СОРБЦИОННО-ФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ И ТЕСТ-ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОБЩЕГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА В ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОДАХ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОРБЕНТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ПОЛИГЕКСАМЕТИЛЕНГУАНИДИНОМ, ФЕРРОЗИНОМ И ФЕРЕНОМ С С.Л. Дидух, А.Н. Мухина, В.Н. Лосев

The zirconium oxide based sorbents  were prepared by modifying polyhexamethylene guanidine, Ferrozine or Ferene S. Optimal conditions were found for modifying the zirconium oxide by Ferrozine and Ferene S. The sorption capacity of the sorbents is 25 mM/g for Ferrozine and 5 mM/g for Feren S. The sorbents quantitatively extract the iron(II)   from solutions of pH 2.5 – 7.0. Intensively colored iron(II) complexes are formed on the sorbents surface during sorption from solutions of pH 2.5 – 5.0 during 20 min. The diffuse reflectance spectra have maxima at 560 and 600 nm for the sorbents with the functional groups of Ferrozine and Ferene S, respectively. This effect was suggested for development of procedures of sorption-photometric and visual test determination of iron(II). The calibration curves were linear over the range 0.1 – 4.0 μg per0,1 gof the sorbent. The limit of detection sorption-photometric determination of iron (II) calculated by the 3s-criterion is 0.006 mg / 0.015 mg and 0.1g / 0.1g for sorbents with functional groups of Ferrozine and Ferene S, respectively. The proposed method was used for determination of total iron in natural waters. The results of sorption-photometric determination of total iron were confirmed by the results of atomic-emission method with inductively coupled plasma.Keywords: Adsorption, modified zirconium oxide, Ferene S, Ferrozine, Iron(II), Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, test-systems. (Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.4.009 S.L. Didukh, A.N. Mukhina, V.N. Losev Research Engineering Centre ‘Kristall’ of Siberian Federal University, Krasnoiarsk, Russian FederationREFERENCES1. Analytical measurements in aquatic environments. Ed. by Namiensnik J., Szefer P. CRC Press, 2010. 503 p.2. Marchenko Z., Bal’tsezhak M. Metody spectrofotometrii v UF i vidimoi oblastiakh v neorganicheskom analize [Spectrophotometric methods in UV and VIS ranges in inorganic analysis]. Moscow, Binom, 2007. 711 p. (in Russian)3. Haghighi B., Safavi A. Simultaneous flow injction determination of iron(II) and iron(III) with opto-electrochemical detection. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, vol. 354, pp. 43-50. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(97)00436-4.4. Mulaudzi L.V., van Staden J.F., Stefan R.I. On-line determination of iron(II) and iron(III) using a spectrophotometric sequential injection system. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, vol. 467, pp. 35-49. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00128-9.5. Ermolenko Iu.V., Gridina N.N., Sokolovskaia A.P. [Chemical-analytical system Fe (III) - tyrone - chitosan for spectrophotometry determination of iron]. Uspekhi v khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii [Advances in chemistry and chemical technology], 2011, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 50-55 (in Russian).6. Zhenpu Wang, Cheng K.L. Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron with 1,10-phenanthroline in the Presence of Copper. Microchimica Acta, 1982, II, pp. 115-124. doi: 10.1007/BF012066977. Van Staden J.F., Naidoo E.B. Determination of total iron as Fe(II) in multivitamins, haеmatinics and natural waters using a sequential injection system. South African Journal of Chemistry, 2000, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 191-205.8. Jankiewicz B., Ptaszynski B., Turek A. Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron(II) in the Soil of Selected Allotment gardens in Lodz. Polish Journal of Environmental Studie, 2002, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 745-749.9. Fresenius W., Schneider W. For the determination of iron(II) and total iron with 2,2'-dipyridyl in mineral waters. Reduction of iron(III) with ascorbic acid. Z. analyt. Chem, 1976, vol. 209, pp. 340-341.10. Stauffer M.T., Weller W.E., Kubas K.R., Casoni K.A. Limiting reactants in chemical analysis: influences of metals and ligands on calibration curves and formation constants for selected iron-ligand chelates. Stoichiometry and Research – The Impotance of Quantity in Biomedicine, 2012, pp. 311-334.11. Tsurubou S., Sakai T. High-sensitivity extraction - Spectrophotometric determination of iron with 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester. The Analyst, 1984, vol. 109, pp. 1397-1399. doi: 10.1039/AN9840901397.12. Nagahiro T., Uesugi K., Mehra M.C., Satake M. Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) after separation by adsorption of its complex with 3-(4-phenyl-2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and tetraphenylborate on microcrystalline naphthalene. Talanta, 1985, vol. 31, no. 12, рр. 1112-1114. doi: 10.1016/0039-9140(84)80259-3.13. Ying Chen, Chang-Ming Ding, Tian-Ze Zhou, Da-Yong Qi. Organic solvent-soluble membrane filters for the preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) traces in water with Ferrozine. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, 1999, vol. 363, рр. 119-120. doi: 10.1007/s002160051152.14. Zolotov Iu.A., Tsizin G.I., Dmitrienko S.G., Morosanova E.I. Sоrbtsiоnnое kоntsеntrirovaniе mikrоkоmpоnеntov iz rаstvоrоv [Sorption concentration of micro components from solutions]. Moscow, Science, 2007. 320 p. (in Russian).15. Lisichkin G.V., Fadeev A.Y., Serdan A.A., Mingalyov P.G., Nesterenko P.N., Furman D.B. Khimiia privitykh pоvеrkhnоstnykh soеdinеnii [Chemistry of Surface Grafted Compounds]. Moscow, Fizmatlit, 2003. 592 p. (in Russian).16. Losev V.N., Didukh S.L., Trofimchuk A.K. [Sorption photometric determination of iron using sorbents on the basis of inorganic oxides having functional groups of 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline]. Izvestiia vyzov. Khimiia i khimicheskaia technologiia [Chemistry and chemical technology], 2009, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 32-36 (in Russian).17. Shvartsenbach G. Flashka G. Kompleksonometricheskoe titrovanie [Complexometric Titration]. Moscow, Chemistry, 1970. 360 p. (in Russian).18. Rеshetniak Е.А., Kholina Yu.V., Shеvchenko V.N. [The color scales constraction for visual colorimetry. Representation of analysis results]. Меtоdy i оb”еkty khimicheskogo analiza [Methods and objects of chemical analysis], 2011, vol. 6, no 4, pp. 188-197 (in Russian).Получены сорбенты на основе оксида циркония, последовательно модифицированного полигексаметиленгуанидином, феррозином и ференом С.  Найдены оптимальные условия модифицирования аминированной поверхности оксида циркония феррозином и ференом С. Сорбционная емкость по отношению к органическим реагентам составляет 25 мкМ/г для феррозина и 5 мкМ/г для ферена С. Синтезированные сорбенты количественно извлекают железо(II) из растворов с рН = 2.5-7.0. При сорбции на поверхности сорбентов образуются интенсивно окрашенные комплексы железа(II), имеющие в спектре диффузного отражения широкую полосу с максимумом при 560 и 600 нм соответственно для сорбентов с функциональными группами феррозина и ферена С. Максимальная интенсивность окраски развивается в течение 20 мин при рН = 2.5-5.0. Образование окрашенных комплексов на поверхности сорбента использовано при разработке методик сорбционно-фотометрического и тест-определения железа(II). Градуировочные графики линейны в диапазоне от 0.1 до 4.0 мкг/0.1 г. Предел обнаружения железа(II) сорбционно-фотометрическим методом, рассчитанный по 3s-критерию, равен  0.006 мкг/0.1 г и 0.015 мкг/0.1 г  для сорбентов с функциональными группами феррозина и ферена С, соответственно. Методики использованы при определении общего содержания железа в природных водах. Правильность методик подтверждена атомно-эмиссионным методом с индуктивно связанной плазмой.Ключевые слова: сорбционное концентрирование, модифицированный оксид циркония, феррозин,  ферен С, железо(II), сорбционно-фотометрическое определение, тест-системы.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2014.18.4.009ЛИТЕРАТУРАAnalytical measurements in aquatic environments. Ed. by Namiensnik J., Szefer P. CRC Press, 2010. 503 p.Марченко З., Бальцежак М. Методы спектрофотометрии в УФ и видимой областях в неорганическом анализе: пер. с польского А.В. Гармаша. М.: БИНОМ, 2007. 711 с. Haghighi B., Safavi A. Simultaneous flow injction determination of iron(II) and iron(III) with opto-electrochemical detection // Anal. Chim. Acta. 1997. V. 354. P. 43-50.Mulaudzi L.V. van Staden J.F., Stefan R.I.  On-line determination of iron(II) and iron(III) using a spectrophotometric sequential injection system // Anal. Chim. Acta. 2002. V. 467. P. 35-49.Ермоленко Ю.В., Гридина Н.Н., Соколовская А.П. Химико-аналитическая система Fe(III) – тайрон – хитозан в спектрофотометрии железа // Успехи в химии и химической технологии. 2011. Т. 25, № 2. С. 50-55.Zhenpu W., Cheng K.L. Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron with 1,10-phenanthroline in the Presence of Copper // Microchimica Acta. 1982. II. P. 115-124.Van Staden J.F., Naidoo E.B. Determination of total iron as Fe(II) in multivitamins, haеmatinics and natural waters using a sequential injection system // South African Journal of Chemistry. 2000. V. 53, № 3. P. 191-205.Jankiewicz B., Ptaszynski B., Turek A. Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron(II) in the Soil of Selected Allotment gardens in Lodz // Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2002. V. 11, № 6. P. 745-749.Fresenius W., Schneider W. For the determination of iron(II) and total iron with 2,2'-dipyridyl in mineral waters. Reduction of iron(III) with ascorbic acid // Z. analyt. Chem. 1976. V. 209. P. 340-341.Limiting reactants in chemical analysis: influences of metals and ligands on calibration curves and formation constants for selected iron-ligand chelates / M. Stauffer [et al.] // Stoichiometry and Research – The Impotance of Quantity in Biomedicine. 2012. P. 311-334.Tsurubou S., Sakai T. High-sensitivity extraction – Spectrophotometric determination of iron with 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester // The Analyst. 1984. V. 109. P. 1397-1399.Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) after separation by adsorption of its complex with 3-(4-phenyl-2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and tetraphenylborate on microcrystalline naphthalene / T. Nagahiro [et al.] // Talanta. V. 31, № 12. 1985. P. 1112-1114.Organic solvent-soluble membrane filters for the preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) traces in water with Ferrozine / Ying Chen [et al.] // Fresenius J Anal Chem. 1999. V. 363. P. 119-120.Сорбционное концентрирование микрокомпонентов из растворов / Ю.А. Золотов [и др.]. М.: Наука, 2007. 320 с.Химия привитых поверхностных соединений / Г.В. Лисичкин [и др.] М.: Физматлит, 2003. 592 с.Лосев В.Н., Дидух С.Л., Трофимчук А.К. Сорбционно-фотометрическое определение железа с использованием сорбентов на основе неорганических оксидов с функциональными группами 4,7-дифенил-1,10-фенантролина // Известия вузов. Химия и химическая технология. 2009. Т.52, № 7. С. 32-36.Шварценбах Г., Флашка Г.  Комплексонометрическое титрование. М.: Химия, 1970. 360 с.Решетняк Е.А., Холина Ю.В., Шевченко В.Н. Построение цветовых шкал для визуальной колориметрии. Представление результатов анализа // Методы и объекты химического анализа. 2011. Т. 6, № 4. С. 188-19

EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ON EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS IN KAZAN

The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the real-life practice is delayed for 7–8 years on average. Educational programs for primary care physicians may promote the disease diagnosis. Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of the educational programs for the early diagnosis of AS for primary contact physicians in the real-life clinical practice in Kazan. Material and methods. The development of the educational programs and determination of their effectiveness com- prised three stages: 1) determination of the level of knowledge and problems in the diagnosis and treatment of AS among primary care physicians and neurologists; 2) development of educational programs suitable to be used in the real-life clinical practice; 3) analysis of the effectiveness of implementing the programs according to the reports on work of the City Rheumatology Center in 2009–2011. Results. After running the courses, the number of patients with AS at the Kazan City Rheumatology Center increased almost twofold, from 378 in 2009 to 683 in 2011; the period from the onset of the disease to diagnosis was simultane- ously reduced from 8.4 to 3.5 years. Conclusion. The educational programs for primary care physicians and neurologists in Kazan have promoted shorten- ing of the AS diagnosis time

Ecological features of cyanobacteria and algae communities of the littoral of the meromictic Lake Shira (Khakassia Republic, Russia)

During the study of cyanobacteria and algae from littoral of the meromictic Lake Shira (Republic of Khakas- sia, Russia) forty-eight taxa were identified: Cyanobacteria – 7, Chlorophyta – 5, and Bacillariophyta – 36 species. Cyanobacteria were represented by cosmopolitan taxa Leptolyngbya voronichiniana, cf. Trichocoleus hospitus and widely distributed in the freshwater ecosystems species Phormidium cf. paulsenianum, Pseudophormidium cf. golenkinianum, P. pauciramosum, Leptolyngbya perforans, and L. subtilissima. Among green algae typical freshwater taxa Chloroidium saccharophilum, Desmodesmus abundans, Oocystis lacustris, Chlorella sp., Stigeoclonium sp. were detected. Among Bacillariophyta the most frequent species were Amphora ovalis, Cymbella affinis, Encyonema silesiacum, Eunotia fallax, Gomphonella olivacea, G. parvulum, Kobayasiella subtilissima, Navicula minima, N. radiosa, N. veneta, Nitzchia fonti- cola, N. palea, Grunowia tabellaria, Surirella undulata. Several rare species cf. Fragilaria tenera, Grunowia tabellaria and cf. Ulnaria capitata were found. In relation to mineralization indifferents was the largest group (73%). In relation to pH, a unique feature of the investigated lake was the predominance of alkaliphilic species of diatoms (56%), such as Amphora ovalis, Cymbella affinis, Gomphonema truncatum, Hantzschia amphioxys, Navicula minima, N. veneta, Nitzschia cf. linearis, N. palea, Planothidium lanceolatum and other. In the geographic structure cosmopolitan group included 25 species (69%), boreal group – 4 species (11%), arcto-apline group – 2 species (6%). To obtain more accurate informa- tion on the biodiversity of cyanobacteria and algae of Lake Shira further studies using molecular-genetic and electron microscopic methods are needed

Efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab (humira) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab alone and in combination with basic anti-inflammatory drugs (BAIDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), by taking into account the specific features of the course of the disease. Subjects and methods. The study enrolled 30 patients with a verified diagnosis of RA, its high activity by DAS 28, and ineffective previous therapy with standard BAIDs. At the beginning of the study, 20 (66.7%) patients continued taking BAIDs. According to therapy, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 10 (33.3%) patients received subcutaneous adalimumab injections only; 2) 12 (40%) took adalimumab+methotrexate (MT); 3) 8 (26.7%) had adalimumab+leflunomide. The patient groups were matched for age, the duration and activity of RA (by DAS 28), its X-ray stage and seropositivity. Nine (37.5%) patients took oral glucocorticoids (GCs) and 25 (83.3%) received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Two (8.3%) patients had previously been prescribed biological therapies. Adalimumab was subcutaneously injected every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. The quantitative parameters of articular syndrome and blood and urine biochemical and clinical analyses were used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness. The effect of therapy was evaluated by the ACR and EULAR (DAS 28) criteria. The efficiency of therapy was evaluated 12 and 24 weeks after therapy. Results. The clinical and laboratory effect of adalimumab was noted in 29 (96.7%) of the 30 patients. All the assessed parameters of articular syndrome became significantly lower (p<0.001) by week 12 of therapy and to a greater extent by week 24. Evaluation of the efficiency of adalimumab therapy by the ACR criteria showed that following 12-week therapy, the parameters were decreased by 20% in 87% of the patients and 50% in 16.7%; after 24 weeks, 23.3, 70 and 96.7% achieved very good (ACR 70), good (ACR 50), and satisfactory (ACR 20) effects. Estimation of the time course of changes in the disease activity index (DAS 28) revealed that adalimumab significantly reduced disease activity. Therapeutic effectiveness was also shown as reduced needs for NSAIDs and GCs. Positive clinical and laboratory changes during adalimumab+ MT combination therapy were also demonstrated to be significantly higher than those during adalimumab monotherapy or adalimumab + leflunomide combination therapy. Conclusion. Adalimumab is an effective disease-modifying biological agent. Its benefits may include the rapid development (on days 4-5 on average) and long retention (for 6 months or more) of an effect, a good safety profile (adverse reactions occurred only in 16.7% of the patients), and easiness-to-use

RESISTANCE TO THE BLAST AGENT AND THE MORPHOBIOLOGICALFEATURES OF GENOTYPES IN THE Oryza sativa L. COLLECTION FROM VARIOUS ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPS IN CONDITIONS OF КUBAN ZONE OF RICE GROWING

The most common and harmful disease of the agricultural crop rice is a “burn” caused by the fungus Magnoporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr, the causative agent of rice blast. The important direction of modern domestic rice breeding is the development of high-yielding varieties resistant to blast. To solve the problem, it is important to search for sources and donors of resistance to the Krasnodar population of the pathogen among ecotypes of different ecological and geographical origin. Evaluation of the rice collection diversity for resistance to blast was carried out both on a natural background and on an infectious-provocative one. Immunological evaluation and phenotyping were carried out in 2015–2017 on 154 varieties of the Oryza sativa L. species from 7 ecological and geographical cultivation zones. Over the years of research, the range of variation in the intensity of the disease development in varieties was in the range from 1.1 to 77.8 %. The differences in the resistance of rice varieties to the pathogen between ecological groups and countries have been found. Most of the studied samples have shown medium resistance, there were isolated 51 resistant forms. Most often stable forms were found among the germplasm from China, Italy, the Philippines and Korea, and the unstable ones were from African countries, Japan, Primorye and Vietnam. Introduced samples resistant to the disease were identified and adapted to soil and climatic conditions and rice cultivation technologies of the Kuban, they were included in the breeding scheme for developing pathogen-resistant rice varieties with the extension of their genetic basis. The article presents data on the variation of morphological traits and the rate of development of plants of international varieties from 24 countries in the conditions of the south of Russia. The results of the comparison of germplasm of domestic and foreign varieties according to the degree of resistance to the pathogen in conditions of natural infection in the field experiment for five years are presented. As a result of the evaluation of plant resistance to the Krasnodar population of the pathogen, the effective genes for resistance to the pathogen for breeding programs of the south of Russia and the molecular genetic analysis of the rice collection variety were determined: Pi-1, Pi-z, Pi-ta, Pi-z5, Pi-9, Pi-5(t), Pi-t, Pi-19

State of rat colon microbiocenosis in chronic restraint stress treated with Selank

It is currently accepted that stress significantly affects composition of microbiocenosis due to changes in permeability of intestinal barrier and pro-inflammatory effects. This, in turn, changes behavioral reactions, anxiety and stress response. In this regard, it seems promising to use regulatory peptide-based neurotropic drugs including Selank to correct stress-induced dysbiosis. Our study was aimed at assessing state of rat colon microbiocenosis in modelled chronic restraint stress and treated with Selankby using 65 Wistar male rats divided into five groups (per 13 rats in each): group 1 — rats injected with saline; group 2 — injected with saline and induced chronic restraint stress; group 3–5 — administered with Selank at dose of 80 μg/kg, 250 μg/kg and 750 μg/kg body weight, respectively, and induced chronic restraint stress. Quantitative and qualitative study of animal colon microbiota was carried out according to the method by L.I. Kafarskaja and V.M. Korshunov. Identification of microorganisms was carried out by using a Maldi Biotyper Microflex mass spectrometer (Bruker, United States). Microbial species-specific composition was presented as lg CFU/g mass of examined sample. For each identified microbial genus, the relative mean and frequency of occurrence were calculated. Statistical significance of differences in mean values was determined by using Student’s t-test. Chronic restraint stress in the experiment did not result in affecting dominant microbiota species in rat colon nor reduce their frequency, however, it significantly influenced examined parameters for commensal microbiota disturbing pattern of pathogenic bacterial strains. Use of Selank led to the reversing changes in composition of colonic microbiocenosis caused by stress model. Moreover, magnitude of parameters examined in experiment after applying Selank at dose of 750 μg/kg reached those in non-stressed animals. Thus, effects related to Selank administration may presumably be mediated due to both central and peripheral effects including immunotropic and anti-inflammatory activities which contributed to restoring colon microbiocenosis composition in stress model

Особенности структурно-функциональной перестройки магистральных артериальных сосудов в отдаленном постреанимационном периоде

Objective: to study the specific features of remodeling of the aorta, carotid, and femoral artery in the late postresuscitative period.Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on non-inbred albino rats when clinical death was stimulated by the method of V. G. Korpachev due to 10-minute cardiovascular fascicle ligation. Before clinical death and 60 days after resuscitation, blood pressure, vascular tissue malonic dialdehyde levels, and plasma biochemiluminescence parameters were recorded and great vascular tissue microscopic and ultramicroscopic studies were conducted.Results. On day 60 following resuscitation, a unitary connective tissue carcass was shown to form in the great vascular intima and media via chaotic synthesis of heretodirection-al fibers. This appeared as elevated levels of collagenous fibers in the intima and media as shown by light microscopy. The aortic, carotid, and femoral arterial media displayed a large number of secreting smooth muscle cells and elevated levels of collagenous fibers, which was an active vascular wall remodeling process. Enhanced free radical processes during reperfusion both in the whole organism and vascular wall tissue were one of the triggers of remodeling processes after ischemia. Impaired vascular tone regulation caused by the development of vascular wall remodeling by the connective tissue vegetation growth type contributed to the development of a hypertensive response in the late period. Conclusion. The late postresuscitative period was marked by increased connective tissue in the media of great vessels, by imperfect recovery of the morphofunc-tional status of the endothelial lining, which was likely to be a cause of increased vascular stiffness and elevated blood pressure in rats 2 months after resuscitation. Цель исследования изучить особенности ремоделирования аорты, сонной и бедренной артерий в отдаленном постреанимационном периоде.Материалы и методы. Эксперименты выполнены на белых беспородных крысах при моделировании клинической смерти по Корпачеву В. Г. в результате 10-минутного пережатия сердечно-сосудистого пучка. До клинической смерти и через 60 суток после реанимации регистрировали артериальное давление, содержание малонового диальдегида в ткани сосудов, показатели биохемилюминесценции в плазме крови, проводили микроскопические и ультрамикроскопические исследования ткани магистральных сосудов.Результаты. Показано, что на 60-е сутки после реанимации формируется единый соединительнотканный каркас в интиме и медии магистральных сосудов путем хаотичного синтеза разнонаправленных волокон. На световом уровне это выявлялось в виде увеличения содержания коллагеновых волокон во внутреннем и среднем сосудистых слоях. В медии аорты, сонной и бедренной артерий происходило увеличение количества секретирующих гладкомышечных клеток и содержания коллагеновых волокон, что представляло собой процесс активного ремоделирования сосудистой стенки. Одним из факторов, запускающих процессы ремоделирования после ишемии, явилось усиление свободнорадикальных процессов при реперфузии как в целом организме, так и в ткани сосудистой стенки. Нарушение процессов регуляции сосудистого тонуса, обусловленное развитием ремоделированием сосудистой стенки по типу разрастания соединительной ткани, способствовало развитию гипертензивной реакции в отдаленном периоде.Заключение. В отдаленном постреанимационном периоде наблюдалось увеличение количества соединительной ткани в медии магистральных сосудов, неполноценное восстановление морфо-функционального состояния эндотелиальной выстилки, что, вероятно, явилось одной из причин увеличения «жесткости» сосудов и повышения артериального давления у крыс через 2 месяца после реанимации.

Density‐ and size‐dependent mortality in fish early life stages

The importance of survival and growth variations early in life for population dynamics depends on the degrees of compensatory density dependence and size dependence in survival at later life stages. Quantifying density‐ and size‐dependent mortality at different juvenile stages is therefore important to understand and potentially predict the recruitment to the population. We applied a statistical state‐space modelling approach to analyse time series of abundance and mean body size of larval and juvenile fish. The focus was to identify the importance of abundance and body size for growth and survival through successive larval and juvenile age intervals, and to quantify how the dynamics propagate through the early life to influence recruitment. We thus identified both relevant ages and mechanisms (i.e. density dependence and size dependence in survival and growth) linking recruitment variability to early life dynamics. The analysis was conducted on six economically and ecologically important fish populations from cold temperate and sub‐arctic marine ecosystems. Our results underscore the importance of size for survival early in life. The comparative analysis suggests that size‐dependent mortality and density‐dependent growth frequently occur at a transition from pelagic to demersal habitats, which may be linked to competition for suitable habitat. The generality of this hypothesis warrants testing in future research.publishedVersio