential for understanding how the intergalactic medium (IGM) makes the transition from a neutral medium to one that is almost fully ionized. Here, we present an approximate numerical method designed to study in a statistical sense how a cosmological density field is ionized by a set of discrete point sources. A diffuse background radiation field is also computed self-consistently in our procedure. The method requires relatively few time steps and can be employed with simulations having high resolution. We describe the details of the algorithm and provide a description of how the method can be applied to the output from a pre-existing cosmological simulation to study the systematic reionization of a particular ionic species. As a first application, we compute the reionization of He II by quasars in the redshift range 3 to 6.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to New

Well-posedness of Hydrodynamics on the Moving Elastic Surface

The dynamics of a membrane is a coupled system comprising a moving elastic surface and an incompressible membrane fluid. We will consider a reduced elastic surface model, which involves the evolution equations of the moving surface, the dynamic equations of the two-dimensional fluid, and the incompressible equation, all of which operate within a curved geometry. In this paper, we prove the local existence and uniqueness of the solution to the reduced elastic surface model by reformulating the model into a new system in the isothermal coordinates. One major difficulty is that of constructing an appropriate iterative scheme such that the limit system is consistent with the original system.Comment: The introduction is rewritte