Эластография печени в детской практике

We anylised results of elastography of 77 patients with chronic liver diffus lesions including: viruses hepatitis B, C, D – 50, autoimmune – 16, metabolic disease – 6, neonatal hepatities – 5 persons. Fibrosis stage was assessed on METAVIR scail. For patients with viruses hepatitis B, C with an averege duration of disease 9,8±0,7 years, a minimum fibrosis stage (F0-1) and low cytolytic activity were indicated. Patients with viruses hepatitis D were characterised by F2 fibrosis stage at the level of hyperenzemia to 4-5 rate, and history of the disease – 10,3±1,8 years. Patients with metabolic liver damage showed signs of modarate fibrosis at 10,3±1,8 years. Heavy fibrosis was marked in autoimmune hepatitis with duration of disease 5 years and indicators of ALT to 3 rate. Neonatal hepatities were characterised by the highest level of cytolysis and by development of fibrosis in 80% of cases with 0,9+0,3 year history of the disease.Проанализированы результаты эластографии у 77 пациентов с хроническими диффузными поражениями печени, среди которых: вирусные гепатиты В, С, D – 50, аутоиммунные – 16, обменные заболевания – 6, неонатальные гепатиты – 5 человек. Степень фиброза оценивалась по шкале METAVIR. У больных вирусным гепатитом В и С со средней длительностью болезни 9,8±0,7 лет отмечалась минимальная степень фиброза (F0-1) и низкая цитолитическая активность; вирусным гепатитом D – F2, при уровне гиперферментемии до 4–5 норм, и анамнезе заболевания – 10,3±1,8 лет. Признаки умеренного фиброза (F2) у пациентов с метаболическими поражениями печени формировались к 11,6±0,8 годам. При аутоиммунных гепатитах отмечена выраженная степень фиброза (F3) с длительностью заболевания 5,6±0,5 лет и показателях АлАТ до 3 норм. Неонатальные гепатиты с анамнезом заболевания 0,9±0,3 года, характеризовались максимально высокими показателями цитолиза и развитием фиброза (F3-4) в 80% случаев

Socio-economic determinants for the deployment of Climate-Smart One-Health innovations. A meta-analysis approach prioritizing Ghana and Benin

Open Access Journal; Published online: 14 Mar 2023An ecosystem is inhabited by organisms that rely on it for their livelihoods. For an ecosystem to sustain life, its life-supporting components must be alive to be able to preserve both the ecosystem’s life-supporting components like soil, vegetation, water, etc., and the living organisms inhabiting the ecosystem like humans, birds, domestic, and wild animals, termed as the One-Health concept. This is indispensable for the sustainability of life. Several factors determine the ability of the ecosystem to provide ecosystem services and support life, more so amidst climate change. Hence, climate-smart (CS) One-Health innovations are essential to maintain the integrity of the ecosystem to be able to support life. However, factors that could effectively determine the deployment of such CS One-Health innovations are not well identified. This paper, closes the knowledge gap through a systematic review of literature for a meta-analysis of the socio-economic determinants for the successful deployment of CS One-Health innovations. Using a scoping review methodology, search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and AgriEcon were explored extensively for literature on CS One-Health innovations. Search results were then screened and only articles that met the inclusion criteria were considered in this study. Subsequently, appropriate articles were identified for data extraction. Results revealed that political will, community participation, knowledge of CS One-Health practices, the willingness of parties to engage in multi-disciplinary collaborative activities, and level of investment (income/funds) were enablers for the deployment of CS One-Health innovations. On the other hand, behavior incompatibility with innovations, policy failure to restrict the use of toxic substances in agriculture, poor community knowledge of CS One-Health innovations, and language barriers between communities and innovators, hindered such deployment. Hence, multiple factors (fostering and hindering) must be addressed in a multi-disciplinary framework to ensure the successful deployment of CS One-Health innovations

Liver elastography in children practice

We anylised results of elastography of 77 patients with chronic liver diffus lesions including: viruses hepatitis B, C, D – 50, autoimmune – 16, metabolic disease – 6, neonatal hepatities – 5 persons. Fibrosis stage was assessed on METAVIR scail. For patients with viruses hepatitis B, C with an averege duration of disease 9,8±0,7 years, a minimum fibrosis stage (F0-1) and low cytolytic activity were indicated. Patients with viruses hepatitis D were characterised by F2 fibrosis stage at the level of hyperenzemia to 4-5 rate, and history of the disease – 10,3±1,8 years. Patients with metabolic liver damage showed signs of modarate fibrosis at 10,3±1,8 years. Heavy fibrosis was marked in autoimmune hepatitis with duration of disease 5 years and indicators of ALT to 3 rate. Neonatal hepatities were characterised by the highest level of cytolysis and by development of fibrosis in 80% of cases with 0,9+0,3 year history of the disease

Horizon scanning to assess the bioclimatic potential for the alien species Spodoptera eridania

BACKGROUND: The southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the tropical Americas where the pest can feed on more than 100 plant species. SAW was recently detected in West and Central Africa, feeding on various crops including cassava, cotton, amaranth and tomato. The current work was carried out to predict the potential spatial distribution of SAW and four of its co‐evolved parasitoids at a global scale using the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm. RESULTS: SAW may not be a huge problem outside its native range (the Americas) for the time being, but may compromise crop yields in specific hotspots in coming years. The analysis of its potential distribution anticipates that the pest might easily migrate east and south from Cameroon and Gabon. CONCLUSION: The models used generally demonstrate that all the parasitoids considered are good candidates for the biological control of SAW globally, except they will not be able to establish in specific climates. The current paper discusses the potential role of biological control using parasitoids as a crucial component of a durable climate‐smart integrated management of SAW to support decision making in Africa and in other regions of bioclimatic suitability. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry