Antenna of the space radiotelescope KRT-3

The questions of antenna design with a diameter of 3 m for space radio-interferometry are examined. The basic characteristics of the antenna are determined, on the basis of which a model of the antenna of a space radiotelescope of 3.1 m KRT-3 is developed and prepared. The technological peculiarities of the antenna preparation are examined. The results of measurement of the reflecting surfaces of the telescope are cited, which point to the fact that the antenna may operate to wave lengths in the order of 2 mm

Holographic Recording Media based on Electron Donor Oligomers

For optical holographic recording by photothermoplastic technique reversible holographic media based on oligomers with hole type of conductivity are used. New carbazole containing radial tetrasubstituted silanes and germanes are described in the present work

Инкапсулирование антоцианов плодов бузины черной методом распылительной сушки

Spray-dried forms of anthocyanins were prepared in a maltodextrin matrix. The anthocyanins were extracted by maceration of elderberry fruits in 0.1 M HCl followed by extract filtration through a paper filter. The extract was partially purified by solid phase extraction in a column filled with styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads (Sepabeads SP859/L) or in syringe cartridges with C18 silica (BioChemMack ST, Moscow, RF) followed by re-extraction with aqueous HCl and alcohol mixtures. The procedure of reversed-phase HPLC determination of the extracted anthocyanin type is discussed in comparison to HILIC method in DIOL silica columns. The latter method was shown to be preferable to avoid systematic errors in the anthocyanin type determination. Solidphase extraction in syringe cartridges gave samples with very high anthocyanins concentration (up to 70 g of cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride equivalent). When using the copolymer sorbent, the concentration was somewhat lower: up to 27 g/l. After spray drying red powder samples with anthocyanins content more than 2% were prepared, although freeze drying gave only dark resin. The red color of the samples indicates the space separation of flavylium ions in the solid state by radicals of the maltodextrin background.В работе методом распылительной сушки получены сухие формы антоцианов плодов бузины черной с концентрацией до 2 % мас., инкапсулированные в мальтодекстриновую матрицу, в виде сыпучих порошков красного цвета. Предложен вариант экстракции антоцианов из плодов и способ очистки экстрактов методом твердофазной экстракции. В работе обсуждается проблема характеризации исходного материала и полученного продукта по видовому составу антоцианов методами обращенно-фазовой и гидрофильной ВЭЖХ

The role of NF-κB- mediated action of NO-synthases in disorganization of periodontal connective tissue under modeled metabolic syndrome

В эксперименте на 40 белых крысах исследована роль NF-κB в механизмах дезорганизации соединительной ткани пародонта, зависимых от функционального состояния NO - синтазы (NOS), в условиях моделирования метаболического синдрома (МС). Выявлено, что способность нейрональной NOS ограничивать дезорганизацию соединительной ткани пародонта (коллагенолиз и деполимеризацию протеогликанов), в условиях МС, является NF-κB-опосредованной. Показано, что действие селективного ингибитора индуцибельной NOS аминогуанидина в этих условиях не приводит к NF-κB-зависимым изменениям состояния коллагеновых и неколлагеновых белков в тканях пародонта. Введение ингибитора NF-κB JSH-23 сопровождается повышением коллагенопротективного действия L-аргинина в мягких и костной тканях пародонта.NO- dependent disorders is an important part of the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS). It is known that a large number of effects produced by NO are mediated via the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Excessive NO formation is accompanied by increased proteolysis and disorganization of connective tissue. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of NF-κB in the mechanisms of disruption of periodontal connective tissue in rats depending on the functional state of NO-synthases (NOS) under modeled MS. Methods. The research was carried out on 40 Wistar male rats weighing 180-230g in 8 series of experiments: during the first series necessary parameters of intact animals (control series) were studied; during the second series we investigated necessary parameters after the MS simulation, the during the third, fourth and fifth series when MS was modeling the animals were administered selective inhibitor of neuronal NO-synthase (nNOS) 7- nitroindazol (7-NI, 30 mg/kg), a selective inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) - aminoguanidine (20 mg/kg) and NO-synthase substrate - L-arginine (500 mg/kg). During the sixth, seventh and eighth series against the background of modeled MS in addition to the above mentioned substances the rats were administered an inhibitor of NF- κB activation II - JSH-23 (4-methyl-N-(3-phenylpropyl) benzene -1,2-diamine, 1 mg/kg). All compounds were administered intraperitoneally twice a week for a period of MS modeling. The state of collagen was assessed by the content of free oxyproline (FO) in the soft tissues and bone tissues. The level of proteoglycans was assessed by their monomers – glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Results. MS modeling is accompanied by increased FO concentration in bone and soft tissues by 61.8 % (p <0.001) and 68.3 % (p <0.001) respectively, increased GAG by 64.3 % (p <0,001) and 80.9 % (p <0.001). The introduction of 7-NI increases FO concentration in soft and bone periodontal tissues of the rats by 23.8 % (p<0.001) and by 21.8 % (p<0.001), GAG by 19.6 % (p<0,001) and 10.6 % (p<0.01) compared with the data of the second series. Under the combined effect produced by 7-NI and JSH-23 FO concentration and GAG decreases in periodontal soft tissues by 20.5 % (p<0.01) and 20.8 % (p<0.01), in periodontal bone tissue by 24.5 % (p<0.001) and by 16.0 % (p<0.01) compared to the results of the third series. The introduction of aminoguanidine limits FO content in soft and bone periodontal tissue by 40.0 % (p <0.001) and 43.4 % (p<0.001), GAG by 36.5 % (p<0.001) and 34.1 % (p<0.001) compared with the data of the second series. Under the combined effect produced by aminoguanidine and JSH-23 the concentration of GAG and FO in periodontal tissues is remaining reduced.The introduction of L-arginine under conditions of MS decreases FO concentration in soft and bone periodontal tissue by 32.8 % (p<0.001) and 30.8 % (p<0.001), GAG by 27.0 % (p<0.001) and 32.4 % (p<0.001) compared with the data of the second series. Under the combined effect produced by L-arginine and JSH-23 in the conditions of modeled MS FO concentration was significantly reduced in periodontal soft tissues by 25.1 % (p<0.01), the periodontal tissue by 21.6 % (p<0.01) compared with the data of the fifth series. GAG content did not change significantly. Conclusions: 1) The ability of nNOS to limit the disruption of periodontal connective tissue (collagenolysis and proteoglycan depolymerization) in modeled MS is NF-κB- mediated. 2) Effect of selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine in modeled MS is not accompanied by NF-κB- dependent changes in the state of the collagen and noncollagen fibers in the periodontal tissues. 3) Introduction of an inhibitor NF-κB JSH-23 under MS is accompanied by increased collagen-protecting action of L-arginine in soft and bone tissues of periodontium

Quercetin potentiates antiradical properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in periodontium of rats under systemic and local administration of lipopolisaccharide of Salmonella typhi

There has been demonstrated that pharmaceutical effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol, which is found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), is implemented through the activation of Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2).The importance of Keap1 / Nrf2 / antioxidant response element (ARE) system is determined by the fact that the state of NF-κB- and АР-1-associated pathways depends on its activity. Recent studies have demonstrated the property of quercetin to suppress ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of complex of NF-κB and its inhibitory protein IκB. All this provides preconditions to eliminate the potentiality of NF-κB-dependent expression of the number of genes of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory proteins. However, co-effect produced by quercetin and EGCG on the oxidative nitrosative stress markers in the periodontal tissues is still unclear

Objectives of the Millimetron Space Observatory science program and technical capabilities of its realization

We present the scientific program of the Spectr-M project aimed at the creation and operation of the Millimetron Space Observatory (MSO) planned for launch in the late 2020s. The unique technical capabilities of the observatory will enable broadband observations of astronomical objects from 50 μm to 10 mm wavelengths with a record sensitivity (up to ~ 0.1 μJy) in the single-dish mode and with an unprecedented high angular resolution (~ 0.1 μas) in the ground-space very long baseline interferometer (SVLBI) regime. The program addresses fundamental priority issues of astrophysics and physics in general that can be solved only with the MSO capabilities: 1) the study of physical processes in the early Universe up to redshifts z ~ 2 × 106 through measuring μ-distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, and investigation of the structure and evolution of the Universe at redshifts z < 15 by measuring y-distortions of the CMB spectrum; 2) the investigation of the geometry of space-time around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the center of our Galaxy and M87 by imaging surrounding shadows, the study of plasma properties in the shadow formation regions, and the search for observational manifestations of wormholes; 3) the study of observational manifestations of the origin of life in the Universe - the search for water and biomarkers in the Galactic interstellar medium. Moreover, the technical capabilities of the MSO can help solve related problems, including the birth of the first galaxies and SMBHs (z ≳ 10), alternative approaches to measuring the Hubble constant, the physics of SMBHs in 'dusty' galactic nuclei, the study of protoplanetary disks and water transport in them, and the study of 'ocean worlds' in the Solar System

Crohn's disease with predominantly extraterrestrial manifestations: clinical case

Extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease often accompany symptoms of gastrointestinal lesions, but in some cases they precede the appearance of intestinal symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. This article presents a clinical case of an atypical onset of Crohn's disease with extraintestinal manifestations.Внекишечные проявления болезни Крона часто сопутствуют симптомам поражения желудочно-кишечного тракта, однако в некоторых случаях они предшествует появлению кишечной симптоматики, что затрудняет диагностику заболевания. В данной статье приводится клинический случай нетипичного начала болезни Крона с внекишечных проявлений

ВЫСОКОЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ ПРИЕМНИК ИНФРАКРАСНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ

Recent research and development show promising use of high-performance solid-state receivers of the electromagnetic radiation. These receivers are based on the low-barrier Schottky diodes. The approach to the design of the receivers on the basis of delta-doped low-barrier Schottky diodes with beam leads without bias is especially actively developing because for uncooled receivers of the microwave radiation these diodes have virtually no competition. The purpose of this work is to improve the main parameters and characteristics that determine the practical relevance of the receivers of mid-infrared electromagnetic radiation at the operating room temperature by modifying the electrodes configuration of the diode and optimizing the distance between them. Proposed original design solution of the integrated receiver of mid-infrared radiation on the basis of the low-barrier Schottky diodes with beam leads allows to effectively adjust its main parameters and characteristics. Simulation of the electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed receiver by using the software package HFSS with the basic algorithm of a finite element method which implemented to calculate the behavior of electromagnetic fields on an arbitrary geometry with a predetermined material properties have shown that when the inner parts of the electrodes of the low-barrier Schottky diode is performed in the concentric elliptical convex-concave shape, it can be reduce the reflection losses to -57.75 dB and the standing wave ratio to 1.003 while increasing the directivity up to 23 at a wavelength of 6.09 μm. At this time, the rounded radii of the inner parts of the anode and cathode electrodes are equal 212 nm and 318 nm respectively and the gap setting between them is 106 nm. These parameters will improve the efficiency of the developed infrared optical-promising and electronic equipment for various purposes intended for work in the mid-infrared wavelength range. Исследования и разработки последних лет показывают перспективность использования высокоэффективных твердотельных приемников электромагнитного излучения на основе низкобарьерных диодов Шоттки. Особенно активно развивается подход к конструированию приемников на основе δ-легированных низкобарьерных диодов Шоттки с балочными выводами без смещения, так как для неохлаждаемых приемников микроволнового излучения у них практически нет конкурентов. Целью работы являлось улучшение основных параметров и характеристик, определяющих практическую востребованность приемников электромагнитного излучения среднего инфракрасного диапазона длин волн, работающих при температурах, близких к комнатной, за счет изменения конфигурации электродов диода и оптимизации расстояния между ними. Предложенное оригинальное конструктивное решение интегрального приемника среднего диапазона ИК-излучения на основе низкобарьерных диодов Шоттки с балочными выводами позволяет эффективно корректировать его основные параметры и характеристики. Моделирование электродинамических характеристик предложенного приемника, используя программный пакет HFSS, с базовым алгоритмом метода конечных элементов, реализованным для расчета поведения электромагнитных полей на произвольной геометрии с предварительно заданными свойствами материалов, показало: что при выполнении внутренних частей электродов низкобарьерного диода Шоттки в виде концентрической эллиптической выпукло-вогнутой формы можно достичь снижения потерь на отражение до –57,75 дБ и уменьшения коэффициента стоячей волны до 1,003 при одновременном увеличении коэффициента направленного действия до 23 на длине волны 6,09 мкм. При этом радиусы закруглений внутренних частей анодного и катодного электродов составляли 212 нм и 318 нм соответственно, а зазор между ними 106 нм. Указанные параметры позволят повысить эффективность разрабатываемой инфракрасной перспективной оптикои радиоэлектронной аппаратуры различного целевого назначения, предназначенной для работы в среднем инфракрасном диапазоне длин волн.

Hybrid nanoparticles based on sulfides, oxides, and carbides

The methods for synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles based on sulfides, oxides, and carbides of heavy and transition metals were considered. The problem of the influence of the method of synthesis of the hybrid nanoparticles on their atomic structure, morphology of the nanomaterials, and functional properties was analyzed. The areas of practical use of the hybrid nanoparticles were proposed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York