HIV and the Law: Integrating Law, Policy, and Social Epidemiology

This article will consider first how laws in the United States could plausibly act as pathways, or mechanisms, by which deeper social determinants affect health, specifically HIV risk and resilience. Next, it will address the role of law in shaping those determinants themselves. For each example, we will ask the following questions: (1) how do law and policy link with risk; (2) what evidence supports this link; (3) what conclusions can we draw from the relationship between law/policy and risk; and (4) based on these conclusions, what policy options or research questions can we identify that will enhance the use of law/policy as a structural intervention. The article does not specifically address the role of law in HiV in the developing world, where the vast majority of the estimated 40 million people currently living with HIV reside

Characterization of multilayer stack parameters from X-ray reflectivity data using the PPM program: measurements and comparison with TEM results

Future hard (10 -100 keV) X-ray telescopes (SIMBOL-X, Con-X, HEXIT-SAT, XEUS) will implement focusing optics with multilayer coatings: in view of the production of these optics we are exploring several deposition techniques for the reflective coatings. In order to evaluate the achievable optical performance X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) measurements are performed, which are powerful tools for the in-depth characterization of multilayer properties (roughness, thickness and density distribution). An exact extraction of the stack parameters is however difficult because the XRR scans depend on them in a complex way. The PPM code, developed at ERSF in the past years, is able to derive the layer-by-layer properties of multilayer structures from semi-automatic XRR scan fittings by means of a global minimization procedure in the parameters space. In this work we will present the PPM modeling of some multilayer stacks (Pt/C and Ni/C) deposited by simple e-beam evaporation. Moreover, in order to verify the predictions of PPM, the obtained results are compared with TEM profiles taken on the same set of samples. As we will show, PPM results are in good agreement with the TEM findings. In addition, we show that the accurate fitting returns a physically correct evaluation of the variation of layers thickness through the stack, whereas the thickness trend derived from TEM profiles can be altered by the superposition of roughness profiles in the sample image

The Polyakov action on the supertorus

A consistent method for obtaining a well-defined Polyakov action on the supertorus is presented. This method uses the covariantization of derivative operators and enables us to construct a Polyakov action which is globally defined.Comment: 15 pages LaTe

Induced quantum gravity on a Riemann Surface

Induced quantum gravity dynamics built over a Riemann surface is studied in arbitrary dimension. Local coordinates on the target space are given by means of the Laguerre-Forsyth construction. A simple model is proposed and pertubatively quantized. In doing so, the classical W-symmetry turns out to be preserved on-shell at any order of the $\hbar$ perturbative expansion. As a main result, due to quantum corrections, the target coordinates acquire a non-trivial character.Comment: LaTex, 32 pages, no figures, submitted to Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Incidencias de la dimensión histórica en la formación teológico-pastoral

Ningun

Induced Polyakov supergravity on Riemann surfaces of higher genus

An effective action is obtained for the $N=1$, $2D-$induced supergravity on a compact super Riemann surface (without boundary) $\hat\Sigma$ of genus $g>1$, as the general solution of the corresponding superconformal Ward identity. This is accomplished by defining a new super integration theory on $\hat\Sigma$ which includes a new formulation of the super Stokes theorem and residue calculus in the superfield formalism. Another crucial ingredient is the notion of polydromic fields. The resulting action is shown to be well-defined and free of singularities on \sig. As a by-product, we point out a morphism between the diffeomorphism symmetry and holomorphic properties.Comment: LPTB 93-10, Latex file 20 page

Work-related stress mediate the relationship between safety climate and safety performance.

During the last few years the approach to prevention of injury has focused more on the human factor, highlighting the important role that work-related stress, safety climate and safety culture play in preventing work accidents (Fogarty, 2004). The main aim of the present study was to test Fogarty\u2019s (2004) proposition that the link between safety climate and errors is mediated by psychological health and that psychological stress has an important role as being among the immediate causes of accidents. For these reasons safety climate, safety performance and work-related stress were assessed in 98 metal and mechanical workers employed in two different companies in the north-east of Italy. The validated Integrated Organizational Safety Climate Questionnaire was used to assess three safety climate measures (Organizational, Supervisor and Co-worker). Each item on each measure has a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 = never to 7 = always. The Italian version of the HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool was used to asses work related stress. Each item has a 5-point scale that ranges from 1 = never to 5 = always. A Structural equation model showed that work related stress seemed to mediate the relationship between safety climate and safety performance. More data must to be collected to confirm the model. The results suggest the importance for management to monitor both safety climate and individual health variables to avoid accidents and errors