Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation upon kindled seizures depends upon PPARγ modulation

The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the effectiveness of peroxisomal proliferator-activated γ-receptors (PPARγ) modulation upon the antiseizure effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In rats with the kindling syndrome was induced by i.p. injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 30.0 mg/kg daily, for three weeks). For tDCS active electrode was located over cerebellar zone of cranium (10 mm2). The latent period of seizures induced by a test injection of PTZ (30 mg/kg) increased significantly (by 22.5% on average P b .05 vs. control) after tDCS (600 μA, 10.0 min, cathode on the skull surface)

Enhancement of the anticonvulsant effect of the h3 histamine receptor blocker thioperamid against the use of pioglitazone

The purpose of the study was to study the dynamics of foci of epileptic activity, which were reproduced in the cerebral cortex of kindled rats using the sodium salt of benzylpenicillin, under the conditions of individual and combined use of pioglitazone and thioperamid. Under conditions of acute observation in rats kindled with pentylenetetrazole repeated administration (30-35 mg/kg, i.p.), the influence of thioperamid (2,5 and 15,0 mg/kg, i.p.) and pioglitazone(50,0 and 200,0 mg/kg, i.p.) administrations upon penicillin-induced foci in the frontal cortex have been investigated. The data obtained showed that pioglitazone use in a previously ineffective dose (50.0 mg/kg, i.p.) but against the background of the administration of thioperamid (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was accompanied by the development of an anticonvulsant effect, which was expressed as inhibition of the amplitude and frequency of epileptic seizures potentials, as well as in reducing the life span of epileptic foci. A similar result indicates the possibility of restoration of sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effects of the studied drugs when they are used together in kindling provoked resistance to the action of antiepileptic drugs. Thus, the development of the antiseizure effect of thioperamid and pioglitazone, which were used in initially not effective dosages (2,5 and 50,0 mg/kg correspondently), have been described. This fact favors the synergy of the antiepileptic action of investigated compounds

Mobile Medicine and General Trends in Medical Informatics

New challenges in medicine gained systemic character along with the accumulation of new data on links between functional units in human body; most of them, starting from the genetic level, are able to impact different disciplines at some earlier unimaginable stages of their development. That is why a counterpart activity, which is purposed to vanquish them, must also have a systemic character. With this respect, medical informatics (MI) is the first line reserve among others. From MI we get the most explicit response to urgent demands in health care via constructive multidisciplinary dialogue]. MI contributes to all medical disciplines; its development led to newest concepts such as personalized medicine, m-health, evidence-based medicine, etc

Effects of Paroxetine and Sertraline on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: An Observational Cohort Study

Background: Antidepressant use in US adults increased 3-fold from 2.5% in 1988–94 to 8.1% in 1999–2002, based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. As the use of antidepressants increases, a comprehensive understanding of the potential health risks that may be associated with their use becomes increasingly important. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of paroxetine and sertraline on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Study Design: An observational cohort study (1997–2004) of adults who had taken paroxetine or sertraline for at least 60 continuous days and had ≥2 LDL-C values measured during the study period, one while taking and one while not taking paroxetine or sertraline. A total of 13 634 LDL-C values clustered within 2682 patients were studied. Methods: We conducted mixed model regression analyses to quantify the relationship between antidepressant use and LDL-C values. Results: The number of days taking paroxetine (β = 0.0045; 95% CI 0.0018, 0.0073) and sertraline (β = 0.0074; 95% CI 0.0054, 0.0093) prior to the LDL-C test were related to higher LDL-C values, after accounting for age, sex, year LDL-C was tested, co-morbidity, depression and lipid medication. The number of days that had passed since exposure to paroxetine (β =−0.0013; 95% CI −0.0020, −0.00061) or sertraline (β = −0.00093; 95% CI −0.016, −0.00022) were related to lower LDL-C values. The significant interaction between exposure to an antidepressant and taking a lipid medication demonstrates that the increase in LDL-C values associated with antidepressant use is ameliorated among patients who were taking a lipid medication when LDL-C was measured. Conclusion: Our study showed that long-term use of paroxetine or sertraline may have a measurable adverse impact on cardiovascular risk in adults. Clinical strategies should be used to address cardiovascular risk while maintaining effective treatment of major depression. In light of these findings, attention to LDL-C values should accompany antidepressant use

Anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of electric stimulation of the paleocerebellar cortex in pentylenetetrazol kindled rats

Anxiety and depression are component of interictal behavioral deteriorations that occur as a consequence of kindling, a procedure to induce chronic epilepsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of electrical stimulation (ES) of paleocerebellar cortex on anxiety and depressive-like behavior in a PTZ kindled epilepsy model. Kindling was induced via pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (25.0 mg/kg IP daily) during three weeks. Locomotion in open field, elevated plus-maze (EPM) and Porsolt forced swimming test have been used for the assessment of anxiety and depression-like behavior. ES (100 Hz) has been delivered to V–VII lobules of vermal cortex of kindled rats. ES of paleocerebellum reversed kindling-induced reduction of crossings of central squares, increased rearings, and decreased the number of defecations in open field. The duration that kindled animals spent in the open arms of the EPM increased in post- ES period, and the number of enterings into the closed arms of the EPM decreased. The duration of the immobility response in the swimming test in kindled rats was reduced after ESs of paleocerebellum. In all: ES of paleocerebellar structures suppressed anxious and depressive-like behavior in PTZ-kindled rats

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Liquid Ga_xAs_{1-x} Alloys

We report the results of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of liquid Ga_xAs_{1-x} alloys at five different concentrations, at a temperature of 1600 K, just above the melting point of GaAs. The liquid is predicted to be metallic at all concentrations between x = 0.2 and x = 0.8, with a weak resistivity maximum near x = 0.5, consistent with the Faber-Ziman expression. The electronic density of states is finite at the Fermi energy for all concentrations; there is, however, a significant pseudogap especially in the As-rich samples. The Ga-rich density of states more closely resembles that of a free-electron metal. The partial structure factors show only a weak indication of chemical short-range order. There is also some residue of the covalent bonding found in the solid, which shows up in the bond-angle distribution functions of the liquid state. Finally, the atomic diffusion coefficients at 1600K are calculated to be 2.1 \times 10^{-4} cm^2/sec for Ga ions in Ga_{0.8}As_{0.2} and 1.7 \times 10^{-4} cm^2/sec for As ions in Ga_{0.2}As_{0.8}.Comment: 29 pages, 10 eps figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Contemporary approaches to the diabetes retinopathy treatment

Результаты исследовнаия показали, что при стрептозотоцин-индуцированном диабете отмечаются существенные нарушения в состоянии тиол-дисульфидной и аскорбатной окислительно-восстановительных системах ткани сетчатой оболочки глаза. Применение авастина улучшает нарушенные в связи с развитием диабета показатели в пределах 18,4–53,3 % (р<0,05), в то время как альфа-липоевая кислота вызывает их положительную коррекцию в пределах до 54,8 % (р<0,05). Комбинированное применение авастина и липоевой кислоты сопровождается потенцированным терапевтическим действием в отношении исследуемых показателей, что может объяснять высокую эффективность данной комбинации фармакологических препаратов при клини- ческом применении.To investigate the state of defensive antioxidant thiol-disulfide and ascorbic acid systems in retinal tissue both in experimental diabetes and under condition of treatment, which included lipoic acid as antioxidant and axitinib as anti-VEGF treatment

Peculiarities of sleep-wakefulness cycle in kindled rats under condition of ketogenic diet usage

Создание киндлинговой модели хронической эпилептизации мозга введениями коразола (30,0 мг/кг, в/бр) сопровождалось сокращением фазы бодрствования при одновременном удлинении фазы поверхностного сна, сокращении фазы парадоксального сна. При этом также отмечалось сокращение латентного периода и увеличение фргаментированности парадоксального сна. Под влиянием четырехнедельного применения кетогенной диеты (80% липидов, 3,3% углеводов и 16,7% белков) отмечалось увеличение длительности фазы бодрствования киндлинговых крыс, сокращение поверхностного медленноволнового сна, восстановление продолжительности и уменьшение фрагментированности парадоксального сна.Creation of the model of chronic brain epileptization via kindled corazol (30,0 mg/kg, i.p.) administrations was followed by the shortening of the wakefulness accompanied by the prolongation of the superficial slowwave sleep and shortening of the paradoxal sleep. The concomitant shortening of the latency and increase of the number of paradoxal sleep cycles was seen as well. Four-weeks usage of ketogenic diet (80% of lipids, 3,3% of carbohydrates and 16,7% of proteins) was followed by the increase of wakefulness of kindled rats along with the shortening of superficial slow- wave sleep, restoration of the paradoxal sleep duration and decrease the number of it’s cycles

Dynamic Structure Factor of Liquid and Amorphous Ge From Ab Initio Simulations

We calculate the dynamic structure factor S(k,omega) of liquid Ge (l-Ge) at temperature T = 1250 K, and of amorphous Ge (a-Ge) at T = 300 K, using ab initio molecular dynamics. The electronic energy is computed using density-functional theory, primarily in the generalized gradient approximation, together with a plane wave representation of the wave functions and ultra-soft pseudopotentials. We use a 64-atom cell with periodic boundary conditions, and calculate averages over runs of up to 16 ps. The calculated liquid S(k,omega) agrees qualitatively with that obtained by Hosokawa et al, using inelastic X-ray scattering. In a-Ge, we find that the calculated S(k,omega) is in qualitative agreement with that obtained experimentally by Maley et al. Our results suggest that the ab initio approach is sufficient to allow approximate calculations of S(k,omega) in both liquid and amorphous materials.Comment: 31 pages and 8 figures. Accepted for Phys. Rev.