34,585 research outputs found
Generators and closed classes of groups
We show that in the category of groups, every singly-generated class which is
closed under isomorphisms, direct limits and extensions is also
singly-generated under isomorphisms and direct limits, and in particular is
co-reflective. We also establish several new relations between singly-generated
closed classes.Comment: 22 page
The effect of international trade on mark-ups distribution
This paper presents empirical evidence about the relationship between market openness and markup distribution of manufacturing firms. The empirical analysis uses a panel data set of Spanish firms in the period 1990-2005, with a structural approach that lets us to identify individual mark-ups. The results point out that tougher competition associated to openness reduces the average of marginal costs and prices, while it increases the average firm size. However, the evidence about the effect on average markups and the dispersion of performance variables is weaker. These results partially support the theoretical predictions by the recent literature on efficiency heterogeneity and international trade and, in particular, Melitz and Ottaviano (2008).markups, marginal costs, size, openness
Markups, bargaining power and offshoring: an empirical assessment
This paper tests the pro-competitive effect of imports on product and labour markets for Spanish manufacturing firms in the period 1990-2005. In doing so, it takes into account the type of imported products: final vs intermediate. Markups are estimated following the procedure suggested by Roeger (1995) and including an efficient bargaining model. The observed heterogeneity among firms is parameterized to consider additional product standardization and market concentration. The results support the Imports as Market Discipline hypothesis for importers of final goods, while firms that offshore intermediate inputs show similar markups to non-importers. Additionally, the union bargaining power is smaller the more final-goods oriented imports are and the more homogeneous is the type of goods elaborated by firms.Markups, offshoring, bargaining power
Non-simple localizations of finite simple groups
Often a localization functor (in the category of groups) sends a finite
simple group to another finite simple group. We study when such a localization
also induces a localization between the automorphism groups and between the
universal central extensions. As a consequence we exhibit many examples of
localizations of finite simple groups which are not simple.Comment: 10 page
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