Probability Distribution of the Quality Factor of a Mode-Stirred Reverberation Chamber

We derive a probability distribution, confidence intervals and statistics of the quality (Q) factor of an arbitrarily shaped mode-stirred reverberation chamber, based on ensemble distributions of the idealized random cavity field with assumed perfect stir efficiency. It is shown that Q exhibits a Fisher-Snedecor F-distribution whose degrees of freedom are governed by the number of simultaneously excited cavity modes per stir state. The most probable value of Q is between a fraction 2/9 and 1 of its mean value, and between a fraction 4/9 and 1 of its asymptotic (composite Q) value. The arithmetic mean value is found to always exceed the values of all other theoretical metrics for centrality of Q. For a rectangular cavity, we retrieve the known asymptotic Q in the limit of highly overmoded regime.Comment: accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 201

epidemiological surveillance of leishmaniasis in the european union operational and research challenges

Surveillance and outbreak reports Re-emergence of leishmaniasis in Spain: community outbreak in Madrid, Spain, 2009 to 2012 5 by A Arce, A Estirado, M Ordobas, S Sevilla, N Garcia, L Moratilla, S de la Fuente, AM Martinez, AM Perez, E Aranguez, A Iriso, O Sevillano, J Bernal, F Vilas Imported leishmaniasis in the Netherlands from 2005 to 2012: epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and sequence-based species typing from 195 patients 14 by A Bart, PP van Thiel , HJ de Vries, CJ Hodiamont, T Van Goo

Isolated Meningitis and Lacrimal Gland Abscess due to Odontogenic Sinusitis: Case Report

n/

Early suppression of lymphoproliferative response in dogs with natural infection by Leishmania infantum.

Dogs are the domestic reservoirs of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Early detection of canine infections evolving to clinically patent disease may be important to leishmaniasis control. In this study we firstly investigated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) response to leishmanial antigens and to polyclonal activators concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, of mixed-breed dogs with natural L. infantum infection, either in presymptomatic or in patent disease condition, compared to healthy animals. Leishmania antigens did not induce a clear proliferative response in any of the animals examined. Furthermore, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was found strongly reduced not only in symptomatic, but also in presymptomatic dogs suggesting that the cell-mediated immunity is suppressed in progressive canine leishmaniasis. To test this finding, naive Beagle dogs were exposed to natural L. infantum infection in a highly endemic area of southern Italy. Two to 10 months after exposure all dogs were found to be infected by Leishmania, and on month 2 of exposure they all showed a significant reduction in PBMC activation by mitogens. Our results indicate that suppression of the lymphoproliferative response is a common occurrence in dogs already at the beginning of an established leishmanial infection. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum co-infection: a 3-year longitudinal study in naturally exposed dogs.

n/

Efficacy of a novel neem oil formulation (RP03™) to control the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae

Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae) is the most harmful ectoparasite of laying hens, represents an occupational hazard for poultry workers, and a growing threat to medical science per se. There is increasing demand for alternative products, including plant-derived acaricides, with which to control the mite. The present study investigated the efficacy of neem oil against D. gallinae on a heavily infested commercial laying hen farm. A novel formulation of 20% neem oil, diluted from a 2400-p.p.m. azadirachtin-concentrated stock (RP03â ¢), was administered by nebulization three times in 1week. Using corrugated cardboard traps, mite density was monitored before, during and after treatment and results were statistically analysed. Mite populations in the treated block showed 94.65%, 99.64% and 99.80% reductions after the first, second and third product administrations, respectively. The rate of reduction of the mite population was significantly higher in the treated block (P<0.001) compared with the control and buffer blocks. The results suggest the strong bioactivity of neem, and specifically of the patented neem-based formulation RP03â ¢, against D. gallinae. The treatment was most effective in the 10days following the first application and its effects persisted for over 2months. Further studies will aim to overcome observed side effects of treatment represented by an oily layer on equipment and eggs

Active veterinary and entomological surveillance to assess emerging vector-borne disease risk in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy)

n/