6,617 research outputs found
Dispersion of particles in an infinite-horizon Lorentz gas
We consider a two-dimensional Lorentz gas with infinite horizon. This
paradigmatic model consists of pointlike particles undergoing elastic
collisions with fixed scatterers arranged on a periodic lattice. It was
rigorously shown that when , the distribution of particles is
Gaussian. However, the convergence to this limit is ultraslow, hence it is
practically unattainable. Here we obtain an analytical solution for the Lorentz
gas' kinetics on physically relevant timescales, and find that the density in
its far tails decays as a universal power law of exponent . We also show
that the arrangement of scatterers is imprinted in the shape of the
distribution.Comment: Article with supplemental material: 10 pages, 4 figure
Magnetic relaxation in finite two-dimensional nanoparticle ensembles
We study the slow phase of thermally activated magnetic relaxation in finite
two-dimensional ensembles of dipolar interacting ferromagnetic nanoparticles
whose easy axes of magnetization are perpendicular to the distribution plane.
We develop a method to numerically simulate the magnetic relaxation for the
case that the smallest heights of the potential barriers between the
equilibrium directions of the nanoparticle magnetic moments are much larger
than the thermal energy. Within this framework, we analyze in detail the role
that the correlations of the nanoparticle magnetic moments and the finite size
of the nanoparticle ensemble play in magnetic relaxation.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Biased diffusion in a piecewise linear random potential
We study the biased diffusion of particles moving in one direction under the
action of a constant force in the presence of a piecewise linear random
potential. Using the overdamped equation of motion, we represent the first and
second moments of the particle position as inverse Laplace transforms. By
applying to these transforms the ordinary and the modified Tauberian theorem,
we determine the short- and long-time behavior of the mean-square displacement
of particles. Our results show that while at short times the biased diffusion
is always ballistic, at long times it can be either normal or anomalous. We
formulate the conditions for normal and anomalous behavior and derive the laws
of biased diffusion in both these cases.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Magnetization of nanoparticle systems in a rotating magnetic field
The investigation of a sizable thermal enhancement of magnetization is put
forward for uniaxial ferromagnetic nanoparticles that are placed in a rotating
magnetic field. We elucidate the nature of this phenomenon and evaluate the
resonant frequency dependence of the induced magnetization. Moreover, we reveal
the role of magnetic dipolar interactions, point out potential applications and
reason the feasibility of an experimental observation of this effect.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Dynamical and thermal effects in nanoparticle systems driven by a rotating magnetic field
We study dynamical and thermal effects that are induced in nanoparticle
systems by a rotating magnetic field. Using the deterministic Landau-Lifshitz
equation and appropriate rotating coordinate systems, we derive the equations
that characterize the steady-state precession of the nanoparticle magnetic
moments and study a stability criterion for this type of motion. On this basis,
we describe (i) the influence of the rotating field on the stability of the
small-angle precession, (ii) the dynamical magnetization of nanoparticle
systems, and (iii) the switching of the magnetic moments under the action of
the rotating field. Using the backward Fokker-Planck equation, which
corresponds to the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation, we develop a method for
calculating the mean residence times that the driven magnetic moments dwell in
the up and down states. Within this framework, the features of the induced
magnetization and magnetic relaxation are elucidated.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
On the theory of the vortex state in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase
We demonstrate that the vortex state in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov
(FFLO) phase may be very different depending on the field orientation relative
to the crystalline axes. We calculate numerically the upper critical field near
the tricritical point taking into account the modulation of the order parameter
along the magnetic field as well as the higher Landau levels. For s-wave
superconductors with the anisotropy described by an elliptical Fermi surface we
propose a general scheme of the analysis of the angular dependence of upper
critical field at all temperatures on the basis of the exact solution for the
order parameter. Our results show that the transitions (with tilting magnetic
field) between different types of mixed states may be a salient feature of the
FFLO phase. Moreover we discuss the reasons for the first-order phase
transition into the FFLO state in the case of CeCoIn5 compound.Comment: 7 figure
Mean first-passage times for an ac-driven magnetic moment of a nanoparticle
The two-dimensional backward Fokker-Planck equation is used to calculate the
mean first-passage times (MFPTs) of the magnetic moment of a nanoparticle
driven by a rotating magnetic field. It is shown that a magnetic field that is
rapidly rotating in the plane {\it perpendicular} to the easy axis of the
nanoparticle governs the MFPTs just in the same way as a static magnetic field
that is applied {\it along} the easy axis. Within this framework, the features
of the magnetic relaxation and net magnetization of systems composed of
ferromagnetic nanoparticles arising from the action of the rotating field are
revealed.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
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