492 research outputs found
Trajectory of age-associated changes in small intestinal microbial community of healthy person metaorganism
The study of the small intestinal microbiota in humans is complicated due to the low availability of biomaterial. Non-invasive methods of metabolomics and bioinformatic data analysis can expand our understanding of the small intestinal microbiota structure and its role in maintaining body homeostasis. Here we assess the trajectory of age-related changes in the small intestinal microbial community of healthy individuals in the context of metaorganism-wide interaction between cytokine and neuroendocrine systems, by using the methods of gas chromatography mass spectrometry of microbial markers (GCMS MM) and optimal scaling. 110 apparently healthy children, adults and elderly individuals were enrolled to the study. The main types of the small intestine microbiota (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria) were quantified in peripheral blood by the GCMS MM method. To construct age-related trajectories of changes in the small intestinal microbiota and parameters of cytokine and neuroendocrine systems, the optimal scaling technique based on the multivariate Gifi transformation (CATPCA method) was used. It was found, that the small intestinal bacterial community of both children and seniors contained significantly lowered total number of microorganisms due to the low number of bacteria of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria types along with high number of members of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria types compared with adults. Assessment of the trajectory of age-associated changes in microbiota of the small intestine showed that 1) children have strong dynamic fluctuations in the number and links within microbial community along with formation of links between the main regulatory immune and neuroendocrine systems of the metaorganism, 2) adults display plasticity and consistency in functioning of immune and nervous systems that determine the state of dynamic balance of the small intestinal microbiota, 3) healthy aging is characterized by high degree of cooperation between the main members of the bacterial community, which ensures system stability at new level, as one of the mechanisms of host adaptation. Thus, using methods of GCMS MM and optimal scaling, allows us to expand our understanding about age-associated trajectory of changes in the small intestinal microbiota and its cooperation with immune and neuroendocrine systems within the metaorganism, which can be used to develop new methods of therapy for infectious and non-infectious diseases
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) there are many winter roads for transportation of food and essential goods. As a rule, vehicles are running on a diesel fuel on such roads. Despite the difficulties in operating diesel vehicles under extremely low temperatures, diesel vehicles are much more powerful and economical than gasoline ones. Problems with start and operation of a diesel engine are associated with low-temperature properties of diesel fuel. The process involved in refining oil to create a winter class diesel fuel is expensive and complex because paraffinic hydrocarbons must be removed.Therefore, today it is important to produce winter classes of diesel fuel by compounding a pour point depressant and a summer class of fuel. When using additives, problems arise with the choice of their concentration. Those limits that the manufacturer recommends in real life show a negative result.There is no wide range of those additives in Yakutia so the authors chose for experiments Dewaxol additives that diminish sedimentation during fuel transportation. So, during the study of the impact of Dewaxol additive, that contained amides and imides of mono- and dicarboxylic acids on the diesel fuel, it was considered how, at various concentrations of the additive and the heating temperature of fuel, the cloud point decreases, and sedimentation stability improves. The least squares method has allowed describing optimal concentration of pour point depressant. The study resulted in the conclusion that the fuel with a high content of depressant-dispersant additive has the best sedimentation stability.Π Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Π°Ρ
Π° (Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ) ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ Π΅Π·Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
, Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ.Π Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Dewaxol, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Dewaxol, Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎ- ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ
A new fireworm (Amphinomidae) from the Cretaceous of Lebanon identified from three-dimensionally preserved myoanatomy
Β© 2015 Parry et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article
A large spin-up rate measured with INTEGRAL in the High Mass X-ray Binary Pulsar SAXJ2103.5+4545
The High Mass X-ray Binary Pulsar SAXJ2103.5+4545 has been observed with
INTEGRAL several times during the last outburst in 2002-2004. We report a
comprehensive study of all INTEGRAL observations, allowing a study of the pulse
period evolution during the recent outburst. We measured a very rapid spin-up
episode, lasting 130days, which decreased the pulse period by 1.8s. The spin-up
rate, pdot=-1.5e-7 s/s, is the largest ever measured for SAXJ2103.5+4545, and
it is among the fastest for an accreting pulsar. The pulse profile shows
evidence for temporal variability, apparently not related to the source flux or
to the orbital phase. The X-ray spectrum is hard and there is significant
emission up to 150keV. A new derivation of the orbital period, based on RXTE
data, is also reported.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The Harm of Alcohol to Human Health
Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π± ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈ. Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.The use of strong drinks inevitably harms human health, both physically and mentally. Oftentimes, abusers are unaware of the magnitude of the consequences of their bad habit. A person who drinks alcohol eats away at himself from the inside, eats away at everything around him, prevents the possibility of having healthy and developed offspring
X-ray line formation in the spectrum of SS 433
The mechanisms for the formation of X-ray lines in the spectrum of SS 433 are
investigated by taking into account the radiative transfer inside the jets. The
results of Monte Carlo numerical simulations are presented. The effect of a
decrease in line intensity due to scattering inside the jet turns out to be
pronounced, but it does not exceed 60% in magnitude on the entire grid of
parameters. The line broadening due to scattering, nutational motion, and the
contribution of satellites can lead to overestimates of the jet opening angle
from the line widths in Chandra X-ray observations. The fine structure
of the lines turns out to be very sensitive to the scattering effects. This
makes its investigation by planned X-ray observatories equipped with
high-resolution spectrometers (primarily Astro-H) a powerful tool for
diagnosing the parameters of the jets in SS 433.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Astronomy Letters, v. 38, n.
7, p. 443 (2012
Effect of the reverse shock on the parameters of the observed X-Ray emission during the 1998 outburst of CI Cam
Based on the model of interaction between spherically symmetrical expanding
matter and the external medium, we have estimated the parameters of the matter
heated by the shock that was produced in the envelope ejected by the explosion
of a classical nova during its interaction with the stellar wind from the
optical companion. Using this model, we have shown that the matter ejected
during the outburst in the system CI Cam had no steep velocity gradients and
that the reverse shock could heat the ejected matter only to a temperature of
~0.1 keV. Therefore, this matter did not contribute to the mean temperature and
luminosity of the system observed in the energy range 3-20 keV.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The article deals with the issue of road safety in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.The analysis of road traffic accidents over the past 10 years that occurred in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was carried out for the first time ever. The study refers to the total number of road traffic accidents, accidents due to the fault of pedestrians, accidents due to the unsatisfied condition of streets and roads, accidents involving children under 16 years of age, accidents involving drivers with signs of alcohol intoxication and accidents committed by drivers without the right to drive vehicles. Based on the data obtained, a coefficient K was proposed that characterises the state of road safety in the Arctic regions in comparison with traffic safety in general in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).The analysis of road traffic accident statistics has shown that many accidents are the fault of drivers without a driverβs license and revealed the districts with respectively the highest and lowest number of accidents as per their types listed above.Despite the huge territory and the small number of inhabitants, and consequently the low population density, the number of accidents in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been increasing every year necessitating efforts to improve road safety.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π°Ρ
Π° (Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ) Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠ’Π, ΠΠ’Π ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΠ’Π ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³, ΠΠ’Π Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ 16 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΠ’Π Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ’Π, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Β«ΠΒ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Π°Ρ
Π° (Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ).ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ’Π ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠ’Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠ°Π² Π½Π° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ’Π ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠ’Π Π² ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π°Ρ
Π° (Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ) ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
XMM-Newton observations of IGRJ18410-0535: The ingestion of a clump by a supergiant fast X-ray transient
IGRJ18410-0535 is a supergiant fast X-ray transients. This subclass of
supergiant X-ray binaries typically undergoes few- hour-long outbursts reaching
luminosities of 10^(36)-10^(37) erg/s, the occurrence of which has been
ascribed to the combined effect of the intense magnetic field and rotation of
the compact object hosted in them and/or the presence of dense structures
("clumps") in the wind of their supergiant companion. IGR J18410-0535 was
observed for 45 ks by XMM-Newton as part of a program designed to study the
quiescent emission of supergiant fast X-ray transients and clarify the origin
of their peculiar X-ray variability. We carried out an in-depth spectral and
timing analysis of these XMM-Newton data. IGR J18410-0535 underwent a bright
X-ray flare that started about 5 ks after the beginning of the observation and
lasted for \sim15 ks. Thanks to the capabilities of the instruments on-board
XMM-Newton, the whole event could be followed in great detail. The results of
our analysis provide strong convincing evidence that the flare was produced by
the accretion of matter from a massive clump onto the compact object hosted in
this system. By assuming that the clump is spherical and moves at the same
velocity as the homogeneous stellar wind, we estimate a mass and radius of Mcl
\simeq1.4\times10^(22) g and Rcl \simeq8\times10^(11) cm. These are in
qualitative agreement with values expected from theoretical calculations. We
found no evidence of pulsations at \sim4.7 s after investigating coherent
modulations in the range 3.5 ms-100 s. A reanalysis of the archival ASCA and
Swift data of IGR J18410-0535, for which these pulsations were previously
detected, revealed that they were likely to be due to a statistical fluctuation
and an instrumental effect, respectively.Comment: Accepted for publication on A&A. V2: Inserted correct version of
Fig.1
- β¦