1,650 research outputs found
The Mariner 5 flight path and its determination from tracking data
Mariner 5 flight path and its determination from tracking dat
Post-Turing Methodology: Breaking the Wall on the Way to Artificial General Intelligence
This article offers comprehensive criticism of the Turing test and develops quality criteria for new artificial general intelligence (AGI) assessment tests. It is shown that the prerequisites A. Turing drew upon when reducing personality and human consciousness to “suitable branches of thought” re-flected the engineering level of his time. In fact, the Turing “imitation game” employed only symbolic communication and ignored the physical world. This paper suggests that by restricting thinking ability to symbolic systems alone Turing unknowingly constructed “the wall” that excludes any possi-bility of transition from a complex observable phenomenon to an abstract image or concept. It is, therefore, sensible to factor in new requirements for AI (artificial intelligence) maturity assessment when approaching the Tu-ring test. Such AI must support all forms of communication with a human being, and it should be able to comprehend abstract images and specify con-cepts as well as participate in social practices
Motivational Profiles of Sport Fans of Different Sports
The current investigation examined sport type differences in eight fan motives: escape, economic (i.e., gambling), eustress (i.e., positive arousal), self-esteem, group affiliation, entertainment, family, and aesthetics. Participants (final sample N = 886) completed a questionnaire packet assessing their level of fandom and motivation for consuming one of 13 target sports: professional baseball, college football, professional football, figure skating, gymnastics, professional hockey, boxing, auto racing, tennis, professional basketball, college basketball, professional wrestling, and golf. Sports were classified into three different dichotomies: individual (e.g., figure skating, golf) versus team (e.g., professional baseball, college basketball); aggressive (e.g., professional wrestling, professional football) versus nonaggressive (e.g., professional baseball, figure skating); and stylistic (e.g., figure skating, gymnastics) versus nonstylistic (e.g., professional hockey, tennis). In addition to differences in target sports (e.g., golf versus professional football), statistical analyses indicated a number of sport type differences. Aesthetic motivation was found to be particularly prominent in individual sports, while scores were greater for team sports in eustress, self-esteem, group affiliation, entertainment, and family. Aesthetic motivation scores were also high in nonaggressive sports, while economic, eustress, group affiliation, and entertainment were higher for team sports. Finally, aesthetic motivation was quite high for stylistic sports, while economic, eustress, self-esteem, group affiliation, entertainment, and family motivation scores were higher for nonstylistic sports. Only one motive, escape, was not found to differ in at least one sport type comparison. The discussion centers on potential explanations for the sport type differences as well as on marketing implications and suggestions for future research
On the effective shear speed in 2D phononic crystals
The quasistatic limit of the antiplane shear-wave speed ('effective speed')
in 2D periodic lattices is studied. Two new closed-form estimates of
are derived by employing two different analytical approaches. The first
proceeds from a standard background of the plane wave expansion (PWE). The
second is a new approach, which resides in -space and centers on
the monodromy matrix (MM) introduced in the 2D case as the multiplicative
integral, taken in one coordinate, of a matrix with components being the
operators with respect to the other coordinate. On the numerical side, an
efficient PWE-based scheme for computing is proposed and implemented. The
analytical and numerical findings are applied to several examples of 2D square
lattices with two and three high-contrast components, for which the new PWE and
MM estimates are compared with the numerical data and with some known
approximations. It is demonstrated that the PWE estimate is most efficient in
the case of densely packed stiff inclusions, especially when they form a
symmetric lattice, while in general it is the MM estimate that provides the
best overall fitting accuracy.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Distributive Justice and the Crime Drop
Data were extracted from a total of almost 600000 respondents from all sweeps of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) 1982-2012 to determine whether victimisation was more or less concentrated across households during the crime drop. The most victimised household decile experienced the greatest absolute decline in victimisation but still accounted for over 70% of all victimisations suffered. Methodological issues underlying the patterns observed are discussed. The characteristics associated with highly victimised household are consistent across survey sweeps. Cross-national and crime type extension of work of the kind undertaken is advocated as both intrinsically important and likely to clarify the dynamics of the crime drop
Phase separation transition in liquids and polymers induced by electric field gradients
Spatially uniform electric fields have been used to induce instabilities in
liquids and polymers, and to orient and deform ordered phases of
block-copolymers. Here we discuss the demixing phase transition occurring in
liquid mixtures when they are subject to spatially nonuniform fields. Above the
critical value of potential, a phase-separation transition occurs, and two
coexisting phases appear separated by a sharp interface. Analytical and
numerical composition profiles are given, and the interface location as a
function of charge or voltage is found. The possible influence of demixing on
the stability of suspensions and on inter-colloid interaction is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Special issue of the J. Phys. Soc. Ja
TrustedPals: Secure Multiparty Computation Implemented with Smart Cards
We study the problem of Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) in a model where individual processes contain a tamper-proof security module, and introduce the TrustedPals framework, an efficient smart card based implementation of SMC for any number of participating entities in such a model. Security modules can be trusted by other processes and can establish secure channels between each other. However, their availability is restricted by their host, that is, a corrupted party can stop the computation of its own security module as well as drop any message sent by or to its security module. We show that in this model SMC can be implemented by reducing it to a fault-tolerance problem at the level of security modules. Since the critical part of the computation can be executed locally on the smart card, we can compute any function securely with a protocol complexity which is polynomial only in the number of processes (that is, the complexity does not depend on the function which is computed), in contrast to previous approaches
Military deployment, masculinity and trauma : reviewing the connections
This article reviews the literature on deployment trauma and examines the limitations
of conventional understandings of trauma as they relate to veterans’ experiences.
It suggests that the failure to take into account social influences and social
relationships limits the usefulness of conventional approaches to trauma. The article
considers the role that masculinity plays in male veterans’ experience of and
sense making about trauma. It is suggested that while formal recognition of posttraumatic
stress disorder in the DSM has provided a helpful language for veterans,
it is an incomplete response. A new model of masculinity that better enables the male
veteran to speak about trauma and to reconnect with others has implications for
counselling practice with veterans
A mathematical model of a criminal-prone society
Criminals are common to all societies. To fight against them the community takes different security measures as, for example, to bring about a police. Thus, crime causes a depletion of the common wealth not only by criminal acts but also because the cost of hiring a police force. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of a criminal-prone self-protected society that is divided into socio-economical classes. We study the effect of a non-null crime rate on a free-of-criminals society which is taken as a reference system. As a consequence, we define a criminal-prone society as one whose free-of-criminals steady state is unstable under small perturbations of a certain socio-economical context. Finally, we compare two alternative strategies to control crime: (i) enhancing police efficiency, either by enlarging its size or by updating its technology, against (ii) either reducing criminal appealing or promoting social classes at ris
Spatiotemporal distribution of phycotoxins and their co-occurrence within nearshore waters
Harmful algal blooms (HABs), varying in intensity and causative species, have historically occurred throughout the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.; however, phycotoxin data are sparse. The spatiotemporal distribution of phycotoxins was investigated using solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) across 12 shallow, nearshore sites within the lower Chesapeake Bay and Virginia\u27s coastal bays over one year (2017-2018). Eight toxins, azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), and goniodomin A (GDA) were detected in SPATT extracts. Temporally, phycotoxins were always present in the region, with at least one phycotoxin group (i.e., consisting of OA and DTX1) detected at every time point. Co-occurrence of phycotoxins was also common; two or more toxin groups were observed in 76% of the samples analyzed. Toxin maximums: 0.03 ng AZA2/g resin/day, 0.25 ng DA/g resin/day, 15 ng DTX1/g resin/day, 61 ng OA/g resin/day, 72 ng PTX2/g resin/day, and 102,050 ng GDA/g resin/day were seasonal, with peaks occurring in summer and fall. Spatially, the southern tributary and coastal bay regions harbored the highest amount of total phycotoxins on SPATT over the year, and the former contained the greatest diversity of phycotoxins. The novel detection of AZAs in the region, before a causative species has been identified, supports the use of SPATT as an explorative tool in respect to emerging threats. The lack of karlotoxin in SPATT extracts, but detection of Karlodinium veneficum by microscopy, however, emphasizes that this tool should be considered complementary to, but not a replacement for, more traditional HAB management and monitoring methods
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