Deformations of the Boson sp(4,R)sp(4,R) Representation and its Subalgebras

The boson representation of the sp(4,R) algebra and two distinct deformations of it, are considered, as well as the compact and noncompact subalgebras of each. The initial as well as the deformed representations act in the same Fock space. One of the deformed representation is based on the standard q-deformation of the boson creation and annihilation operators. The subalgebras of sp(4,R) (compact u(2) and three representations of the noncompact u(1,1) are also deformed and are contained in this deformed algebra. They are reducible in the action spaces of sp(4,R) and decompose into irreducible representations. The other deformed representation, is realized by means of a transformation of the q-deformed bosons into q-tensors (spinor-like) with respect to the standard deformed su(2). All of its generators are deformed and have expressions in terms of tensor products of spinor-like operators. In this case, an other deformation of su(2) appears in a natural way as a subalgebra and can be interpreted as a deformation of the angular momentum algebra so(3). Its representation is reducible and decomposes into irreducible ones that yields a complete description of the same

q-Analogue of Am−1⊕An−1⊂Amn−1A_{m-1}\oplus A_{n-1}\subset A_{mn-1}

A natural embedding $A_{m-1}\oplus A_{n-1}\subset A_{mn-1}$ for the corresponding quantum algebras is constructed through the appropriate comultiplication on the generators of each of the $A_{m-1}$ and $A_{n-1}$ algebras. The above embedding is proved in their $q$-boson realization by means of the isomorphism between the $\mathcal{A}_q^{-}$ (mn)$\sim {\otimes} ^n \mathcal{A}_q^{-}$(m)$\sim {\otimes}^m\mathcal{A}_q^{-}$(n) algebras.Comment: 11 pages, no figures. In memory of professor R. P. Rousse

Immobilization of Trichosporon cutaneum R 57 Cells onto Methylcellulose/SiO2 Hybrids and Biosorption of Cadmium and Copper Ions

Methylcellulose/Silica (MC/SiO2) hybrids were synthesized via poly step sol-gel method. SiO2 was included into the hybrids from two silica precursors - methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS) with different quantity of organic part-5, 20 and 50 wt.%. The filamentous yeasts Trichosporon cutaneum strain R 57 was immobilized onto the synthesized MC/SiO2 hybrids. After immobilization the hybrid materials were used in the processes of sorption of cadmium and copper ions. The obtained results of protein content analysis indicated that the amount of protein increased with increasing of MC in the hybrids. It was established that the maximal efficiency of copper and cadmium removal were observed for hybrid materials containing MTES and 50 wt.% MC - 66% and 26% respectively. For ETMS and 50 wt.% MC a high value of copper removal was 56% and for cadmium - 45% removal, respectively. FTIR analysis of free and immobilized cells with metal ions was conducted. SEM images showed successful immobilization of the yeasts cells. Second order model was employed in order to investigate the kinetics of copper and cadmium biosorption

Staggering behavior of the low lying excited states of even-even nuclei in a Sp(4,R) classification scheme

We implement a high order discrete derivative analysis of the low lying collective energies of even-even nuclei with respect to the total number of valence nucleon pairs N in the framework of F- spin multiplets appearing in a symplectic sp(4,R) classification scheme. We find that for the nuclei of any given F- multiplet the respective experimental energies exhibit a Delta N=2 staggering behavior and for the nuclei of two united neighboring F- multiplets well pronounced Delta N=1 staggering patterns are observed. Those effects have been reproduced successfully through a generalized sp(4,R) model energy expression and explained in terms of the step-like changes in collective modes within the F- multiplets and the alternation of the F-spin projection in the united neighboring multiplets. On this basis we suggest that the observed Delta N=2 and Delta N=1 staggering effects carry detailed information about the respective systematic manifestation of both high order alpha - particle like quartetting of nucleons and proton (neutron) pairing interaction in nuclei.PACS number(s):21.10.Re, 21.60.FwComment: 22 pages and 6 figures changes in the figure caption

Differential Radiometers Using Fabry-Perot Interferometric Technique for Remote Sensing Determination of Various Atmospheric Trace Gases

New type of remote sensing instrument based upon the Fabry-Perot inte rferometric technique has been developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Fabry-Perot interferometry (FPI) is a well known, powerful spectroscopic technique and one of its many applications is to be use d to measure greenhouse gases and also some harmful species in the at mosphere. With this technique, absorption of particular species is me asured and related to its concentration. A solid Fabry-Perot etalon is used as a frequency filter to restrict the measurement to particular absorption bands of the gas of interest. With adjusting the thicknes s of the etalon that separation (in frequency) of the transmitted fri nges can be made equal to the almost constant separation of the gas a bsorption lines. By adjusting the temperature of the etalon, which changes the index of refi-action of its material, the transmission fring es can be brought into nearly exact correspondence with absorption li nes of the particular species. With this alignment between absorption lines and fringes, changes in the amount of a species in the atmosph ere strongly affect the amount of light transmitted by the etalon and can be related to gas concentration. The instrument that we have dev eloped detects the absorption of various atmospheric trace gases in d irect or reflected sunlight. Our instrument employing Fabry-Perot interferometer makes use of two features to achieve high sensitivity. The first is high spectral resolution enabling one to match the width of an atmospheric absorption feature by the instrumental band pass. The second is high optical throughput enabled by using multiple spectral lines simultaneously. For any species that one wishes to measure, thi s first feature is available while the use of multiple spectral features can be employed only for species with suitable spectra and freedom from interfering species in the same wavelength region. We have deve loped an instrument for use as ground based, airborne and satellite s ensor for gases such as carbon dioxide (1570 nm), oxygen (762 nm and 768 nm lines sensitive to changes in oxygen pressure and oxygen temper ature) and water vapor (940 nm). Our current goal is to develop an ul tra precise, inexpensive, ground based device suitable for wide deplo yment as a validation instrument for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) satellite. We show sensitivity measurements for CO2, 02, and H2 O, compare our measurements to those obtained using other types of sensors and discuss some of the peculiarities that must be addressed in order to provide the very high quality column detection required for solving problems about global distribution of greenhouse gases and cl imatological models. In another area of research we are interested in developing a small-size channel for CO2 capable of doing simultaneous measurements with the AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) at NASA, God dard to study the hypothesis that atmospheric aerosols affect the reg ional terrestrial carbon cycle. We present recent data from our groun d based measurements of O2, CO2, H2O and (13)CO2 and discuss extensio n of the technique to new species and applications

Expression of sialyltransferases from the St3gal, St6gal and St6galnac families in mouse skeletal muscle and mouse C2C12 myotubes

In skeletal muscles, the sialic acids have a great significance for their functional maintenance and proper structural organization. Our work described the expressions of St3gal, St6gal and St6galnac sialyltransferases specific for glycoproteins in mouse skeletal muscles and murine C2C12 myotubes. Lectin histochemistry, cytochemistry and lectin blot were used to demonstrate the membrane localization and the electrophoretic profiles of α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialylated glycoproteins. The expression levels of sialyltransferases were analysed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. The enzymes St6gal2 and St6galnac1 were not expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and C2C12 myotubes. In both experimental groups, mRNAs of the St3gal family prevailed over the mRNA expressions of the St6gal and St6galnac families. The profiles of sialyltransferase expressions showed differences between the two experimental groups, illustrated by the absence of expressions of the mRNA for the St3gal6 and St6galnac3 genes in the C2C12 cell samples and by the different shares of the enzymes St3gal3 and St3gal4 in both experimental groups. The different patterns of enzyme expressions in both experimental groups corresponded with differences between their α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialylated glycoprotein profiles. These results could be a useful addendum to the knowledge concerning the glycosylation of the skeletal muscle tissue

Development of a Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Ultra-Precise Measurements of Column CO2

A passive Fabry-Perot based instrument is described for detecting column CO2 through absorption measurements at 1.58 microns . In this design, solar flux reaches the instrument platform and is directed through two channels. In the first channel, transmittance fi5nges from a Fabry-Perot interferometer are aligned with CO2 absorption lines so that absorption due to CO2 is primarily detected. The second channel encompasses the same frequency region as the first, but is comparatively more sensitive to changes in the solar flux than absorption due to CO2. The ratio of these channels is sensitive to changes in the total CO2 column, but not to changes in solar flux. This inexpensive instrument will offer high precision measurements (error 4%) in a compact package. Design of this instrument and preliminary ground-based measurements of column CO2 are presented here as well as strategies for deployment on aircraft and satellite platforms

Differential Radiometers Using Fabry-Perot Interferometric Technique for Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases

A new type of remote sensing radiometer based upon the Fabry-Perot interferometric technique has been developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and tested from both ground and aircraft platform. The sensor uses direct or reflected sunlight and has channels for measuring column concentration of carbon dioxide at 1570 nm, oxygen lines sensitive to pressure and temperature at 762 and 768 nm, and water vapor (940 nm). A solid Fabry-Perot etalon is used as a tunable narrow bandpass filter to restrict the measurement to the gas of interest's absorption bands. By adjusting the temperature of the etalon, which changes the index of refraction of its material, the transmission fringes can be brought into nearly exact correspondence with absorption lines of the particular species. With this alignment between absorption lines and fringes, changes in the amount of a species in the atmosphere strongly affect the amount of light transmitted by the etalon and can be related to gas concentration. The technique is applicable to different chemical species. We have performed simulations and instrument design studies for CH4, "Cot isotope, and CO detection. Index Terms- Absorbing media, Atmospheric measurements, Fabry-Perot interferometers, Optical interferometry, Remote sensing

Communicative discourse of terminology used in gastronomical media culture

This article aims to analyze and describe the food discourse and terms of the French language, as well as to determine correlations with the French national and cultural worldview. The study also considers the current state of "gastronomical discourse" based on the French food semiotic and communicative mode