Potential distribution surrounding a photo- emitting plate in a dilute plasma

Potential distribution in photo-emitting plate in dilute plasma

Correlation effects in semi-infinite plasmas

Pair correlations in ionized gas combined to half space by perfectly reflecting boundar

Kinetic Equation for a Plasma and Its Application to High-frequency Conductivity

Kinetic equation for inhomogenious nonisotropic plasma and application to high frequency conductivit

Letters of Credit—A Comparison of Article 5 of the Uniform Commercial Code and the Washington Practice [Part 1]

It is our hope that this discussion will serve a dual purpose: (1) provide a basis for evaluating the desirability of Article 5 and so aid in an over-all evaluation of the Uniform Commercial Code in this period of pre-enactment consideration of the Code\u27s merits, and (2) provide a point of departure for Washington bankers and lawyers who become concerned with letter of credit problems after enactment of the Code. The first of these objectives seems better served if we undertake with each section a critique of its operation in light of the existing practice. This we have done

Letters of Credit—A Comparison of Article 5 of the Uniform Commercial Code and the Washington Practice [Part 2]

It is our hope that this discussion will serve a dual purpose: (1) provide a basis for evaluating the desirability of Article 5 and so aid in an over-all evaluation of the Uniform Commercial Code in this period of pre-enactment consideration of the Code\u27s merits, and (2) provide a point of departure for Washington bankers and lawyers who become concerned with letter of credit problems after enactment of the Code. The first of these objectives seems better served if we undertake with each section a critique of its operation in light of the existing practice. This we have done

Studies on the determination of sulfur as barium sulfate

1. The conditions affecting the accuracy of sulfur determination by barium chloride precipitation have been studied, using potassium and sodium sulfates. 2. The effect of sodium, calcium and magnesium salts has been investigated, under conditions approximating those of insecticide analysis. 3. A definite set of conditions is quoted, which if strictly observed, will yield fairly accurate analyses. For more accurate work, a method of checking by analysis of a synthetic solution is advocated. 4. The theory of the contamination of barium sulfate by extraneous substances is discussed, and the experimental data throw further light upon the nature of the adhesion phenomena. 5. An exhaustive bibliography of previous work is appended, together with abstracts of the papers

What are we downloading for our children? Best-selling children’s apps in four European countries

The present article provides an overview of the best-selling apps for the age range of 0–8 years under various categories, including ‘Kids’, ‘Books’, ‘Educational games’, ‘Family games’ and ‘Word games’ in the two major application stores (Google Play and iTunes App Store) in four economically diverse European countries: Hungary, Turkey, Greece and the Netherlands. As tablets seem to be a substantial part of children’s leisure activities, and thus apps might play an important role in their development, we conducted a content analysis to highlight two issues: the educational value of the most popular children’s apps and the fine-tuning of apps to the local culture and language of non-English speaking countries. There is a large overlap between the best-selling apps in the four countries; in fact, half of the apps appear among the most popular lists in more than one country. Consequently, most children’s apps do not include any oral language and, if they do, they are not available in the local language. Furthermore, the results show that a substantial part of the apps supported early literacy skills. In the majority of apps teaching literacy, although advertised for the youngest, the focus of instruction was more suited for school-age children

Stem cells, senescence, neosis and self-renewal in cancer

We describe the basic tenets of the current concepts of cancer biology, and review the recent advances on the suppressor role of senescence in tumor growth and the breakdown of this barrier during the origin of tumor growth. Senescence phenotype can be induced by (1) telomere attrition-induced senescence at the end of the cellular mitotic life span (MLS*) and (2) also by replication history-independent, accelerated senescence due to inadvertent activation of oncogenes or by exposure of cells to genotoxins. Tumor suppressor genes p53/pRB/p16INK4A and related senescence checkpoints are involved in effecting the onset of senescence. However, senescence as a tumor suppressor mechanism is a leaky process and senescent cells with mutations or epimutations in these genes escape mitotic catastrophe-induced cell death by becoming polyploid cells. These polyploid giant cells, before they die, give rise to several cells with viable genomes via nuclear budding and asymmetric cytokinesis. This mode of cell division has been termed neosis and the immediate neotic offspring the Raju cells. The latter inherit genomic instability and transiently display stem cell properties in that they differentiate into tumor cells and display extended, but, limited MLS, at the end of which they enter senescent phase and can undergo secondary/tertiary neosis to produce the next generation of Raju cells. Neosis is repeated several times during tumor growth in a non-synchronized fashion, is the mode of origin of resistant tumor growth and contributes to tumor cell heterogeneity and continuity. The main event during neosis appears to be the production of mitotically viable daughter genome after epigenetic modulation from the non-viable polyploid genome of neosis mother cell (NMC). This leads to the growth of resistant tumor cells. Since during neosis, spindle checkpoint is not activated, this may give rise to aneuploidy. Thus, tumor cells also are destined to die due to senescence, but may escape senescence due to mutations or epimutations in the senescent checkpoint pathway. A historical review of neosis-like events is presented and implications of neosis in relation to the current dogmas of cancer biology are discussed. Genesis and repetitive re-genesis of Raju cells with transient "stemness" via neosis are of vital importance to the origin and continuous growth of tumors, a process that appears to be common to all types of tumors. We suggest that unlike current anti-mitotic therapy of cancers, anti-neotic therapy would not cause undesirable side effects. We propose a rational hypothesis for the origin and progression of tumors in which neosis plays a major role in the multistep carcinogenesis in different types of cancers. We define cancers as a single disease of uncontrolled neosis due to failure of senescent checkpoint controls

Evidence for Long-Term Impact of Pasos Adelante: Using a Community-Wide Survey to Evaluate Chronic Disease Risk Modification in Prior Program Participants

Effective community-level chronic disease prevention is critical to population health within developed and developing nations. Pasos Adelante is a preventive intervention that aims to reduce chronic disease risk with evidence of effectiveness in US-Mexico residing, Mexican origin, participants. This intervention and related ones also implemented with community health workers have been shown to improve clinical, behavioral and quality of life indicators; though most evidence is from shorter-term evaluations and/or lack comparison groups. The current study examines the impact of this program using secondary data collected in the community 3–6 years after all participants completed the program. A proportional household survey (N = 708) was used that included 48 respondents who indicated they had participated in Pasos. Using propensity score matching to account for differences in program participants versus other community residents (the program targeted those with diabetes and associated risk factors), 148 natural controls were identified for 37 matched Pasos participants. Testing a range of behavioral and clinical indicators of chronic disease risk, logistic regression models accounting for selection bias showed two significant findings; Pasos participants were more physically active and drank less whole milk. These findings add to the evidence of the effectiveness of Pasos Adalente and related interventions in reducing chronic disease risk in Mexican-origin populations, and illustrate the use of innovative techniques for using secondary, community-level data to complement prior evaluation research